蜻蜓目昆虫资源价值

从内禀价值、生态价值、经济价值和社会价值四个层次,总结和探讨了蜻蜓目昆虫资源价值.蜻蜓目昆虫是古老而进化成功的昆虫,遗传资源丰富,是生态系统中不可或缺的消费者,也是优良的生态环境指示生物,适用于对水陆环境的评价;作为食用昆虫优质原料、中医动物药原材料、天敌昆虫生防资源和未来科技仿生对象,可为人类创造较好的经济价值;还与...     

井冈山自然保护区蜻蜓目昆虫资源调查

为明确井冈山自然保护区蜻蜓目昆虫种质资源和群落特征,为蜻蜓目昆虫资源的保护和合理利用提供理论依据,2018-2021年在井冈山自然保护区选取长古岭（海拔470 m左右）、大井（海拔930 m左右）、黄洋界（海拔1 200 m左右）3个不同海拔样地开展蜻蜓资源调查。采用Simpson优势集中性指数、Pielon均匀度指数、Berger-Parker优势度指数和ShannonWiener多样性指数对3个样地的蜻蜓进行多样性分析。共采集到标本483只,隶属于2亚目8科16属23种,其中蜻科（Libellulidae）占据绝对优势,属数和种数分别占总数的37.50%和56.52%;大井和黄洋界的群落结构指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）,大井和黄洋界的多样性指数、均匀度指数均显著高于长古岭（P<0.05）,而优势度指数、优势集中性指数则显著低于长古岭（P <0.05）。结果表明井冈山自然保护区内海拔较低的长古岭蜻蜓目昆虫群落的多样性较低,但优势种的地位更为突出。     

分子遗传标记技术在蜻蜓目昆虫研究中的应用

分子生物学技术应用于昆虫系统学研究在近些年发展相当迅速。目前已出现了几十种分子遗传标记。该文简述了酯酶同工酶电泳、核酸序列分析以及AFLP、RAPD、核酸探针等分子生物学技术在蜻蜓目昆虫研究中的应用情况。     

江西省海会地区蜻蜓目昆虫区系分析

2004-2005年对江西海会地区蜻蜓资源进行了调查。标本经鉴定,初步确定海会地区蜻蜓目昆虫共计2亚目、10科、35属、52种,其中31种是江西省新记录。其区系组成的特点是：东洋成分占明显优势,有34种,约占总数的65．4％;古北区的种类相对较少,有16种,约占总数的30．8％。     

鹞落坪蜻蜓目昆虫区系及多样性研究

2010-2011年对安徽鹞落坪自然保护区的蜻蜓目昆虫区系及多样性进行了抽样调查研究.通过标本采集、制作和鉴定,分析了该地区蜻蜓目昆虫的区系特点、多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度系数.共采集蜻蜓标本18941号,12科53种,其中以蜻科Liberllulidea最多共13属26种,优势种为黄蜻Pantala flavesens flavesens Fabricius.区系分析结果支持研究地属于东洋界和古北交界过渡地带.结合不同生境物种数、多样性和均匀度分析,研究结果表明蜻蜓分布受环境中水域和植被的分布特点影响.研究结果还表明蜻蜓物种数、多样性指数、均匀度指数随着海拔的升高而降低.与周边地区蜻蜓研究的相关结果对比,鹞落坪地区蜻蜓具有物种数多,多样性、均匀度偏低的特点.     

北京地区的蜻蜓

蜻蜓是昆虫纲中比较原始的有翅种类,自上个世纪20年代就有关于北京蜻蜓的文献记载．北京地区已知的蜻蜓目昆虫隶属于两个亚目9科50余种。这些种类在北京地区的山地溪流、平原水域栖息。蜻蜓目昆虫在生活史中跨水陆两栖,它们的分布和数量与水质有密切关系．可以为本地区的水质监测提供资料。     

江苏蜻蜓区系及多样性

2005-2010年,在江苏一些比较适合蜻蜓生长的水域附近进行了蜻蜓采集,用静观和网捕法记录采集路线两侧各20m范围内的蜻蜓,鉴定统计后分析其区系成分及多样性.结果表明:江苏地区现有蜻蜓53种,隶属于11科35属;古北-东洋种类较多,有18种,占总数的33.96%;古北界种类相对较少,只有5种,约占总数的9.43%;江苏地区蜻蜓的多样性指数为3.108,均匀度指数为0.782,优势度指数为0.169,优势集中性指数为0.072;南京和连云港地区蜻蜓的物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,优势集中性指数最低,这可能与这两地生境的多样性相对较高、适宜蜻蜓生存的生境多有关.     

中文蜻蜓常用名称考

在我国,蜻蜓有多种名称,目前仍在使用的有蜻蜓、蜻蛉、水虿、、豆娘等。它们当中,有些是源自蜻蜓类昆虫的体色,如“蜻、”;有些是由蜻蜓的身体形状而来,如“蜓、蛉、水虿”。而“豆娘”出现最晚,应用时间也最短。中文之“豆娘”与日文中的“豆娘”关系甚为复杂,目前尚无定论。     

我国昆虫资源的开发利用

本文从食用昆虫,药用昆虫,工业用昆虫,农林牧用昆虫,观赏昆虫五个方面,简要概述了昆虫资源在我国的开发利用情况。     

贵州茂兰自然保护区蜻蜓多样性初步研究

2011年7月在贵州茂兰自然保护区的一些比较适合蜻蜓生长的水域附近进行了蜻蜓采集,用静观和网捕法记录采集路线两侧各20m范围内的蜻蜓,鉴定统计后分析其区系成分及多样性.结果表明:1)贵州茂兰地区现有蜻蜓65种,隶属于11科42属;2)东洋界种类较多,有31种,占总数的47.69％;古北界种类相对较少,只有1种,约占总数的1.54％;3)贵州茂兰地区蜻蜓的多样性指数为2.8617,均匀度指数为0.6855,优势度指数为0.1385,优势集中性指数为0.1006;4)5个样点之间的相似性指数均在30％ ～55％之间,且只有捞村与翁昂为53.41％,捞村52.77％大于板王50％,这可能与茂兰地区生境的多样性相对较高,适宜蜻蜓生存的生境多有关.     

