分批异养培养小球藻光密度值与干重的关系

在小球藻的分批异养培养过程中,培养液的细胞浊度（ＯＤ）与细胞干重（ＤＷ）的关系受培养条件和培养过程的影响很大,在实验中,干重与光密度值的比值在０．５３～０．２８ｇ／ＯＤ·Ｌ间变化。因此在小球藻分批异养培养过程中,培养液藻生物量检测采用单一的ＤＷ与ＯＤ换算常数用ＯＤ来推算细胞的干重则会产生较大的误差。     

植物激素在小球藻异养培养中的作用

本文研究了几种植物激素对小球藻异养培养的影响。结果表明,IAA、IBA及6-BA三种植物激素均不同程度地促进了小球藻的异养生长,培养≤36h时,IAA或IBA以20mg／L的促进小球藻异养生长的效应最大,100mg／L IAA或IBA则抑制了藻的生长;>36h时,100mg／L IAA或IBA表现出促进小球藻生长的效应,并最终获最大净A540增长量;6-BA以0.1 mg／L的促进作用最大。IBA与6-BA组合同样表现出促进小球藻异养生长的效应,但并非IBA和6-BA简单的加合效应,5 mg／LIBA与6-BA组合的效应维持6-BA单因子的作用趋势,20mg／LIBA与lmg/L6-BA组合的效应大于与0.1mg／L6-BA组合的,100mg／LIBA与0.1mg／L6-BA组合的效应在≤36h时大于与1mg／L6-BA组合的,>36h时则相反。另外,高浓度IBA(≥20mg／L)与6-BA组合抑制了前中期异养藻对葡萄糖的吸收,但加速了中后期葡萄的吸收。再者,IBA与6-BA组合加速了异养小球藻对No-3的吸收。     

植物激素在小球藻异养培养中的作用

本文研究了几种植物激素对小球藻异养培养的影响。结果表明 ,IAA、IBA及 6_BA三种植物激素均不同程度地促进了小球藻的异养生长 ,培养≤ 36h时 ,IAA或IBA以 2 0mg/L的促进小球藻异养生长的效应最大 ,1 0 0mg/LIAA或IBA则抑制了藻的生长 ;>36h时 ,1 0 0mg/LIAA或IBA表现出促进小球藻生长的效应 ,并最终获最大净A540 增长量 ;6_BA以 0 1mg/L的促进作用最大。IBA与 6_BA组合同样表现出促进小球藻异养生长的效应 ,但并非IBA和 6_BA简单的加合效应 ,5mg/LIBA与 6_BA组合的效应维持 6_BA单因子的作用趋势 ,2 0mg/LIBA与 1mg/L 6_BA组合的效应大于与 0 .1mg/L 6_BA组合的 ,1 0 0mg/LIBA与 0 .1mg/L 6_BA组合的效应在≤ 36h时大于与 1mg/L 6_BA组合的 ,>36h时则相反。另外 ,高浓度IBA(≥ 2 0mg/L)与 6_BA组合抑制了前中期异养藻对葡萄糖的吸收 ,但加速了中后期葡萄的吸收。再者 ,IBA与 6_BA组合加速了异养小球藻对NO_3 的吸收。     

谷氨酸对异养培养小球藻生长的影响

在不添加其他氮源的小球藻异养培养基中,谷氨酸可促进小球藻的生长,但基本不增加叶绿素的合成;在以铵盐为氮源时,谷氨酸可明显促进小球藻对铵盐的利用,促进小球藻生物量增加和叶绿素合成;在以硝酸盐为氮源时,谷氨酸可增加小球藻的生物量,对叶绿素含量无明显影响。     

分批异养培养小球藻光密度值与干重的关系*

在小球藻的分批异养培养过程中,培养液的细胞浊度（ＯＤ）与细胞干重（ＤＷ）的关系受培养条件和培养过程的影响很大,在实验中,干重与光密度值的比值在０．５３～０．２８ｇ／ＯＤ·Ｌ间变化。因此在小球藻分批异养培养过程中,培养液藻生物量检测采用单一的ＤＷ与ＯＤ换算常数用ＯＤ来推算细胞的干重则会产生较大的误差。     

