A组轮状病毒实时定量PCR检测方法的研究进展

A组轮状病毒是引起婴幼儿急性肠胃炎的最主要病原之一。目前已建立的轮状病毒检测方法有电镜检测、酶免疫法、反转录PCR法、实时定量PCR法。实时定量PCR法与其他方法相比具有特异性强、敏感度高、可以分型、定量准确等优势。本文就实时定量(Real-time)PCR技术应用于A组RV检测的研究进展进行简单概述。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术及其在植物转基因产品检测中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术因其实时、快速、高效和准确定量的优点,已经广泛用于转基因产品定量检测。本文介绍荧光定量探针技术的原理、特点及其在植物转基因产品检测中的应用情况。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术及其应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是一种多色荧光检测核酸定量技术,该简要介绍实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理及其应用。     

实时荧光定量PCR及其在微生物生态学中的应用

定量描述微生物群落的组成,在微生物生态学的许多研究领域都是非常重要的。然而由于可培养技术的局限性,定量描述微生物群落成为比较困难的事情。最近包括PCR技术在内的分子生物学技术为人们提供了有力的工具,使对微生物群落的分布、丰度等有了进一步的了解。实时荧光定量PCR技术作为核酸定量检测技术,自从发明以来在微生物生态学研究中逐渐得到了广泛的应用。从微生物生态学角度,综述了实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、发展、优缺点及其在微生物生态学研究中的应用与研究进展,并探讨了实时荧光定量PCR技术的发展和应用前景。     

实时荧光定量PCR及其在传染性疾病检测中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术被广泛应用于实验研究、临床检测中。与普通的PCR相比,实时荧光定量PCR技术具有特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好、定量准确、速度快、全封闭反应等优点。我们综述了实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、定量方法,及其在传染性疾病检测研究中的应用。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术及其在昆虫学研究中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, FQ-PCR)是一种利用荧光信号实时监测体外DNA分子PCR复制过程中每个循环的扩增产物,从而实现对DNA模板进行定量分析的技术,具有准确、快速、灵敏、特异等优点,在动植物基因工程、动植物检疫、微生物鉴定与分类、食品安全检测和医学等领域中得到广泛应用。本文对实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、优缺点及近年来新的荧光探针的原理、类型进行了评述,并对实时荧光定量PCR技术在昆虫学研究中的应用进行了综述。     

实时定量PCR技术及其应用

实时定量PCR(Real—time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction,RQ—PCR)技术是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的一种新型核酸定量技术。该技术具有实时监测、快速、灵敏、精确等特点,是对原有PCR技术的革新,扩大了PCR的应用范围。本文综述了RQ—PCR技术的原理、RQ—PCR仪、RQ—PCR实时定量检测系统及其应用。     

实时定量PCR技术及应用

实时定量PCR(Real-tim e Quantitative Polym erase Chain Reaction,RQ-PCR),是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的基于PCR技术的利用不同的荧光检测来给核酸定量的技术。克服了传统PCR的许多不足,能准确敏感地检测模板浓度,DNA拷贝数和检测基因变异。综述了RQ-PCR技术的原理,RQ-PCR实时定量检测系统及应用。     

实时定量PCR发展概述

实时定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,简称qPCR)是一种通过荧光信号对PCR进程进行实时监测,并对未知模板进行定量分析的一种核酸定量技术,该技术在临床诊断和生命科学等多领域发挥着重要的作用。现就生物制品领域有着重要应用价值的中介探针聚合酶链反应(mediator probe polymerase chain reaction,MP PCR)和数字聚合酶链反应(digital polymerase chain reaction,dPCR)新技术加以介绍,同时也对qPCR技术中的关键因素(如参考基因选择和核酸质量评价)以及qPCR最低限度标准(minimum information for the publication of real-time quantitative PCR,MIQE)指南作一概述。     

实时荧光定量PCR在猪肺炎支原体检测中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是一种利用荧光检测方法来定量核酸的技术,具有高度的灵敏性、特异性和精确性.综述了荧光定量PCR技术的基本原理及其在猪肺炎支原体检测中的应用.     

