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1.
综述了药用石斛内生菌的分离鉴定以及与宿主互作关系等方面的国内外研究进展。在介绍药用石斛内生真菌、内生细菌的基础上,结合本课题组前期对石斛内生细菌做出的相关研究工作,对其研究发展思路进行了展望,为开发安全有效的微生物菌肥、中医药产品、新资源功能性食品,合理利用药用石斛资源提供科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
植物内生菌及其开发应用研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
内生菌是一类新的微生物资源,能够产生多种生物活性物质,具有重大的研究价值,开发前景广阔。本文介绍了植物内生菌的概念和分布,并阐述了植物内生菌在国内外医药、农业领域的开发应用研究现状,旨在为进一步研究植物内生菌提供新的思路。  相似文献   

3.
植物内生菌的开发与研究进展   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
植物的内生菌是巨大的资源宝库,具有重大的研究和开发价值。对近年来植物内生菌的开发与研究进展进行了综述,包括内生菌的起源、分布特点、分离方法,内生菌在医药、生物防治、对污染物的降解等开发与应用方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

4.
铁皮石斛内生真菌研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目前已经从不同生境的铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)中分离到内生真菌252株,这些内生真菌涵盖了真菌门(Eumycota;Mycobionta)5个亚门中的半知菌亚门(Deuterornycotina)、担子菌亚门(Basidiomycotina)和子囊菌亚门(Ascomycotina)等3个亚门,已经鉴定的内生真菌分属于48个属。有些内生真菌对铁皮石斛的种子萌发和植株生长均有促进作用。对铁皮石斛内生真菌的多样性和分类、铁皮石斛内生菌与宿主的关系进行了综述,探讨研究中存在的问题, 并对今后研究方向提出建议。  相似文献   

5.
综述了石斛碱的药用功效、检测方法、含量分布规律以及合成途径等方面的研究进展,并针对存在的主要问题提出解决方案,为石斛碱的进一步开发利用提供研究思路。  相似文献   

6.
桃儿七的主要活性成分是鬼臼毒素,在医药领域具有重要的应用价值。目前商用桃儿七主要来自野生资源,过度采挖已造成桃儿七在世界范围内濒临灭绝。综述了桃儿七的植物学特性,以及近年来通过细胞工程(组织培养、人工快繁、大规模细胞培养、毛状根培养)和内生菌发酵等生物技术手段生产鬼臼毒素的研究进展及存在的问题,旨在为该领域今后的相关研究提供背景资料。  相似文献   

7.
药用石斛生物技术的研究概况   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
本文就近年来国内外有关药用斛生物技术方面的研究进行了简要综述,重点对组织培养技术、基因工程技术在药用石斛中的研究进行了评述,同时提出了今后药用石斛生物技术发展的前景。  相似文献   

8.
植物内生菌主要包括细菌、真菌和放线菌.放线菌的次生代谢产物,如抗生素、有机酸、生物碱等,在抗癌药物、新型抗生素、植物促生剂、生物农药、纳米新材料等领域取得了一系列研究成果.内生放线菌在生态农业、食品工业、制药工业和环境治理等方面扮演重要角色.本文简要概述了目前植物内生放线菌的研究成果,讨论了存在的问题和发展方向.  相似文献   

9.
植物内生放线菌研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
植物内生菌主要包括细菌、真菌和放线菌。放线菌的次生代谢产物,如抗生素、有机酸、生物碱等,在抗癌药物、新型抗生素、植物促生剂、生物农药、纳米新材料等领域取得了一系列研究成果。内生放线菌在生态农业、食品工业、制药工业和环境治理等方面扮演重要角色。本文简要概述了目前植物内生放线菌的研究成果,讨论了存在的问题和发展方向。  相似文献   

10.
植物内生菌的功能研究进展   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
植物内生菌是一类种类丰富、生物学功能多样的微生物。由于它们与宿主植物长期进化,有了一些特殊的生物学功能。综述了内生菌的系列生物学功能,包括产生活性物质、固氮功能、促进植物生长、增强宿主植物抗性、他感作用、作为外源基因载体等,并总结了内生菌研究中要注意的方面。  相似文献   

11.
为探究石斛属(Dendrobium)盛花期花朵的主要挥发性成分,采用顶空固相微萃取结合GC-MS技术对球花石斛(D. thyrsiflorum)、扭瓣石斛(D. tortile)、鼓槌石斛(D. chrysotoxum)和密花石斛(D. densiflorum)花朵的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明,4种石斛花朵的挥发性成分共70种,包括酯类、醇类、酚类、酮类、烷类、烯类、醛类以及其他等8类,其中烯类总含量最高,为主要挥发性成分。球花和密花石斛的主要香气成分为β-石竹烯,相对含量分别为0.46和6.91μg/(g·h);而扭瓣石斛为醋酸辛酯[6.11μg/(g·h)];鼓槌石斛为β-罗勒烯[5.23μg/(g·h)]。该研究有利于评价和筛选有价值的芳香石斛兰种质资源,为香型石斛兰品种培育和兰花精油的开发利用提供参考。  相似文献   

