中国浙江新昌化石木研究

本文介绍了发现于中国东南沿海地区浙江省新昌县中生代地层中的一种化石木新种———新昌南洋杉型木 (AraucarioxylonxinchangenseDuansp .nov .)。这种化石木保存在早白垩世馆头组中、下部的紫红色泥砂岩中 ,分布在新昌县城西部 ,南北绵延 2 5公里、东西宽约 2公里的狭长地区。由于在化石木产区曾发现过多种植物化石 ,因而确定了该区在早白垩世时期处于我国的欧洲 中国植物区内 ,属亚热带 热带气候区 ,种种迹象表明此时气候有些干旱。同区发现的松柏目叶化石 ,其气孔构造与南洋杉科有一定的亲缘关系 ,这一点似乎与化石木之属可以对应。     

中国浙江新昌化石木研究

本文介绍了发现于中国东南沿海地区浙江省新昌县中生代地层中的一种化石木新种——新昌南洋杉型木 (Araucarioxylon xinchangense Duan sp. nov.)。这种化石木保存在早白垩世馆头组中、下部的紫红色泥砂岩中,分布在新昌县城西部,南北绵延25公里、东西宽约2公里的狭长地区。由于在化石木产区曾发现过多种植物化石,因而确定了该区在早白垩世时期处于我国的欧洲 中国植物区内,属亚热带 热带气候区,种种迹象表明此时气候有些干旱。同区发现的松柏目叶化石,其气孔构造与南洋杉科有一定的亲缘关系,这一点似乎与化石木之属可以对应。     

Sauropod and Small Theropod Tracks from the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of Zigong City,Sichuan, China,with an Overview of Triassic–Jurassic Dinosaur Fossils and Footprints of the Sichuan Basin

A dinosaur footprint assemblage from the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of Zigong City, Sichuan, China, comprises about 300 tracks of small tridactyl theropods and large sauropods preserved as concave epireliefs (natural molds). The theropod footprints show similarities with both the ichnogenera Grallator and Jialingpus. Three different morphotypes are present, probably related to different substrate conditions and extramorphological variation. A peculiar preservational feature in a morphotype that reflects a gracile trackmaker with extremely slender digits, is the presence of a convex epirelief that occurs at the bottom of the concave digit impressions. It is possibly the result of sediment compaction underweight load when the pes penetrated the substrate, being a resistant residue during exhumation and weathering. The sauropod tracks belong to a trackway with eight imprints consisting of poorly preserved pes and manus tracks and a better preserved set, probably all undertracks. The narrow-gauge trackway pattern resembles the ichnogenus Parabrontopodus well known from the Jurassic but other features such as the minor heteropody are different. The assemblage enriches the dinosaur record from the famous Zigong locality and the evidence from the Lower Jurassic in this area that was restricted to a few skeletal remains and footprints. Furthermore it proves the presence of small theropods, whereas skeletons of the group, well- known from the Middle-Upper Jurassic of Zigong, are of medium to large size only. Remarkable is the dominance of saurischians in these assemblages, which is characteristic of Jurassic dinosaur communities whereas the Cretaceous record shows an increase of ornithopod groups. An overview of the dinosaur trace and body fossil record of the Sichuan Basin supports this view. The paleoenvironment can be designated as a low-latitude tropical freshwater lake as it is indicated by bivalve shells.     

云南中新世杉科化石木研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜首次对云南省楚雄州晚中新世石灰坝组石鼓村层的钙化木材进行了解剖学研究.鉴定出两种类型的木材:柳杉型落羽杉型木(Taxodioxylon cryptomeripsoides Schonfeld)和杉木型落羽杉型木(Taxodioxylon cunninghamioides Watari).二者分别与现代柳杉属和杉木属具有最接近的亲缘关系.根据这两种杉科化石木现存最近亲缘种的生态环境,并综合其他资料,推测该地区在晚中新世为温暖湿润的亚热带气候环境.     