Rapid detection of Yersinia pestis with multiplex real-time PCR assays using fluorescent hybridisation probes

The objective of the present study was to establish a system of real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for the specific detection of Yersinia pestis using the LightCycler (LC) instrument. Twenty-five strains of Y. pestis, 94 strains of other Yersinia species and 33 clinically relevant bacteria were investigated. Assays for the 16S rRNA gene target and the plasminogen activator gene (resides on the 9.5-kb plasmid) and for the Y. pestis murine toxin gene and the fraction 1 antigen gene (both on the 100-kb plasmid) were combined for the use in two multiplex assays including an internal amplification control detecting bacteriophage lambda-DNA. Applying these multiplex assays, Y. pestis was selectively identified; other bacteria yielded no amplification products. The lower limit of detection was approximately 0.1 genome equivalent. Rat or flea DNA had no inhibitory effects on the detection of Y. pestis. The results obtained using the multiplex real-time assays showed 100% accuracy when compared with combinations of conventional PCR assays. We developed and evaluated a highly specific real-time PCR strategy for the detection of Y. pestis, obtaining results within 3 h including DNA preparation.     

Real-time PCR detection of Biscogniauxia mediterranea in symptomless oak tissue

AIMS: Real-time PCR, based on TaqMan chemistry, was used to detect Biscogniauxia mediterranea, a fungal pathogen that after a long endophytic phase may cause charcoal disease in oak trees. METHODS AND RESULTS: Specific primers and probe were designed and tested on axenic cultures of B. mediterranea and other fungi commonly colonizing oaks. Twig samples were collected in Tuscany from apparently healthy oaks (Quercus cerris, Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens) growing near trees infected with the fungus. Twigs were divided into two groups: one for isolation in agar plates, and one for real-time PCR after DNA extraction. The detection limit of the assay was 0.01 pg/DNA, whereas the amounts of fungal DNA detected in asymptomatic tissue were >0.5 pg microg(-1) total DNA extracted. In the apparently healthy twigs the frequency of isolation found on agar was 25.0%, much lower than that with real-time PCR (96.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Real-time PCR is a sensitive and fast technique able to specifically detect and quantify the DNA of B. mediterranea in oak tissue. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This diagnostic method is a precise tool to localize fungi in symptomless plant tissues and promises to advance our understanding of fungal infection during their latent phase.     

Application of real-time PCR for quantitative detection of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry, milk and environmental water

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading human food-borne pathogen. The rapid and sensitive detection of C. jejuni is necessary for the maintenance of a safe food/water supply. In this article, we present a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for quantitative detection of C. jejuni in naturally contaminated poultry, milk and environmental samples without an enrichment step. The whole assay can be completed in 60 min with a detection limit of approximately 1 CFU. The standard curve correlation coefficient for the threshold cycle versus the copy number of initial C. jejuni cells was 0.988. To test the PCR system, a set of 300 frozen chicken meat samples, 300 milk samples and 300 water samples were screened for the presence of C. jejuni. 30.6% (92/300) of chicken meat samples, 27.3% (82/300) of milk samples, and 13.6% (41/300) of water samples tested positive for C. jejuni. This result indicated that the real-time PCR assay provides a specific, sensitive and rapid method for quantitative detection of C. jejuni. Moreover, it is concluded that retail chicken meat, raw milk and environmental water are commonly contaminated with C. jejuni and could serve as a potential risk for consumers in eastern China, especially if proper hygienic and cooking conditions are not maintained.     

Detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Planta by a Real-time PCR Assay

Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a very serious disease on oilseed rape worldwide. In this study, a pair of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers was designed based on the nucleotide sequence of a DNA region amplified by a microsatellite primer M13. The primer pair amplified a 252-bp fragment from all S. sclerotiorum isolates collected from oilseed rapes at different locations in different years, but not from any other fungus tested. Using this pair of primers, a real-time PCR assay was developed to rapidly detect early infection of S. sclerotiorum on petals of oilseed rape. The real-time PCR assay developed in this study could help growers make a timely decision on fungicide application.     