小球藻的异养培养及应用前景

介绍了小球藻异养培养的营养需求,条件控制以及应用前景。     

PP333用于藻类培养影响异养小球藻的生长及蛋白质含量

用植物生长物质PS333处理异养小球藻,研究了PP333对异养小球藻的生长及蛋白质含量的影响,实验结果表明,PP333能抑制异养小球藻的生长,同时也能显著提高小球藻的蛋白质含量,选取适当浓度的PP333处理异养小球藻可达到小球藻的细胞密度较高,其蛋白质含量又接近自养水平的目的。用50mg/L PP333处理异养小球藻,摇瓶批次培养时,小球藻的蛋白质含量与生物量分别为47.88%和3.60g/L,而对照的分别为37.34%和4.21g/L,摇瓶分批流加培养时,小球藻的蛋白质含量与生物量分别为50.96%和6.97g/L,而对照的分别为38.56%和10.99g/L,蛋白质量促进率和生物量抑制率摇瓶批次培养时分别为28.2%和14.5%,摇瓶分批流加培养时分别达32.2%和36.6%。     

小球藻的异养生长及培养条件优化

对小球藻异养培养中的碳源、氮源、微量元素—镁离子以及其他培养条件的影响进行了探讨 ,并测定了小球藻的生长曲线。优化结果 :C∶ N为 4∶ 1～ 5∶ 1 ,硫酸镁的量为 1 g/L;培养条件为 :p H6～ 7,接种量1 0 % ,温度 3 0°C。在此条件下 ,异养培养小球藻 ,其 OD值可达 1 8,蛋白质为 3 0 % ,叶绿素含量为 1 .2 %。     

定向驯化对异养蛋白核小球藻硒的耐受性及富集能力的影响

硒(Se)是生物体必不可少的微量元素,硒缺乏会导致人产生克山病、大骨节病等疾病,缺硒也会给畜牧业带来巨大损失。目前的补硒产品存在硒含量和生物利用度低、安全性差等问题,而通过小球藻培养可获得生物利用度高、安全性好的有机硒,因此是非常有应用前景的补硒产品。首先,为了获得对硒的耐受性和富集能力更强的藻种,研究通过定向驯化的方式逐步提高培养基中Na₂SeO₃浓度来驯化蛋白核小球藻,并对驯化时间和驯化过程中Na₂SeO₃的浓度梯度进行了优化。结果表明,驯化后的藻种对硒的耐受性和富集能力明显提高。在5L发酵罐中,驯化后的藻株可以耐受40mg/L的Na₂SeO₃,胞内有机硒合成速率提高了175.6%。之后,在5L发酵罐中进一步优化了硒的补加方式,在异养培养过程中分批补料添加40mg/LNa₂SeO₃时,最终获得的蛋白核小球藻细胞干重达106.4g/L,有机硒含量为1227mg/kg,有机硒合成速率为1.36mg/(L·h)。研究结果与已有蛋白核小球藻异养富硒文献报道的最高细胞密度75g/L和最高有机硒含量560mg/kg相比分别提高了41.9%和119.1%。上述结果表明,通过定向驯化的方法,可大大提高蛋白核小球藻对硒的耐受性和富集能力。     

GA_3、6-BA、IBA与活性炭对李胚萌发及幼苗生长影响

正交试验结果表明,李胚萌发及幼苗生长的最佳培养基是含有10mg/L的GA_3、5mg/L的6-BA、0.5mg/L的IBA和200mg/L的AC(活性炭),仅培养10d即获得全部萌发且根、茎生长均正常的试管苗。对胚萌发的影响大小依次为GA_3(?)6-BA、AC、IBA,对幼苗生长的影响大小依次为AC、GA_3、6-BA、IBA。     

Optimization of culture media for large‐scale lutein production by heterotrophic Chlorella vulgaris

