静脉输注高氧液对单肺通气期间低氧血症的治疗作用

目的:探讨静脉输注高氧液对家猪OLV时肺内分流与氧合的影响.方法:30头健康家猪(25～35 kg)建立OLV模型后,随机分为2组,每组15头,即高氧液组(H组)和对照组(C组),H组动物在单肺通气后经右静内静脉以15 mL·kg-1·h-1的速度恒速输入高氧液,C组动物则以相同的方式和速度输入等量的乳酸林格氏液.分别于双肺通气时、单肺通气30 min、单肺通气60 min时抽取动脉血和混合静脉血做血气分析,并计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt％),同时记录血流动力学指标.结果:与双肺通气时相比,单肺通气时两组PaO2,SaO2,PvO2和SvO2均显著降低,而Qs/Qt％明显升高(P＜0.01).单肺通气30 min以及60 min后,H组的PaO2,SaO2,PvO2和SvO2等指标均显著高于C组(P＜0.05),而对于肺内分流率(Qs/Qt％),两组间比较差异无统计学意义.结论:静脉输注高氧液虽然对肺内分流影响不大,却能够明显改善氧合,治疗单肺通气引起的低氧血症.     

骨痹消对兔骨关节炎软骨细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨中药早期治疗对兔实验性膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)软骨细胞凋亡的影响。方法参照Okazaki等[1]伸膝制动OA动物模型法造模,随机分为正常组(A组)、模型组(B组)、骨痹消组(C组),于治疗6周、10周后测各组兔血清NO水平变化;软骨电镜结构及TUNEL法软骨细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果 B组血清NO水平逐渐升高,C组有不同程度的降低;B组电镜下6周时可见凋亡细胞,10周可见凋亡小体;TUNEL法细胞凋亡原位检测:B组软骨细胞AI明显增高。治疗后C组下降明显,10周时与B组相比具极显著差异(P0.01)。结论骨痹消在一定程度上阻断软骨细胞凋亡,减少细胞凋亡数量,促进软骨的修复。     

吸入糖皮质激素对大鼠肺纤维化的干预作用及bFGF表达的影响

目的:研究吸入糖皮质激素对大鼠肺纤维化模型的干预作用及可能的机制。方法:雌性Wistar大鼠40只,体重180～250g,按照随机数字表法将大鼠随机分为4组(n=10):①对照组(C组);②模型组(M组);③布地奈德组(B组);④地塞米松组(D组)。M组、B组、D组给大鼠气管内吸入博莱霉素(5mg/kgbw,8mg)复制肺纤维化模型,C组气管内吸入同等剂量的生理盐水作对照,B组于次日给予雾化吸入等效剂量布地奈德,D组于次日腹腔内注射地塞米松。上述各组均于注药后第1、4周各宰杀5只。通过苏木素-伊红染色观察肺泡炎、Masson胶原染色观察肺纤维化、用免疫组化及酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测bFGF蛋白在大鼠肺组织,血清及肺泡灌洗液(BALF)的表达。结果:1、4周时M组表现为肺泡炎及肺间质炎症,B组、D组肺泡炎及肺纤维化程度较M组减轻。1、4周时血清、肺组织、BALF中M组的bFGF表达高于C组(P0.01),B、D组低于M组(P0.01)。结论:吸入糖皮质激素可减轻博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化,其抗纤维化作用的机制与抑制bFGF表达有关。     