12.
兰科石斛属植物菌根真菌研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
石斛属(Dendrobium)隶属于兰科(Orchidaceae)树兰亚科(Epidendroideae)石斛兰族(Dendrobiinae),是兰科最大的属之一,终生附生于树上或岩石上。石斛属很多种类具有很高的药用价值与观赏价值。由于人为过度采挖和野生生境的破坏,使得野生石斛资源濒临灭绝。石斛属植物为典型的兰科菌根植物,在自然条件下需要与真菌共生,才能完成生活史。菌根真菌对于石斛属植物的种子萌发和植株生长具有重要的作用。对石斛属植物菌根的形成、菌根真菌的作用、菌根真菌多样性及菌根技术在石斛属植物中的应用做了评述,并对今后的研究内容和重点提出了一些思路。  相似文献   

13.
4种石斛属植物花朵挥发性成分分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了解石斛属植物花朵中的挥发性成分, 利用固相微萃取(SPME)方法结合GC-MS 技术测定了鼓槌石斛、罗河石斛、细叶石斛和密花石斛盛花期的花朵挥发性成分及其相对含量。结果表明, 从4 种石斛属植物花朵中共鉴定出挥发性成分57 种, 包括酯类、萜烯类、醇类、烷类、醛类、酮类、醌类、芳香族和含氮化合物。4 种石斛花朵挥发性成分的组成和含量差异明显。鼓槌石斛和细叶石斛的主要香气成分是3-蒈烯, 相对含量分别为84.606% 和71.251%。罗河石斛挥发性成分中水杨酸甲酯相对含量最高(57.449%), 其次为D-柠檬烯(22.416%)。密花石斛花朵主要挥发性成分是2-亚甲基-4,8,8-三甲基-4-乙烯基-双环[5.2.0]壬烷(82.013%), 其次为α-法尼烯(4.699%)。这些对于香型石斛兰品种的培育和兰花精油产品开发提供了参考。  相似文献   

14.
Trichoderma species are usually considered soil organisms that colonize plant roots, sometimes forming a symbiotic relationship. Recent studies demonstrate that Trichoderma species are also capable of colonizing the above ground tissues of Theobroma cacao (cacao) in what has been characterized as an endophytic relationship. Trichoderma species can be re-isolated from surface sterilized cacao stem tissue, including the bark and xylem, the apical meristem, and to a lesser degree from leaves. SEM analysis of cacao stems colonized by strains of four Trichoderma species (Trichoderma ovalisporum-DIS 70a, Trichoderma hamatum-DIS 219b, Trichoderma koningiopsis-DIS 172ai, or Trichoderma harzianum-DIS 219f) showed a preference for surface colonization of glandular trichomes versus non-glandular trichomes. The Trichoderma strains colonized the glandular trichome tips and formed swellings resembling appresoria. Hyphae were observed emerging from the glandular trichomes on surface sterilized stems from cacao seedlings that had been inoculated with each of the four Trichoderma strains. Fungal hyphae were observed under the microscope emerging from the trichomes as soon as 6 h after their isolation from surface sterilized cacao seedling stems. Hyphae were also observed, in some cases, emerging from stalk cells opposite the trichome head. Repeated single trichome/hyphae isolations verified that the emerging hyphae were the Trichoderma strains with which the cacao seedlings had been inoculated. Strains of four Trichoderma species were able to enter glandular trichomes during the colonization of cacao stems where they survived surface sterilization and could be re-isolated. The penetration of cacao trichomes may provide the entry point for Trichoderma species into the cacao stem allowing systemic colonization of this tissue.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic transformation system of Dendrobium Sonia 17 was optimized using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and -glucuronidase (GUS) gene as the reporter systems. The 35S-sgfp-TYG-nos (p35S) and pSMDFR, carrying sgfp and gusA gene, respectively, were co-bombarded into the calluses. Parameters optimized were acceleration pressure, target distance, gold particle size, pre-bombardment cultured time, plasmid DNA precipitation, total plasmid DNA and the ratio of the plasmids co-bombarded. Both reporter systems responded similarly to the bombardment parameters investigated. Based on the GUS/GFP spot counts, the GFP expression rate was higher than that for GUS under the control of the same promoter, CaMV 35S. GFP could be used as the reporter system for the co-bombardment as it was rapid and non-destructive system to monitor the transformed tissues. A combination of GFP and antibiotic resistance gene was used to select stable putative transformants.  相似文献   