Lutein is a carotenoid with a purported role in protecting eyes from oxidative stress, particularly the high‐energy photons of blue light. Statistical optimization was performed to growth media that supports a higher production of lutein by heterotrophically cultivated Chlorella vulgaris. The effect of media composition of C. vulgaris on lutein was examined using fractional factorial design (FFD) and central composite design (CCD). The results indicated that the presence of magnesium sulfate, EDTA‐2Na, and trace metal solution significantly affected lutein production. The optimum concentrations for lutein production were found to be 0.34 g/L, 0.06 g/L, and 0.4 mL/L for MgSO₄·7H₂O, EDTA‐2Na, and trace metal solution, respectively. These values were validated using a 5‐L jar fermenter. Lutein concentration was increased by almost 80% (139.64 ± 12.88 mg/L to 252.75 ± 12.92 mg/L) after 4 days. Moreover, the lutein concentration was not reduced as the cultivation was scaled up to 25,000 L (260.55 ± 3.23 mg/L) and 240,000 L (263.13 ± 2.72 mg/L). These observations suggest C. vulgaris as a potential lutein source. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:736–743, 2014     

Optimization for high-density cultivation of heterotrophic Chlorella based on a hybrid neural network model

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable hybrid neural network (HNN) model for heterotrophic growth of Chlorella, based on which optimization for fed-batch (FB) cultivation of Chlorella may be successfully realized. METHODS AND RESULTS: Deterministic kinetic model was preliminarily developed for the optimization of FB cultivation of Chlorella. The highest biomass concentration and the maximum productivity were obtained as: 104.9 g l(-1) dry cell weight and 0.613 g l(-1) h(-1), respectively. After several cultivations had been performed, an HNN model was developed. The efficiency of biomass production was further increased by the optimization using this model. The highest biomass concentration and the maximum productivity attained was: 116.2 g l(-1) dry cell weight and 1.020 g l(-1) h(-1), respectively. CONCLUSION: The HNN model agreed well with experimental results in different cultivations. Comparison between the HNN model and the deterministic model showed that the former had better generalization ability, which made it a reliable tool in modelling and optimization. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The high cell density and productivity of biomass obtained in this study is of significance for the commercial cultivation of Chlorella. The simple and efficient optimization strategy proposed in this paper may be employed in heterotrophic mass culture of Chlorella as well as other similar organisms.     

磁处理对小球藻超微结构的影响

用透射电镜研究在不同强度磁场处理下,小球藻超微结构的变化。结果显示:磁处理强度不同,小球藻细胞亚显微结构变化程度不同。细胞壁、叶绿体、线粒体和液泡等部位是受磁处理影响的主要部位。研究发现在较高强度磁处理下,出现质壁分离,类囊体结构轻微破坏,液泡和线粒体增加,能量物质积累等现象,影响小球藻的正常代谢。     

热带普通小球藻培养模式的筛选及其培养基的优化

【背景】从海南热带海区中分离得到一株微藻,其生长速度快、适应力强,经鉴定该微藻为普通小球藻。【目的】提高热带普通小球藻的生长速率。【方法】以"宁波大学3#微藻培养液配方"为基础培养液,分别添加有机碳(C6H12O6和CH3COONa)对热带普通小球藻进行自养、兼养及异养培养,获得促进热带普通小球藻快速生长的培养方式。在"宁波大学3#微藻培养液配方"的基础上对热带普通小球藻的兼养培养基配方进行优化,并用优化兼养培养基与"宁波大学3#微藻培养基"对比培养热带普通小球藻。【结果】添加6 g/L CH3COONa的兼养模式促进热带普通小球藻生长效果最好;优化的兼养培养基配方为:6 g/L CH3COONa,20 mg/L(NH4)2SO4-N,5 mg/L Na H2PO4-P,3 mg/L Fe SO4-Fe,1 mg/L Vitamin B1和0.000 5 mg/L Vitamin B12。对比培养实验结果显示,培养第6天,兼养培养液收获的生物量(细胞密度)达4.20×107 cells/m L,是"宁波大学3#配方微藻培养液"的2.30倍。【结论】兼养培养模式为热带普通小球藻的最佳培养模式,优化的兼养培养基极显著地提高了热带普通小球藻的生物量(P0.01)。     

NAA和6-BA对蝴蝶兰原球茎增殖的影响(简报)

