ES细胞分化为血管样结构的机理探讨—TGF-β1在血管形成中的作用

本文利用小鼠ES细胞的拟胚体培养和三维胶原蛋白培养系统研究了外源rhTGF-β1对ES细胞分化为血管样结构的影响。结果发现,无论是培液中添加外源rhTGF-β1或细胞经基因转染而有过度表达的TGF-β1都对ES细胞形成血管样结构起着决定性的作用。培液中添加适量的TGF-β1抗体,则过度表达TGF-β1的ES-T6细胞分化为血管样结构的频率明显地受到抑制,相似于其亲本ES-5细胞的分化水平。在Ⅰ型胶原三维培养系统中的单层ES-5细胞培液中添加rhTGF-β1时,明显地促进ES-5细胞形成血管样结构。用层粘连蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原蛋白抗体分别作免疫荧光染色也观察到ES-T6细胞分化产生的上皮样细胞和圆形细胞都显示较强的荧光反应,这些现象提示TGF-β1可能通过调节细胞外基质成份而行使其在血管形成中的作用。同时,我们在ES-5细胞和ES-T6细胞的分化衍生物中都检测到bFGF的mRNA。因此,TGF-β1在血管样结构形成中的作用,除了它对于细胞外基质成份有关基因的直接调控外,还可能通过调节细胞的bFGF等一类与血管内皮细胞生长和分化相关的生长因子而间接地行使其生物学功能。在本实验系统中,ES-T6细胞分化为内皮细胞及血管样结构必需有低剂量RA的诱导,其作用机理有待研究。     

外源TGF—β1基因在小鼠ES细胞中的表达及其对细胞分化的影响

本文利用逆转录病毒载体Ｄｏｌ,在其ＢａｍＨＩ酶切位点插入猪ＴＧＦ－β１ １．７ｋｂｃＫＮＡ,构建成表达质粒,并用磷酸钙沉淀法将该质粒ＤＮＡ转染到小鼠ＥＳ－５细胞,经Ｇ４１８筛选获得抗Ｇ４１８的ＥＳ－５细胞克隆（ＥＳ－Ｔ）,经ＲＮＡ点杂交,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交证明有６个细胞克隆能表达外源猪ＴＧＦ－β１的ｍＲＮＡ,其中两个杂交信号较强的克隆进一步用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交,也证明猪ＴＧＦ－μ     

小鼠早期胚胎发育期间TGF—β免疫组织化学定位

The distribution of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) in the early developing mouse embryos between day 1 and day 12 of gestation was examined by immunohistochemical techniques. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against a synthetic oligopeptide identical to the N-terminal residues 1-29 of TGF-beta-1 from human platelets was used. The following results were obtained: 1. Embryonic cells of early cleavage stages (2, 4 and 8 cells) and late morulae showed positive immunofluorescent reaction without any difference in staining intensity (Plate I, Figs. 1-4). 2. Marked staining of blastocysts in toto or sections with anti-TGF-beta-1 antibodies by either immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase reaction was also observed. Inner cell mass (ICM) cells and trophoectoderm cells were both reacted, but more intense staining was found in primary endoderm cells differentiated from ICM cells adjacent to blastocoele (Plate II, Fig. 5). 3. Scattered granules stained strongly with immunoperoxidase reaction were present in embryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm surrounding the forming mesoderm which was only slightly stained (Plate II, Fig. 6). 4. Intense immunoperoxidase staining was also present in mesoderm of visceral yolk sac of day 8 and day 10 embryos (Plate II, Fig. 7). 5. During the formation of somites, neural tube and limb bud, remarkable staining was found in mesenchyme, individual cells of somites, mucous layer of gut tubes, heart and limb buds (Plate III, Figs. 8-10). No significant staining was seen in neural cells per se except the inner surface of neural tube. The results of present studies indicate that abundant TGF-beta-1 is present in preimplantation mouse embryos including cleavage, morulae and blastocyst stages. In postimplantation embryos, TGF-beta-1 appears to play an important role in the differentiation of endoderm and mesoderm, particularly in the development of extraembryonic tissues, and in later morphogenetic and histogenetic events involving mainly mesoderm or mesenchyme cells.     

