雀儿豆属(豆科)的订正

在鉴定了大量标本的基础之上,作者将海棉豆属9种1亚种转入雀儿豆属,并对4个种和1个亚种作了合并,同时作了一新改级组合。     

The Genus Neottianthe Schltr. (Orchidaceae) in China

Neottianthe is a genus of about 12 species in Orchidaceae, mainly distributed in the temperate and subtropical mountainous regions of Asia, with its distribution and differentiation center in Sichuan and Yunnan of China. In the present paper, all taxa of Neottianthe hitherto recorded in China are discussed from taxonomy, phytogeography, palynology and anatomy. As a result of taxonomical revision, 12 species are recognized, of which nine are endemic to China, including four new species, N. luteola K. Y. Lang et S. C. Chen, N. angustifolia K. Y. Lang, N. oblonga K. Y. Lang and N. ovata K. Y. Lang, and one new combination, N. gymnadenioides(Hand.-Mazz. )K. Y. Lang et S. C. Chen. A key to 12 species is provided.     

Critical Notes on the Genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) of Xinjiang,China

More than thirty species and varieties of Fritillaria have been reported from Xinjiang,incluing many new taxa recently published． A revision of these was made based on mainly herbarium material and literature．As a result,seven species were recognized,including newly recorded F. stenanthera(Regel)Regel,and nine species and twenty-one varieties were reduced to synonyms．     

Biflavonoids from the bark roots of Poincianella pyramidalis (Fabaceae)

Poincianella pyramidalis (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree that grows in semiarid regions of Brazil. Phytochemical investigations on the bark roots of this plant led to the isolation of four new biflavonoids named (+)-5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone-3α-2′′′-hydroxy-4′′′,4′′-dimethoxydihydrochalcone (1), (+)-5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone-3α-2′′′-hydroxy-4′′′,4′′-dimethoxydihydrochalcone (2), (−)-7-hydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone-3α-2′′′,4′′′-dihydroxy-4′′-methoxydihydrochalcone (3), (−)-7,4′-dihydroxy-flavanone-3,8-5′′,6′′,4′′-trihydroxy-flavone (4), and the previously identified compound 4,2′,4′,4′′,2′′′,4′′′-hexahydroxy-3,5′′′-bichalcone (rhuschalcone VI, 5). Their structures were determined by HR-ESI-MS and extensive analyses of NMR spectroscopic data.     

乌拉甘草(豆科)的3个新异名

在考证了模式标本和查阅了大量腊叶标本的基础上,结合野外居群生物学调查工作,作者对分布于蒙古和我国境内的Glycyrrhiza alaschanicaGrankina、G.gobicaGrankina和G.soongoricaGrankina 3种甘草做了归并处理。认为它们属于乌拉甘草(G.uralensisFisch.ex DC.)的变异类型,均处理为乌拉甘草的异名。     

Seed Structure in the Genus Bauhinia L. (fam. Fabaceae Lindl.) in the Context of Taxonomy

We studied seeds in 13 species of the genus Bauhinia L. They can be divided into two groups considerably differing in macro-, micro-, and ultrastructure. The data obtained should be used for the genus taxonomy.     

Re-Establishment of the Genus Ania Lindl. (Orchidaceae)

Ania Lindl. is a small genus of the tribe Collabieae subtribe Collabiinae (Orchidaceae). For the last 150 years, it has generally been treated as a synonym of Tainia Blume. In this study, we critically re-examined morphological characters that have been used to distinguish Ania from Tainia, and assessed the phylogeny of Tainia using morphological and palynological characters. Sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS, chloroplast trnL intron and combined DNA data sets were analysed to clarify the delimitation and the phylogeny of these groups. The morphological and palynological survey revealed a number of useful diagnostic characters which permit a clear definition of Ania, after the exclusion of a single taxonomically questionable species. Results confirmed that Ania is distinct from Tainia. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on molecular data provided the greatest resolution and produced a morphologically well differentiated clade of Ania. In addition to morphological and suggested palynological characters, the phylogenies were also supported by karyological evidence. Our results support the independent generic status of Ania. The genus name Ania is revived and re-established.     