以"瑞丽美人"蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis wilsonii)幼嫩花梗侧芽为外植体诱导原球茎,在附加6组不同浓度植物生长调节剂的MS培养基进行原球茎增殖培养。结果表明,添加6-BA 2.0mg/L、6-BA 0.5mg/L NAA 1.0mg/L、NAA 2.0mg/L的繁殖系数较高,均达4倍以上,其中6-BA 0.5mg/L NAA 1.0mg/L的增殖效果最明显,繁殖系数达4.806;体积大的接种外植体比体积小的繁殖系数高;5%椰乳有利于原球茎增殖。     

Investigation of mixotrophic,heterotrophic, and autotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris under agricultural waste medium

Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and its lipid production were investigated under autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic conditions. Cheap agricultural waste molasses and corn steep liquor from industries were used as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris grew remarkably under this agricultural waste medium, which resulted in a reduction in the final cost of the biodiesel production. Maximum dry weight of 2.62 g L^?1 was obtained in mixotrophic growth with the highest lipid concentration of 0.86 g L^?1. These biomass and lipid concentrations were, respectively, 140% and 170% higher than autotrophic growth and 300% and 1200% higher than heterotrophic growth. In mixotrophic growth, independent or simultaneous occurrence of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms was investigated. The growth of the microalgae was observed to take place first heterotrophically to a minimum substrate concentration with a little fraction in growth under autotrophic metabolism, and then the cells grew more autotrophically. It was found that mixotrophic growth was not a simple combination of heterotrophic and autotrophic growth.     

Effect of nanoparticle on cellular growth and lipid production in Chlorella vulgaris culture

Magnetic cobalt ferrite/silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and methyl functionalized MSNs (methyl‐MSNs) were used to enhance lipid production in Chlorella vulgaris culture through enhancement of gas‐water mass transfer and increased dissolved concentration of CO₂. Methyl‐MSNs enhanced CO₂–water mass transfer rate better than MSNs, and 0.3 wt% methyl‐MSNs are more effective than 0.1 wt% MSNs. In the cultivation experiment, 0.3 wt% methyl‐MSNs yielded the highest dry cell weight and subsequently, the highest mass transfer rate. However, enhancement of mass transfer rate did not increase lipid content. The volumetric lipid productivity in C. vulgaris culture depends not only on intracellular lipid content but also on the cell mass concentration. Consequently, 0.1 wt% methyl‐MSNs yielded the highest volumetric lipid productivity in C. vulgaris cultivation. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:929–933, 2018     

不同光质对小球藻光自养培养积累油脂的影响

研究了5种光质对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)M209256生长和产油的影响。结果表明:蓝光为小球藻的最适生长和产油光质;与其他光质相比,蓝光培养的小球藻生物量和油脂含量均较高,为2.40×107个/mL和28%;红光培养的小球藻生长最慢且油脂含量最低,为1.32×107个/mL和15.13%,表现出明显的"红降"现象。在GCMS分析的基础上,对油脂甲酯化后的十六烷值进行评估,结果发现:蓝光的十六烷值最高;5种光质培养的小球藻所产油脂,甲酯十六烷值均在47以上。因此,小球藻油脂所制备的生物柴油具有较好的燃烧性能。     

硒胁迫对小球藻光合色素含量和生长的影响

50 mg/L的硒胁迫下,小球藻中β-胡萝卜素、类叶黄素、叶绿素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b)的含量先明显增加,之后逐渐下降;而在800 mg/L硒胁迫下,各种光合色素含量均明显下降;小球藻活体细胞在693 nm处出现叶绿素a的吸收峰,其吸收值在硒胁迫后明显减弱;在室温荧光发射光谱中,700 nm处的发射峰随着硒浓度的增加而显著下降;荧光激发光谱表明:硒胁迫使小球藻的能量传递受阻,传递效率降低;藻体中水溶性蛋白含量随着硒胁迫的增强而下降.等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)研究结果表明:随着硒浓度增加,藻体中Mg2 、Ca2 、K 和Na 含量呈明显降低趋势,而培养液中这些离子的浓度则不断增加.