Gut microbiome of three species of Odonata

The influence of diet and host specificity on the fecal microbiome of three adult dragonfly species, Pseudothemis zonata, Orthetrum lineostigma, and Orthetrum melania, was investigated. The fecal bacterial communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and stable isotope analysis was used to investigate their food sources. The results showed significant differences in the composition of fecal bacterial communities among the three species, with host specificity potentially playing a more important role than diet. The dominant phyla in the fecal bacterial communities of all three species were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Shannon index, and phylogenetic diversity index were not significantly different among the three species, indicating that there were no major differences in the diversity of the fecal bacterial communities. The stable isotope analysis showed that the food sources were similar among the three species, being primarily small insects found near the aquatic habitats. However, the fecal bacterial communities of two closely related species, O. lineostigma and O. melania, were different despite their similar food sources. In contrast, the fecal bacterial communities of O. lineostigma and P. zonata were similar, despite the different food sources of these two species. Our findings suggest that host specificity and diet can influence the composition of the intestinal microbiome in these insects, but the degree of influence may depend on the specific host and environmental conditions.     

广西大明山蜻蜓调查

2011年8月对广西大明山的蜻蜓物种资源进行了调查。结果表明广西大明山蜻蜓种类隶属2亚目11科46种,差翅亚目Anisoptera4科27种,束翅亚目Zygoptera7科19种。其中广西新纪录种8种(亚种)。     

The controlling factors limiting maximum body size of insects

The purpose of this study is to consider the controlling factors limiting maximum body size of insects. For this analysis, we set up and quantitatively verify the following working hypothesis: insect body sizes can be explained only by the historical changes in the oxygen supply. The present study focuses on the body size of the Protodonata and Odonata. The amount of oxygen needed and that of oxygen entering the insect body was calculated using allometric equations. The theoretical maximum sizes at each geologic time were estimated from palaeo‐atmospheric oxygen partial pressure and compared with the maximum size of known fossilized insects. The historical change in fossilized insect sizes was much larger than that in theoretical sizes. Additionally, from the Jurassic, despite an increase in the partial pressure of oxygen, which would theoretically increase maximum size, the maximum size of fossilized insects became smaller. These findings are inconsistent with the expectations of the working hypothesis. Oxygen supply is likely to partially limit the maximum size of insects with additional factors.     

蜻蜓目高级阶元系统发育关系研究进展

综述了对蜻蜓目系统发育的研究。对一些规模较大较全面的研究结果做了描述,并对其进行比较;对最近的基于分子的和基于形态的研究的共同点做了总结,其共同支持的观点包括:束翅亚目处于分支的基部为一并系类群,差翅亚目与间翅亚目关系较近。     

Feasting on insects

Insects are an important natural resource, both for self-sufficiency and as commercial food products in many parts of the world. The use of edible insects reflects regional preferences and socio-cultural significance, which can be described in terms of regional differences. This study describes some edible insects in three regions: Japan, Southeast Asia and Southern Africa, and focuses on systems of traditional practices as the socio-cultural implications of people's preferences regarding edible insects. The case studies presented here describe such insect-related customs as the continuation of the traditional practice of insect eating in Japan, Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. These case studies describe the uniqueness or special characteristics of the custom, and the significance of its existence in the social sphere. Edible insects are regarded as cultural resources reflecting a rich biodiversity. They represent an alternative source of natural food resources in remote or mountainous areas. People who eat insects have established a broad variety of methods for collecting and cooking the rich diversity of edible insect species that are available. However, increases in demand could lead to competition and overexploitation, resulting in the future decline of these resources. In areas affected by overdevelopment, insect habitats are also likely to decline. It is necessary to raise people's awareness of the importance of the use of insects for food in order to ensure that insects are used in a sustainable manner, and to promote their proper use and conservation.     

江西省庐山地区蜻蜓多样性的研究

于2004~2005年对江西庐山地区蜻蜓资源进行调查,通过对春、夏、秋三季蜻蜓多样性的研究,共收集蜻蜓1145只,隶属于10科、35属、52种。种类个体数量均表现为夏季最多,春季次之,秋季最少;属数和科数也是以夏季最多,春季次之,秋季最少。三季多样性指数(H′)的排序为春季(2.7603)>夏季(2.6420)>秋季(2.5601)。     

The sense of smell in Odonata: An electrophysiological screening

Volatile chemicals mediate a great range of intra- and interspecific signalling and information in insects. Olfaction has been widely investigated mostly in Neoptera while the knowledge of this sense in most basal insects such as Paleoptera (Odonata and Ephemeroptera) is still poor. In the present study we show the results of an electrophysiological screening on two model species, Libellula depressa (Libellulidae) and Ischnura elegans (Coenagrionidae), representatives of the two Odonata suborders Anisoptera and Zygoptera, with the aim to deep the knowledge on the sense of smell of this insect order. The antennal olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of these two species responded to the same 22 compounds (out of 48 chemicals belonging to different functional groups) encompassing mostly amines, carboxylic acids or aldehydes and belonging to green leaf volatiles, vertebrate related volatiles and volatiles emitted by standing waters bacteria. The properties of Odonata OSNs are very similar to those of ionotropic receptors (IRs) expressing OSNs in other insects.