中国梁王茶属植物纪要

在有关模式和产地标本研究的基础上 ,依据Wen&Frodin对该属植物的处理方式 ,对中国梁王茶属MetapanaxFrodinexJ .Wen&Frodin (=NothopanaxMiq .)植物的原有两个变种贡山梁王茶 (Nothopanaxdavidii (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar.gongshangensisShang)、尾叶梁王茶 (Nothopanaxdelavayi (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar.longicaudatusFeng)进行了分类学修订。结果将Nothopanaxdavidii (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar .gongshangensisShang归入异叶梁王茶Metapanaxdavidii (Franch .)FrodinexJ .Wen&Frodin (=Nothopanaxdavidii (Franch .)HarmsexDiels)做为该种的新异名 ;并将尾叶梁王茶Nothopanaxdelavayi (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar .longicaudatusFeng移入Metapanax属下 ,命名为Metapanaxdelavayi (Franch .)FrodinexJ .Wen&Frodinvar .longicaudatus (Feng)R .Li&H .Li;此外 ,对国内有关专著中梁王茶属植物的学名作了相应的订正。     

铁线莲属绣球藤组修订

笔者在中国科学院植物研究所标本馆和欧、美一些著名植物标本馆研究了铁线莲属植物标本之后,完成了此属绣球藤组的修订,确定此组含有22种和23变种。本文还提供了组下分类群的检索表、各种植物的形态描述、地理分布、生长环境等,并附有多幅插图。笔者曾在2000年根据此组的重要形态特征的演化趋势制定出一个新分类系统,此系统在本修订中继续得到应用。此组重要形态特征的演化趋势的原始状态是：萼片平展,呈倒卵形,顶端圆形或钝,外面边缘无狭短绒毛带;雄蕊花药呈长圆形或狭长圆形,药隔顶端不突出;花组成具花序梗和2枚分生苞片的聚伞花序,生于当年生枝叶腋。衍生状态是：萼片斜上展或近直立,变狭呈长圆形、长椭圆形、披针形或倒披针形,顶端急尖、渐尖或渐狭,外面边缘出现狭短绒毛带(仅文山铁线莲一种);雄蕊花药呈条形,药隔顶端有小突起;花组成具花序梗和2苞片合生形成总苞的聚伞花序,或花单生,只具花梗,而无花序梗和苞片,自老枝的腋芽中生出。在铁线莲属近300种植物中,具有上述原始特征的只有6种：短梗铁线莲C．brevipes、美花铁线莲C．potaninii、绣球藤C．montana、薄叶铁线莲C．gracilifolia、丽叶铁线莲C．venusta和金毛钱线莲C．chrysocoma。这6种中有5种特产我国西南部横断山区一带,只1种(绣球藤)分布较广,东自我国台湾省向西经过我国亚热带山区分布到喜马拉雅西部。此外,简要回顾了本组的分类历史,绘出本组分布区图,以及讨论了铁线莲属中具花序梗和二苞片的聚伞花序在此属各演化路线中出现的简化成仅具花梗单花的现象。     

Karyotypic studies on species of Phaseolus (Fabaceae: Phaseolinae)

Ten karyotypes of Phaseolus were analyzed. Possible directions of karyological evolution of those species are suggested. All species studied have karyotypes composed exclusively of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, except P. filiformis with all metacentrics, and P. chiapasanus with one pair of subtelocentric chromosomes. Secondary constrictions and satellites are common among species studied. Phaseolus leptostachyus, P. micranthus, and P. macvaughii are considered as aneuploids with 2n= 20, whereas the rest of the species have 2n= 22.     