兔海水淹溺型肺水肿组织NKA活性与动脉血气的相关性分析

目的:观察兔海水淹溺型肺水肿组织钠-钾ATP酶(Na~ -K~ -ATPase)活性变化与动脉血气变化的关系,探讨钠-钾ATP酶在海水淹溺肺水肿形成中的重要作用,为临床治疗提供实验依据。方法:将30只新西兰兔随机分为对照组(5只)及淹溺组(25只),淹溺组根据观察时间段分为10′、30′、60′、90′、120′组(每组5只),采用气管切开插入塑料导管、向气管内灌海水3 mL/kg、双肺自主通气的方法进行兔海水淹溺肺水肿模型复制。于各观察时间点进行血气分析,并采集肺组织标本,对肺组织匀浆钠-钾ATP酶进行测定。结果:兔海水淹溺肺水肿各时间点钠-钾ATP酶活性降低,动脉血气显示低氧和酸中毒,钠-钾ATP酶活性变化与动脉血气主要指标变化具有线性回归关系(P<0.01)。结论:海水淹溺型肺水肿组织NKA活性与动脉血气的具有相关性,钠-钾ATP酶在海水淹溺肺水肿发生发展中具有重要作用。     

弹性橡胶管芯技术用于困难气道行双腔气管导管插管的可行性研究

目的:研究弹性橡胶管芯技术应用于困难气道行双腔气管导管插管的可行性。方法:选择择期胸科手术并行双腔气管导管插管患者40例,并将其随机分为Mc Coy喉镜组(M组)和弹性橡胶管芯组(B组)。M组患者使用Mc Coy喉镜行双腔气管插管,B组患者以弹性橡胶管芯行双腔气管插管。观察和比较插管前后两组患者生命体征的变化、插管次数、所用时间以及由插管造成的损伤发生率。结果:1插管后即刻以及插管后1 min、5min,患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)均呈不同程度升高,B组升高程度明显小于M组(P<0.01)。2B组插管时遇到的阻力明显小于M组(P<0.05),插管尝试次数以及完成插管所用的时间均少于或短于M组(P<0.05)。3术后3小时以及24小时,B组由插管导致的声嘶与咽痛的发生率明显低于M组(P<0.05)。4术后48小时,B组患者气道粘膜损伤的发生率明显低于M组(P<0.05)。结论:弹性橡胶管芯技术应用于困难气道行双腔气管导管插管安全有效。     

瑞舒伐他汀对压力超负荷型心肌肥厚大鼠TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:观察瑞舒伐他汀对大鼠压力超负荷型心肌肥厚的作用,并探讨其对TGF-β1表达的影响.方法:将SD大鼠随机分为5组.除假手术组外各组通过不完全结扎大鼠腹主动脉构建心肌肥厚模型,A为假手术组,B为单纯手术组,C为卡托普利组(50mg/kgod),D组为瑞舒伐他汀小剂量组(2 mg/kgod),E为瑞舒伐他汀大剂量组(4 mg/kgod),各组动物术前一周始灌胃给予相应药物直至术后4周,A、B纽给予等量生理盐水.给药第5周末,测定各组大鼠血压和心脏质量指教;采用RT-PCR法和免疫组化法检测左室心肌组织中TGF-β1mRNA和TGF-β1蛋白表达.结果:术后4周各组动物血压和HMI较A组明显增加(P<0.01或P<0.05),而C、D、E组较B组有显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05);同时各治疗组左室心肌组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和TGF-β1蛋白表达较B组有显著下降(P<0.01),且C组抑制表达较D、E组更为显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:瑞舒伐他汀可有效的缓解压力超负荷诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚,且作用类似卡托普利,其可能通过降低左室心肌TGF-β1表达,影响TGF-β信号转导产生作用.     