Parataxonomy and palaeobiogeographic significance of dinosaur eggshell fragments from the Upper Cretaceous strata of the Cauvery Basin,South India

Abstract

In the past, fossilised dinosaur eggshells have been extensively documented from the Upper Cretaceous Lameta Formation of Central India and as many as nine oospecies are known at present from this formation. Compared to this, only one dinosaur oospecies has been described from the Cretaceous succession of the Cauvery Basin. However, the first fossil egg from India, identified as a chelonian egg, was documented from the Aptian – Albian Karai Formation of the Cauvery Basin in 1957. Following this, a solitary titanosaurid dinosaur egg was described from the Upper Cretaceous (Lower Maastrichtian) Kallankuruchhi Formation, Cauvery Basin in 1996. More recently, we have recovered isolated eggshell fragments from the marine part of the Upper Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian) Kallamedu Formation. Based on eggshell morphology, microstructure and ultrastructure, these eggshell fragments are assigned to the oospecies Fusioolithus baghensis. The new find from the Cauvery Basin is important from palaeobiogeographic point of view as the oofamily Fusioolithidae is found in the Upper Cretaceous strata of India, France, Argentina and Morocco. Based on the common occurrence of similar oospecies in South America, Africa, Europe and India, a Late Cretaceous palaeobiogeographic connection between India and South America as well as Europe via Africa is suggested.     

四川盆地发现地史上最晚的一件迷齿类化石

<正> 迷齿类是一类古老的两栖动物.它们曾广泛地生存于世界各大洲、繁盛于石炭纪一二叠纪.三叠纪时趋向衰落.以往,生物学家认为,这类动物到三叠纪末就全部绝灭了.近年,澳大利亚墨尔本拉乔巴大学的 A. Warren教授,报道了在昆士兰南部含铁矿层中发现的迷齿类化石,时代确认为早侏罗世,证实了迷齿类动物曾残存到了侏罗纪.1983年,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古     

甘肃花海盆地早白垩世的介形类

详细研究了首次发现于甘肃花海盆地截大板沟下白垩统下沟组的介形类化石。根据它们的组合面貌及其在国内外分布的主要层位,认为原划归为上侏罗统,并含有丰富介形类和轮藻化石的这套地层应属下白垩统下统下沟组,其时代为早白垩世Ｂｒｒｅｍｉａｎ期。     

浙江天台晚白垩世伤齿龙(troodontids)蛋化石的新发现

浙江天台上白垩统赤城山组中发掘出属伤齿龙类的棱柱形蛋化石。研究认为,棱柱形蛋从伤齿龙类恐龙中产出就具有较高刚度的蛋壳,可直接插入松软的泥沙里,明显区别于其他大多数恐龙及现代爬行类所产的韧性蛋壳蛋,韧性蛋壳的恐龙蛋往往因重力作用产生变形而呈扁球形和扁椭球形。伤齿龙类的棱柱形蛋的刚性蛋壳很接近现代鸟蛋的蛋壳,暗示伤齿龙类恐龙生殖系统在蛋壳形成方面与现代鸟类有一定相似性。同时,伤齿龙类的棱柱形蛋或多或少地以向外倾斜的形式排布,反映出伤齿龙类恐龙产卵时可能面向巢穴外,是一种对生存环境的适应行为。     

A Petrified Forest from Beijing

This paper deals with some fossil woods found in a hill near to Xiadelongwan village, Yanqing district, about 120 km north of Beijing. There are more than 30 thick fossil trunks 0.6–2.5 m in diameter. They arc erect above the ground 30–50 cm, grey, light brown and grey-black in color. Two species are identified: Xenoxylon latiporosum (Cramer) Gothan and X. sp. along with Zamites sp. and Neocalamites sp. All of them are from the Houcheng Formation of late Middle Jurassic. These fossils are well- preserved. It show that the climate of Beijing by the Middle Jurassic was subtropical, hot and damp, rich in rainfall. The well-marked growth-rings of these woods show that the seasonal changes were quite clear. Spring woods are very wide which indicates that the growth rate was very fast.     

山东莱阳盆地早白垩世莱阳群的遗迹化石

山东莱阳早白垩阳群自下而上分为瓦屋夼组,林寺山组,止风庄组,水南组,龙旺庄组和曲格庄组。为一套河湖相沉积,产有较丰富,分异度较高的非海相遗迹化石和兽脚类恐龙足迹化石,共鉴定出遗迹属11个,未定属1个,其中遗迹种9个,未定种2个,遗迹化石是：Cochlichnus anguines,Diplocraterion parallelun,Helminthoidichnites tenuis,Palaeophycus tubularis,Planolites montanus ,Scolica sp.,Scoyenia gracilis,Skolithos linearis,Taenidium cameromensis,Thalassinoides sp.,恐龙足迹化石是：Paragrallator yangi,这些化石按习性可分为4类,即：居住构造, 爬行迹,觅食[迹和牧食迹,其中又以前3种为主,遗迹化石在剖面上的分布不均匀,以上部的水南组,龙旺庄,曲格庄3个组最丰富。     

辽西义县下白垩统沙海组木化石新材料

辽西地区下白垩统沙海组是我国北方地区重要的白垩纪木化石产出层位,其产出的木化石数量丰富、类型多样.尽管前人开展了部分研究,但目前对沙海组木化石植物群组成特征的认识仍相对薄弱.本文报道了辽西义县上石洞沟地区沙海组产出的木化石新材料,共鉴定出2属3种,分别为:Phyllocladoxylon cf.eboracense(H...     