牙菌斑形成早期微生物定植规律的定量PCR研究

目的观察牙面彻底清洁后24 h内牙面上定植的变异链球菌、伴放线放线杆菌和总微生物的数量变化。方法 8名健康成人接受全口洁治后,分别于6、12和24 h收集龈上菌斑,提取菌斑内细菌的基因组DNA。设计变异链球菌、伴放线放线杆菌和总菌特异性引物,获得目的基因,克隆于大肠埃希菌DH5α感受态细胞,测序后获得质粒标准品。将样本和梯度稀释的质粒标准品进行SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测,绘制标准曲线,确定样本中变异链球菌、伴放线放线杆菌和总菌DNA拷贝数。结果牙面彻底清洁6 h后即有大量变异链球菌定植,变异链球菌拷贝数占总菌的0.32%,24 h后增加到0.67%。12 h时定植的变异链球菌拷贝数高于6 h,差异有统计学意义（P=0.031）,24 h后继续增加（P=0.024）。12 h时定植的总菌拷贝数高于6 h,差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）,24 h后继续增加（P=0.042）。牙菌斑中伴放线放线杆菌的拷贝数低于103。结论早期牙菌斑中12 h定植的变异链球菌和总菌数量高于6 h,且24 h内不断增加,仅有少量伴放线放线杆菌定植。     

Application of PCR for detection and identification of mycoplasma contamination in virus stocks

Summary A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect and identify mycoplasma contaminants in viral stocks. The results of the PCR assay proved to be a sensitive and accurate indicator of the true status of the stock tested. Those samples positive by agar culture or Hoechst stain were also positive by PCR. Those samples that were inconclusive by Hoechst stain (10.05%) could be clearly determined to be mycoplasma positive or negative by PCR. The PCR assay also detected those fastidious species of mycoplasma that gave false negative results by the direct culture method. In many respects the PCR-based mycoplasma detection method described is superior to the agar culture and Hoechst staining detection methods. In this study, the PCR assay detected substantially more mycoplasma-positive viral stocks than did the agar culture assay. Due to its speed, sensitivity, and reliability, the PCR assay is of particular value in monitoring the process of removing mycoplasma from contaminated stocks. Furthermore, the PCR amplification products can be analyzed by restriction analysis to rapidly identify the species of the mycoplasma contaminating the stock tested.     

Rapid genotypic detection of Bacillus anthracis and the Bacillus cereus group by multiplex real-time PCR melting curve analysis

Bacillus anthracis has four plasmid possible virulence genotypes: pXO1+/pXO2+, pXO1+/pXO2-, pXO1-/pXO2+ or pXO1-/pXO2-. Due to the lack of a specific chromosomal marker for B. anthracis, differentiation of the pXO1-/pXO2- form of B. anthracis from closely related Bacillus cereus group species is difficult. In this study, we evaluate the ability of sspE, pXO1 and pXO2 primers to discriminate individual B. anthracis and the B. cereus group genotypes using multiplex real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. Optimal conditions for successful multiplex assays have been established. Purified DNAs from 38 bacterial strains including 11 strains of B. anthracis and 18 B. cereus group strains were analyzed. Nine of the B. cereus group near-neighbor strains were shown by multilocus sequence typing to be phylogenetically proximate to the B. anthracis clade. We have demonstrated that the four plasmid genotypes of B. anthracis and B. cereus group near-neighbors were differentially and simultaneously discriminated by this assay.     

Development of a TaqMan quantitative PCR assay specific for Cryptosporidium parvum

A rapid detection method that is both quantitative and specific for the water-borne human parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is reported. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with fluorescent TaqMan technology was used to develop this sensitive and accurate assay. The selected primer-probe set identified a 138-bp section specific to a C. parvum genomic DNA sequence. The method was optimized on a cloned section of the target DNA sequence, then evaluated on C. parvum oocyst dilutions. Quantification was accomplished by comparing the fluorescence signals obtained from test samples of C. parvum oocysts with those obtained from standard dilutions of C. parvum oocysts. This real-time PCR assay allowed reliable quantification of C. parvum oocysts over six orders of magnitude with a baseline sensitivity of six oocysts in 2 h.