呼吸道合胞病毒感染兔呼吸系统组织病理学的改变和相关指数评分标准的建立

目的探讨RSV感染兔呼吸系统的组织病理学改变及其病理学指数评估方法。方法将RSV 100μL（108 TCID50/mL）鼻腔接种新西兰兔,分别于3和5 d时处死动物,取鼻黏膜、气管、肺门支气管、肺组织做石蜡包埋切片、HE染色,与正常对照组比较,显微镜下观察组织病理学改变。根据病变程度、参考相关文献,制定鼻黏膜、气管/支气管、肺组织的病理学指数评分标准并进行评分。结果与正常对照组相比,接种病毒动物可见鼻黏膜增厚甚至可见坏死脱落灶、单个核细胞浸润以及淋巴样组织增生;气管、支气管黏膜增厚、粗糙、排列紊乱,有坏死脱落,支气管内可见渗出物;肺组织以肺门部位病变显著,可见以围绕支气管或血管组织为主的炎细胞浸润灶,肺泡内、各级细支气管内存在炎性分泌物;接种RSV5 d组病理学指数评分与正常对照组相比有统计学意义。结论RSV鼻腔接种新西兰兔可致其鼻黏膜、气管、支气管及肺组织发生炎性损伤。我们制定的鼻黏膜、气管/支气管、肺组织的病理学指数评分标准适用于动物呼吸系统炎性损伤程度的评估。     

不同浓度hUCMSCs对重度烧伤大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用初探

目的:通过气管内给药的方法比较不同浓度人脐带间充质干细胞气管内移植对重度烧伤致急性肺损伤大鼠的保护作用。方法:建立50%面积全层烫伤大鼠模型,将75只成熟雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、生理盐水组(B组)、1×10~5HUCMSCs移植组(C)、5×10~5HUCMSCs移植组(D)、1×10~6HUCMSCs移植组(E),每组15只,B组及移植组(C、D、E组)烫伤后立即液体复苏,B组烫伤后气管内滴注0.2 m L生理盐水,移植组气管内滴注不同浓度h UCMSCs,分别在移植后的天第1、3、7天留取大鼠肺组织标本,HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,MPO、CD68免疫组化染色观察肺组织中性粒细胞及肺巨噬细胞阳性表达情况。结果:肺组织病理切片可见:A组各时间点肺泡腔清晰,肺泡结构完整,偶见少量炎性细胞。烫伤后第1天,B组及移植组(C、D、E组)肺泡间隔增厚,大量红细胞漏出及炎性细胞浸润。烫伤后第3天,各组肺泡结构较前清晰,炎性细胞浸润及红细胞漏出较第一天减少,与B组相比移植组肺泡结构清晰,间隔变薄,移植组各组间改变不明显。烫伤后第7天,移植组肺组织损伤较B组明显减轻,E组损伤肺组织恢复最为明显。MPO染色显示:与A组相比,阳性细胞数在烫伤后第1天明显增加(P0.05),但各组之间无明显差异。在烫伤后第3天,与B组相比,移植组阳性细胞数减少明显(P0.05),E组阳性细胞减少明显(P0.05);在烫伤后第7天E组阳性细胞数量较其他组显著减少(P0.05)。CD68染色显示在烫伤后第1天各组阳性细胞显著增多(P0.05),在烫伤后第3天移植组阳性细胞数减少(P0.05),但各移植组间无明显差异,烫伤后第7天移植组阳性细胞数量较B组明显减少(P0.05),E组较C、D组阳性细胞减少有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:气管内移植HUCMSCs能修复重度烧伤后损伤的肺组织,减少肺组织中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞的浸润,且1×10~6HUCMSCs移植效果更明显。     

肺部感染对支气管封堵治疗影响的实验研究

目的:探讨肺部感染对支气管封堵治疗影响的动物实验性研究。方法:取健康杂种犬18条,分为3组(A、B、C组)(n=6),经支气管镜每只犬置入致密螺栓状支气管封堵器2枚,其中A、B组为肺部感染组,C组仅为单纯封堵(A、C组封堵后使用抗生素,而B组封堵后未使用抗生素)。观察实验动物的耐受性,定期复查血象、支气管镜、胸部CT扫描,8周后观察封堵器附近支气管组织及远端肺组织变化。结果:观察期内,除1例因给药管不慎封堵入靶支气管内而死亡外,其余犬耐受性良好;截至封堵第8周,36只封堵器中,脱落共有0只(0/36)。胸部CT扫描和组织病理学检查证实,部分封堵的肺叶有萎陷,封堵部位远端肺泡腔缩小,5例封堵部位及其周围有轻度阻塞性炎症改变,未出现肺脓肿及坏死。肺部感染因素对犬的恢复有延迟;而感染组术后肌注抗生素与否,并未能缩短实验动物的不适反应过程,亦未能预防或减少阻塞性炎症的发生。结论:试制的支气管封堵器置入方便,组织相容性好;无论单纯封堵还是肺部感染组的封堵,各组实验动物均有较好的耐受性,但是肺部感染因素对犬的恢复有延迟;肺部感染组术后肌注抗生素与否,对提高动物的耐受程度无明显作用。     