华南地区新生代木乃伊化木化石研究进展*

中国木化石资源虽然很丰富, 但研究程度相比叶片化石要低得多, 且主要集中在中国北部和西南地区, 研究领域大多局限于分类学方面, 而木化石分析与古气候、古生态等领域的交叉和系统研究还很少。大多数情况下木化石的保存方式都为石化或矿化保存, 而木乃伊化保存的木化石则非常罕见。木乃伊化保存的化石在植物分类、系统演化及古气候研究等方面具有独特而重要的价值。近年来, 本团队在华南地区发现大量木乃伊化保存的新生代木化石, 它们分别产自广西南宁盆地晚渐新世邕宁组、广西桂平盆地中新世二子塘组以及广东茂名盆地晚更新世地层中。本文总结了这些木乃伊化保存的木化石的研究进展, 包括多样性组成、古植被、古气候及古生态等特征, 并对木兰属、蒲桃属和枫香属的植物地理史进行了讨论。综合分析植物群组成特征和木材生长轮以及木化石中具有气候指示意义的解剖结构特征, 推测广西南宁盆地晚渐新世时期生长着常绿(少数落叶)阔叶林, 为温暖湿润的亚热带季节性气候; 广西桂平盆地中新世时期生长着常绿—落叶、阔叶—针叶混交林 (阔叶为主), 为温暖湿润的亚热带气候; 广东茂名盆地晚更新世生长着常绿—落叶、阔叶—针叶混交林, 为温暖湿润的亚热带至热带季风气候。这是中国低纬度地区首次系统研究木乃伊化保存的木化石, 为新生代植物群的系统演化和古环境分析等提供了重要的木化石依据。     

FLORA OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION OF UTAH AND COLORADO. PART III: ICACINOXYLON PITTIENSE N. SP

Icacinoxylon pittiense, a new species of angiospermous wood from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah is described and compared with similar fossil and modem woods. It is distinguished from other species of Icacinoxylon by its thick-walled fiber-tracheids with their walls making up at least 50% of the total diameter of the cells, conspicuous bordered pits with obliquely crossing extended apertures on both the tangential and radial walls of its fiber-tracheids, scalariform perforation plates with as few as four or greater than 30 bars, transitional opposite to scalariform pitting on its vessel walls, thick-walled ray cells, and distinct sheath or border cells in its rays. Icacinoxylon pittiense is the first species of this genus to be reported from Cretaceous sediments. This wood is of special interest because very few angiosperm woods have been reported from lower Cretaceous strata.     

泥河湾盆地上新世小哺乳动物生物地层学及相关问题讨论

在泥河湾盆地稻地组与壶流河组、蔚县组命名剖面上分别筛洗小哺乳动物化石。其中花豹沟剖面选取 3个层位 ,发现小哺乳动物化石 1 0种 ;稻地剖面 6个层位 ,发现化石 2 5种。结合小哺乳动物化石组合 ,以及岩石地层追索对比 ,认为壶流河组与蔚县组从岩性上无法分开 ,应予合并 ,保留蔚县组 ;稻地组与蔚县组为同时期沉积 ,二者之间存在一定的相变关系 ,建议废止稻地组 ;仅保留蔚县组作为泥河湾组之下风成红黏土之上的岩石地层单位 ,其时代为中上新世晚期至晚上新世。     

“PRE-CRETACEOUS” ANGIOSPERMS FROM UTAH: EVIDENCE FOR TERTIARY AGE OF THE PALM WOODS AND ROOTS

Our studies indicate a Tertiary age for silicified palm roots and wood from near Redmond, Utah, recently described as the first unequivocal angiosperms from pre-Cretaceous strata. Field relationships and petrographic analysis demonstrate that the rocks in which the palm roots occur in place, supposedly beds of the Jurassic Arapien Shale, are actually strata of the Dipping Vat Formation of middle Tertiary age. The type and only localities of the palm woods designated as Palmoxylon pristina Tidwell and P. simperi Tidwell are on the Arapien Shale; however, unequivocal evidence that the specimens were in place is lacking. Both of these localities are situated on drainages topographically below an angularly unconformable Tertiary sequence including the Dipping Vat Formation. In the immediate area the Dipping Vat Formation contains abundant in situ palm wood and roots. Slump blocks of this sequence, some of them containing palm material, were found in the vicinity of both type localities. Sections of palm wood from the Dipping Vat Formation display the same anatomical features that characterize Palmoxylon pristina and P. simperi, including such characteristic attributes as the presence of fiber strands in the ground tissue. The probability that woods of P. pristina and P. simperi, rather than having originated in the Arapien Shale, were transported from the Dipping Vat Formation during post-Tertiary erosion makes a Jurassic age for these fossil angiosperms insupportable.     