TGF—β1短时处理降低肝癌细胞与Fn的粘附及FAK的磷酸化

In order to investigate whether TGF-beta 1 could rapidly regulate integrin induced signaling, we treated SMMC-7721 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with human recombinant TGF-beta 1 for 10 min, and examined cell adhesion, integrin amount and FAK tyrosine phosphorylation. We used cell adhesion assay to estimate the affinity of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin with fibronectin, and analyzed the amount of integrin alpha 5 and beta 1 subunits by performing FACS analysis. Then western blot analysis was carried out to examine tyrosine phosphorylation level of FAK. Our results showed that TGF-beta 1 could rapidly attenuated cell adhesion onto Fn without changing the expression of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, and at the meantime dephosphorylated FAK. It suggested that TGF-beta 1 rapidly regulated the activation of integrin, and stimulated FAK dephosphorylation, which might induce depolarization in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, then facilitates the detachment of tumor cells at early stages of migration.     

外源TGF-β1基因在小鼠ES细胞中的表达及其对细胞分化的影响

本文利用逆转录病毒载体Dol,在其BamHⅠ酶切位点插入猪TGF-β1的1.7kbcDNA,构建成表达质粒,并用磷酸钙沉淀法将该质粒DNA转染到小鼠ES-5细胞,经G_(418)筛选获得抗G_(418)的ES-5细胞克隆(ES-T),经RNA点杂交,Northern印迹杂交证明有6个细胞克隆能表达外源猪TGF-β1的mRNA,其中两个杂交信号较强的克隆进一步用Southern印迹杂交,也证明猪TGF-β1基因已整合到ES-5细胞基因组。经SELISA和生物活性测定,证明ES-T细胞存在着过度表达的TGF-β1基因产物。ES-T细胞生长特性与其亲代ES-5细胞相比,未发现明显差异。经低浓度RA处理悬滴培养的ES-T6细胞,将形成的拟胚体移至用白明胶铺底的培养板中,则最终有95%左右的拟胚体分化出血管样结构,而ES-5细胞在相同培养和处理条件下,只有17.8%形成无规则的管状结构,这结果提示ES-T6细胞基因组中外源TGF-β_1的额外表达,在调节该细胞株分化形成血管样结构中起着重要作用。同时,我们的实验体系也提供了一个适合于研究内皮细胞发生和血管形成的模型。     

TGF—β receptors in mouse ES—5 cells and their differentiated derivatives

By radioreceptor binding studies with iodinated TGF－β1,it has been shown that an undifferentiated ES-5 cell expresses approximately 3270 receptors with a dissociation constant Kd-130pM,but after the induction of differentiation by retinoic acid and dBcAMP,the receptor number of a differentiated RA-ES-5 cell was increased about 80% and the Kd was also increased to 370 pM.Furthermore,more direct evidence supporting the expression of TGF-β type I and type Ⅱ receptors in both ES-5 and RA-ES-5 cells has come from dot blot hybridization of cellular mRNA with cDNA probes for type I and type Ⅱ receptors.Meanwhile,mRNA expression level of types I and Ⅱ receptors in R-ES-5 cells were higher than that in ES-5 cells.Down-regulation of TGF-β receptors with a significant decrease in the rate of cell proliferation in both cells,was found by employing a pretreatment with neutralizing antibody to TGF-β1.The possible role of receptors for TGF-β in cell differentiation is discussed here.     

TGF—β在骨关节炎发生中的可能作用

转化生长因子TGF－β具有广泛的生理效应,对于维持关节软骨正常有重要意义。软骨细胞外基质降解和关节软骨损坏是骨关节炎的重要特征,研究表明TGF－β－方面通过调节细胞外基质成分含量维持基质的正常更新,另一方面通过调节关节软骨细胞的形成,增殖和分化来保持正常数量和正常生理状态的软骨细胞,本文就这两个方面综述了最新研究进展,以探讨TGF－β在骨关节炎发生中的可能调节机制。     

Can overexpression of TGF—β1 gene change the sex ratio in transgenic mice？

Mouse TGF-β1 gene was microinjected into male pronuclei of F2 hybrid fertilized eggs obtained by mating CSJLF1 and C57BL/6J inbred strains to generate transgenic mice with over-expressed TGF-β1 gene.The rate of founder production is 31% and Southern blot analysis of founder mice tail DNAs gave an integration efficiency of 33%.TGF-β1 gene could be stably integrated to the chromosomes of transgenic mice and transmitted to their progeny at a rate of 33% in the second generation.Dot blot analysis of tail RNA of some transgenic mice indicated a moderate expression of the transgene.The most interestin finding of the present work is the striking eviation from the normal male:female sex ratio in transgenic mice,with an average ratio of 6.7:1.The possible nature of the predominance of male sex in transgenic mice overexpressing TGF-β1 is discussed.     