容量与压力控制通气模式对胸科手术单肺通气肺内分流及氧合的影响

目的:为观察术前肺功能正常的开胸手术病人在单肺通气(OLV)期间,定压控制通气模式(PCV)和定容控制通气模式(VCV)对气道压力、肺内分流及氧合的影响.方法:选择40例术前肺功能正常进行开胸手术的病人,随机分为A、B两组.A组:单肺通气采用VCV模式30 min后转换为PCV模式.B组:单肺通气采用PCV模式30 min后转换为VCV模式.在麻醉前(TI)、单肺通气前(T2),容量控制通气(压力控制通气)30min(T3)、转换为压力控制通气(容量控制通气)30min(T4)四个时间段测气道压力和采动脉及混合静脉血行血气分析及计算肺内分流.结果:发现;无论VCV还是PCV在单肺通气期间动脉血氧分压(PaO2)无统计学意义(P=0.534),两组间的肺内分流量(Qs/Qt)比较差异无显著性(p>0.05),PCV气道压力比VCV低((P<0.01).结论:肺功能正常的患者在OLV期间,PCV模式与VCV模式比较并不能提高氧合作用,但PCV模式气道压力低,有利于减少气道损伤.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Scales of spatial patterns of distribution of intertidal invertebrates

Few comparative studies of spatial patterns at different scales have examined several species in the same habitat or the same species over a range of habitats. Therefore, variability in patterns among species or among habitats has seldom been documented. This study quantifies spatial patterns of a suite of intertidal snails and a species of barnacle using a range of statistical techniques. Variability in densities was quantified from the scale of adjacent quadrats (over a distance of centimeters) to tens of kilometers. Significant differences in abundances occurred primarily at two spatial scales. Small-scale differences were found at the scales of centimeters or 1–2 m and, for many species on many shores, these accounted for most of the variability in abundances from place to place. These are likely to be determined by behavioural responses to small-scale patches of microhabitat. Large-scale differences in abundance were also found in most species at the scale of hundreds of meters alongshore. These are likely to be due to variation in recruitment (and/or mortality) because of limited dispersal by adults of these species. There was little or no additional variation among shores, separated by tens of kilometers, than was shown among patches of shore separated by hundreds of meters. Identification of the scale(s) at which significant differences in abundance are found focus attention on the processes (and the scales at which these processes operate) that influence patterns of distribution and abundance. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various procedures are discussed.     

Identification of the site of glycation of human insulin

This study evaluates the nature of glycated human insulin formed following exposure to hyperglycemic conditions in vitro. Glycated insulin was purified by RP-HPLC and its molecular mass (5971.3 Da) determined by plasma desorption mass spectrometry (MS). The difference in mass (163.7 Da) from nonglycated insulin (5807.6 Da) corresponds to a single reduced glucose (glucitol) residue. Following reduction of insulin disulfide bridges, MS confirmed that the B-chain was glycated. Enzymatic digestions with trypsin, endoproteinase Glu-C, and thermolysin, followed by RP-HPLC and identification of fragments by MS, localized glycation to the B-chain (1–5) region. Electrospray tandem MS identified the site of glycation as the B-chain NH₂-terminal Phe¹ residue. This was confirmed by automated Edman degradation with glycated human insulin.