16.
高远  李隔萍  施宏  刘慧  任安芝  高玉葆 《生态学报》2017,37(4):1063-1073
以羽茅(Achnatherum sibiricum)为材料,采用室内生物测定法研究感染不同内生真菌的羽茅浸提液对大针茅(Stipa grandis)种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对羽茅浸提液中的化学成分进行分析。结果表明:(1)内生真菌感染可缓解宿主羽茅对群落优势种大针茅的化感作用;(2)内生真菌感染对宿主羽茅化感作用的影响与内生真菌种类有关,具体表现为相比于未染菌羽茅,感染Epichloё gansuensis可显著缓解宿主羽茅对大针茅的抑制作用,而感染Neotyphodium sibiricum、Neotyphodium gansuensis有缓解羽茅对大针茅化感作用的趋势,但未达到显著影响;(3)羽茅浸提液中含有2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、邻苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和硬脂酸甲酯等潜在化感物质,这4种物质相对含量的差异可能是不同内生真菌感染状态的羽茅产生不同化感效应的主要原因;(4)对羽茅浸提液中4种潜在化感物质的化感作用进行验证实验,结果表明,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚对大针茅的化感作用基本表现为低浓度无影响,高浓度抑制,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的化感作用表现为\"低促高抑\"的效应趋势,而邻苯二甲酸和硬脂酸甲酯对大针茅均表现出\"剂量效应\"的化感作用趋势,即4种潜在化感物质在高浓度时均可显著抑制大针茅的种子萌发和幼苗生长。  相似文献   

17.
【背景】兰科植物根部内生微生物在促进幼苗生长、提高植株环境适应性等方面发挥重要作用。【目的】通过对卵叶贝母兰(Coelogyne occultata)、竹叶兰(Arundina graminifolia)和手参(Gymnadenia conopsea)这3种药用兰科植物根部内生微生物进行多样性分析与菌株分离培养,解析不同兰科植物内生微生物群落结构,筛选功能性菌株。【方法】采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析3种药用兰科植物根部内生微生物群落结构,采用微生物分离培养方法分离根部内生细菌和内生真菌,并进行功能菌株筛选。【结果】在属水平,卵叶贝母兰和竹叶兰的内生微生物群落聚为一支。卵叶贝母兰、竹叶兰和手参内生细菌优势属分别为分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium, 70.65%),伯克霍尔德氏菌属-卡瓦列罗菌属-副伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia,26.35%)和戈登氏菌属(Gordonia, 6.65%);内生真菌优势属分别为镰刀菌属(Fusarium, 21.07%),未分类柔膜菌目(unclassified Helotiales, 46.74%)和羊肚菌属(Morchella, 91.21%)。Pseudomonas nunensis Coeb11、Rahnella sikkimica Coeb32和森林鲁氏菌(Rouxiella silvae) Coeb22同时具有溶磷、固氮和分泌吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)的功能;真菌Cladophialophora chaetospira Aruf26可作为深色有格内生真菌定殖在铁皮石斛根细胞内部。【结论】本研究揭示了3种药用兰科植物根部内生微生物群落组成,筛选出功能菌株,为药用兰科植物资源保护、林下仿生栽培和功能微生物的开发与利用提供依据。  相似文献   

18.
采用色谱技术从长序虎皮楠内生真菌Penicillium sp. DCS82菌株的PDA平板发酵物中分离纯化得到5个化合物。通过波谱数据分析及与文献对照进行结构解析,分别鉴定为:verrucosidinol acetate(1),verrucosidinol(2),viridicatin(3),fructigenine A(4),3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-1-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)indole(5)。所有化合物都是首次从该菌中分离里得到。  相似文献   

19.
Dendrobium sect. Dendrocoryne is a difficult taxonomic group of allied species and species complexes, occurring on the eastern Australian coastline, Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. Significant morphological characters were assessed from all key areas of the distribution range. Patterns of variation between species, varieties and hybrids were investigated by principal coordinate analysis. The analyses affirm 12 species in the sect. Dendrocoryne described by Schlechter (1912, 1982) and Dockrill (1969, 1992), including a cluster of small statured D. gracilicaule, D. adae, D. fleckeri, and D. finniganense, and three variable species complexes – D. speciosum, D. kingianum and D. tetragonum. Recently described D. finniganense and D. callitrophilum are interpreted as members of the section. Phylogenetic relationships are presented based on parsimony analysis of 31 morphological characters. Analyses do not support proposals to recognize new genera for D. tetragonum, D. callitrophilum and D. aemulum, or to create new species within D. tetragonum, D. jonesii, D. speciosum and D. kingianum. The phylogeny indicates that rainforest taxa are earlier lineages and xerophytic taxa are more derived.  相似文献   

20.
    
Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of ryegrass infection by the endophytic fungusAcremonium loliiLatch, Christensen and Samuels onMicroctonus hyperodaeLoan, a parasitoid ofListronotus bonariensis(Kuschel). Progression of parasitoids through the larval instar stages was shown to depend on adequate nutrition of the weevil host. Compared to confinement on endophyte-free ryegrass, parasitized weevils held on nonpreferred diets comprising leaf segments from endophyte-infected ryegrass and switchgrass contained parasitoid larvae with retarded development. Similarly, development of parasitoid larvae was retarded in hosts feeding on artificial diet containing diterpenes and alkaloids ofA. loliiorigin. Several diterpenes incorporated into the diet reduced survival of the parasitoid larvae. Attack rate of parasitoids was reduced when the quality of potential host weevils was compromised by confinement on nonpreferredA. lolii-infected ryegrass or without food for 14 days.  相似文献   

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