TGF—β信号通路在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用

TGF-β信号通路是一个重要的细胞内信号转导通路,能够通过影响肿瘤微环境、增强肿瘤迁移运动能力和抑制免疫细胞功能来促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移。TGF-β信号通路与肿瘤发展之间密切的联系使得TGF-β信号转导通路成为治疗肿瘤的新靶点。本文通过查阅近年来相关文献,概括TGF—β在肿瘤侵袭转移中所起作用的研究进展,并在此基础上对新型抗TGF-β药物治疗进行了展望。     

β—1,—3葡聚糖的结构与功能

β－１,３－葡聚糖是一类具有抗癌及免疫调节等生物活性的生物大分子其高级结构为单股和３股螺旋体,它的生物活性,理化特性与其分子结构有一定对应关系。     

Tenascin，β-catenin，TGF—β1在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨胃癌组织中Tenascin、β—catenin、TGF－β1的表达及意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法检测70例胃癌组织和20例癌旁正常组织中Tenascin、β-catenin、TGF—β1的表达。结果：①Tenascin主要表达于胃癌组织中癌相关纤维母细胞的胞质,且与胃癌的Lauren分型、分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移关系显著（P〈0．05）;②β－catenin在胃癌的异常表达与胃癌的Lauren分型及分化程度关系显著（P〈0．05）;③TGF—β1在胃癌组织中主要表达于肿瘤细胞的胞质,其表达强度与胃癌的临床分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移显著相关（P〈0．05）;④Tenascin与β—catenin在胃癌中的表达呈负相关（r=－0．505,P〈0．05）。结论：胃癌组织中Tenascin、β—catenin、TGF—β1蛋白的表达与肿瘤的侵袭、转移关系密切,β-catenin对间质中Tenascin的聚集具有抑制效应。     

TGFβ1及其受体在大鼠整胚及软骨雏形发育过程中的表达

目的 观察TGFβ1及TβRI、TβRII在大鼠整胚及软骨雏形中的表达,初步探讨它们与大鼠整胚及软骨雏形发育间可能的相互关系和作用机制.方法 半定量RT-PCR分析3种因子在13～17 d全胚中的变化情况;免疫组化法观察3种因子在13～17d软骨雏形中的表达及该组织发育结构特点.结果 半定量RT-PCR显示,3种因子在发育13～15 d表达呈递增趋势,16～17 d出现下降.免疫组化显示,TGFβ1主要位于软骨雏形内的软骨骨祖细胞,TβRI、TβRII即可位于软骨骨祖细胞内,也可位于软骨外周的膜上及软骨雏形周围的间质内.结论 TGFβ1及TβRI、TβRII在大鼠整胚及软骨雏形发育过程中可能起着重要的调控作用,尤其是对组织器官形态的发生.     

NRSE/RE-1 dsRNA诱导小鼠胚胎干细胞分化为NSE阳性的神经元样细胞

应用电打孔的方法将化学合成的NRSE/RE-1d sRNA转染小鼠胚胎干细胞,在去除LIF的条件下,直接接种培养,观察其分化情况,并对分化结果进行相关检测.结果显示分化细胞呈明显的神经样改变,免疫荧光显示NSE阳性率为（82.3±8.1）%.说明通过转染NRSE/RE-1d sRNA能有效地诱导小鼠胚胎干细胞向神经元细胞分化.     

LFA—1／ICAM—1在ConA诱导的小鼠胸腺细胞活化中的作用

用抗ＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１粘附分子单克隆抗体和ＣｏｎＡ联合刺激小鼠胸腺细胞,初步研究了该膜分子在经ＴＣＲ／ＣＤ３介导的胸腺细胞活化信号传导以及胸腺细胞亚群选择中的作用。在ＣｏｎＡ刺激系统中,抗ＡＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１单抗均能抑制胸腺细胞的增殖应答,且以抗ＬＦＡ－１单抗均能抑制胸腺细胞的增殖应答,且以抗ＬＦＡ－１单抗的作用更为显著,而在ＰＡＭ加钙离子载体Ａ２３１８７刺激体系中,抗ＬＦＡ－１单抗却     