First trace and body fossil evidence of a burrowing, denning dinosaur

A fossil discovery in the mid-Cretaceous Blackleaf Formation of southwest Montana, USA, has yielded the first trace and body fossil evidence of burrowing behaviour in a dinosaur. Skeletal remains of an adult and two juveniles of Oryctodromeus cubicularis gen. et sp. nov. a new species of hypsilophodont-grade dinosaur, were found in the expanded distal chamber of a sediment-filled burrow. Correspondence between burrow and adult dimensions supports Oryctodromeus as the burrow maker. Additionally, Oryctodromeus exhibits features of the snout, shoulder girdle and pelvis consistent with digging habits while retaining cursorial hindlimb proportions. Association of adult and young within a terminal chamber provides definitive evidence of extensive parental care in the Dinosauria. As with modern vertebrate cursors that dig, burrowing in Oryctodromeus may have been an important adaptation for the rearing of young. Burrowing also represents a mechanism by which small dinosaurs may have exploited the extreme environments of polar latitudes, deserts and high mountain areas. The ability among dinosaurs to find or make shelter may contradict some scenarios of the Cretaceous-Paleogene impact event. Burrowing habits expand the known range of nonavian dinosaur behaviours and suggest that the cursorial ancestry of dinosaurs did not fully preclude the evolution of different functional regimes, such as fossoriality.     

A New Species of the Genus Phyllocladoxylon-Phyllocladoxylon xinqiuensis sp. nov.from the Fuxin Formation in Western Liaoning

In this paper, a new species of the genus Phyllocladoxylon on the basis of fossil woods from the Fuxin Formation in Western Liaoning province, Phyllocladoxylon xinqiuensis sp. nov., is reported and its anatomic structures are described.     

四川自贡大山铺的劳氏灵龙

本文对四川自贡大山铺的劳氏灵龙(Agilisaurus louderbacki)材料作了系统描述,并讨论了它的系统位置及与其它相关属种的关系.经比较:Yandusaurus multidens 应转归灵龙属中,成为灵龙的另一个种——多齿灵龙(Agilisaurus multidens);Xiaosaurus dashanpensis 可作为独立的属种.     

湖北安陆新的恐龙蛋类型的发现及其意义

本文记述的恐龙蛋化石标本,采自湖北省江汉盆地公安寨组下部.蛋化石保存完好.在普通光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察,蛋壳的显微结构完整,清晰可见.根据钙质蛋壳基本结构单位的形态及排列特征,笔者建立了—新属,新种——Dendroolithus wangdianensis gen. et sp. nov.,代表恐龙蛋类一个新科——Dendroolithidae fam. nov.此外,残存的卵壳膜纤维化石的发现,将为进一步研究恐龙蛋卵壳膜的结构和氨基酸组成提供宝贵材料.     

Restudy of some Ordovician–Silurian boundary graptolites from Anticosti Island, Canada, and their biostratigraphic significance

The Ellis Bay Formation on Anticosti Island has long been recognized for the biostratigraphic importance of its latest Ordovician conodont, palynomorph, and shelly fossil assemblages. However, a sparse record of graptolites has made it difficult to correlate these assemblages with the graptolite biozonation. Restudy of some previously described and examination of newly collected normalograptid specimens from the Ellis Bay and lower Becscie formations, however, shows that biostratigraphically important taxa are present and these species provide important constraints on the age of the strata. Normalograptus parvulus and N. minor have been identified in the upper half of the Ellis Bay Formation, suggesting that these strata are late Hirnantian in age ( N. persculptus Biozone). Normalograptus imperfectus and Normalograptus sp. aff. N. acceptus occur in the basal beds of the Becscie Formation, indicating that these strata are earliest Silurian. These graptolite data support the hypothesis that the positive carbon isotope excursion seen in the uppermost strata of the Ellis Bay Formation is isochronous with that seen in the Hirnantian strata at Dob's Linn, Scotland, and does not span much of the lower to mid-Hirnantian, as is the case in Arctic Canada and Nevada, USA.     Anticosti Island , Hirnantian, graptolites, Ordovician, Silurian.