TGF-β1对体外培养的关节软骨细胞的作用

以原代培养的软骨细胞为材料,研究了转化生长因子IGF－β1对关节软骨细胞的增殖和软骨特异性基质代谢的作用,结果显示TGF－β1可以刺激细胞外基质中蛋白多糖含量的增加,并可以在转录水平上调节Ⅱ型胶原的表达。TGF－β1可以在体外诱导高密度培养的软骨细胞形成透明软骨样结构。没有用TGF－β1处理的高密度培养细胞不能形成透明软骨样结构,在透射电镜下观察发现其内部结构发生了异常变化。这些结果表明TGF－β1对于支持关节软骨细胞的体外培养具有重要的作用。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ在胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞分化中的作用

为检测血管紧张素Ⅱ（angiotensin Ⅱ,AⅡ）对小鼠胚胎干细胞（embryonic stem cells,ESCs）向心肌细胞方向分化的作用,采用10-4 mol/L维生素C诱导小鼠R1胚胎干细胞分化为心肌细胞. Western印记检测胚胎干细胞诱导分化的心肌细胞中表达血管紧张素Ⅱ1 型受体(angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor,AT1R).诱导分化期间用1 μmol/L AⅡ刺激胚胎干细胞,计数搏动拟胚体的比例;诱导分化第14 d用real-time RT-PCR 和Western 印记检测心肌标志物的表达确定其作用. 结果显示,与对照组相比,1 μmol/L AⅡ处理组可显著增加搏动拟胚体的比例,上调心肌标志物mRNA的表达. 预先用1 μmol/L洛沙坦处理1 h后可显著阻碍这种上调作用. 本实验结果表明,AⅡ通过AT1R可促进小鼠R1胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞分化.     

肝癥口服液含药血清对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞TGFβ1/Smads信号转导通路的影响

目的观察肝癥口服液含药血清对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞TGFβ1/Smads信号转导通路的影响。方法以肝癌患者和健康志愿者服药前后血清培养人SMMC-7721肝癌细胞,应用RT-PCR和WesternBlotting方法观察含药血清对肝癌细胞SmadsmRNA及其蛋白表达的影响。结果肝癌患者肝癥口服液含药血清可增强Smad4mRNA及其蛋白表达,而抑制Smad7的过强表达,具有显著性差异;健康志愿者肝癥口服液含药血清可明显抑制肝癌细胞Smad7mRNA表达。结论解除TGFβ1/Smads信号转导通路过度受抑状态,可能是肝癥口服液抗癌的机制之一。     

MKP—1在血管紧张素Ⅱ导致心肌肥大反应中的调控作用

本研究主要从丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶－１（ＭＫＰ－１）角度,研究丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）信号途径在血管紧张素Ⅱ介导的新生大鼠心肌细胞肥大反应中的作用及调控机制。实验以心肌细胞蛋白合成速率、蛋白含量及细胞表面积作为心肌肥大反应的指标,以凝胶内ＭＢＰ原位磷酸化测定ＭＡＰＫ活性,以免疫印迹法（Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｏｌｔｔｉｎｇ）分别测定ＭＫＰ－１及磷酸化ｐ４４ＭＡＰＫ、ｐ４２ＭＡＰＫ蛋白表达。结果发     

Caveolin-1蛋白在171β-雌二醇抑制内皮素-1诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用

本工作旨在研究Caveolin-1在17β-雌二醇（17β-estradiol,E2)抑制内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1)诱导血管平滑肌细胞（vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs前后ET-1对DNA合成和caveolin-1蛋白表达的影响。结果显示,ET-1可以刺激VSMCs增殖。E2作用24h后,可明显抑制ET-1的上述作用。免疫荧光证实,在VSMCs上有cavellin-1分布,ET-1刺激VSMCs增殖的过程中,VSMCs上caveolin-1蛋白荧光强度下,而事称给予E2可逆转这种下降。Western bolt证实,ET-1可抑制caveolin-1蛋白的表达而E2则可增加caveolin-1蛋白的表达。以上结果表明E2抑制ET-1诱导的VSMCs增殖可能与其增加caveolin-1蛋白表达有关。     

白介素—1β对大鼠应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

本工作观察了人重组白介素１β（ＩＬ－１β）对大鼠束缚冷冻应激造成的胃粘膜损伤的影响。外周给予ＩＬ－１β后能防止胃粘膜损伤的形成,呈剂量依从关系。ＩＬ－１片段１６３－１７１对应激性胃粘膜损伤无明显影响。但巯基物质耗竭剂Ｎ－乙烯顺丁烯二酰亚胺（Ｎ－ｅｔｈｙｌｍａｌｅｉｍｉｄｅ）ｕｋ