Light perception for sun-tracking is on the lamina in Crotalaria pallida (Fabaceae)

Trifoliolate leaves of Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Fabaceae) exhibit sun-tracking behavior in simulated days and in response to a fixed, oblique light. The site of light perception for sun-tracking is on the lamina, necessitating transport of a signal from the lamina to the site of response (the pulvinule at the base of the leaflet). Evidence for the site of light perception on the lamina includes the following: (1) leaflet movement in response to oblique light is not affected by shading the pulvinule or by illuminating the pulvinule with vertical light; (2) leaflet movement is stopped by shading the lamina while illuminating the pulvinule with oblique light. The proximal end of the leaflet is the most sensitive region for light perception. Light reaching the midveins is not necessary for leaflet reorientation. Presentation times of as little as 10 min followed by darkness resulted in partial leaflet movement in young leaves. This indicates that the signal was not inductive in nature. Estimates of the rate of signal transport range from 3 to 12 cm/h, within the range of phloem transport.     

Revision of Lactuca L. and Two New Genera of Tribe Lactuceae (Compositae) on the Mainland of Asia (Cont.)

Having mixed extremely various patterns of achenes for a long time in the genus Lactuca L., especially showed in the classification of it on the mainland of Asia, Lactuca L., the primary unnatural genus, becomes more nuclear in its limit. The present paper makes a revision to attempt providing a clear cline between Lactuca L. and its relative genera. On my opinion, only plants, represented by Lactuca sativa L., which have ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, numerous (7-25), yellow ligular florets and longitudinal 1-10 ribs or striae on each side of achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex, should be defined as Lactuca L. In view of the present concept of Lactuca L., another group of plants, embodied by Lactuca indica L., having its broadening, thin winged-margin of, 1-3 striae on each side of achenes, black, dorsi-ventral compressed, acute into thick and short beak at its apex, evidently, should not be placed into Lactuca L., but be regarded as genus, i.e. Pterocypsela Shih, gen. nov. Pterocypsela Shih distributes in Eastern and southern Asia, where Lactuca L. does not occur. In China there is all of species, seven species, of Pterocypsela Shih. They are P. raddeana (Maxim.) Shih, P. indica (L.) Shih, P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih P. lacciniata (Houtt.) Shih, P. triangulata (Maxim.) Shih, P. sonchus (Lévl.) Shih and P. formosana (Maxim.) Shih, But in Mediterranean regions and Middle and Western Asia mainly distributes Lactu ca L., in which there are only seven species from western China, Xijiang autonomic district. They are L. dolichophylla Kitam., L. sativa L., L. altaica Fisch. et Mey., L. serriola Torner, L. dissecta Don, L. auriculata DC. and L. undulata Ledb. With the combination of violet-purple ligular florets non-ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, a little thick achenes, acuminate into longer. or short beak at its apex and 4-6 ribs on each side of it, Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. is evidently different from Lactuca sativa L. with combination of ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, yellow ligular florets and compres sed achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex. There seems to be no point in refusing Mu lgedium Cass. as a genus. Strictly speak, Mulgedium Cass. seems to be reminiscent of Para prenanthes Chang (see bellow) without beak at the apex of its achenes. In Hengduan moun tains and mountain range of Himalayas M. tataricum (L.) DC. discoveries its relative par tners. They are M. bracteatum (Mook. f. ex. C. B. Clarke) Shih, M. lessertianum (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) DC., M. monocephalum (Chang) Shih, M. umbrosum (Dunn) Shih, M. meridionale Shih and M. polypodifolium (Franch.) Shih. Having broadering and thickening margin and 4-7 striae on each side of achenes, grey, dorsi-ventral compressed, truncate and beakless at its apex, Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex Maxim. (Sonchus sibiricus L.) is not only different from Lactuca sativa L. with the combination of yellow ligular florets and filiform beak at apex of its achenes, but also from the genus Mulgedium Cass. with beak at apex of its achenes. Therefore, Lagedium Sojak, established by J. Sojak (1961), should be restored. It should be point out that Lagedium Sojak is monotypic genus excluding Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. with beak at the apex of its achenes, non-marginated. Lagedium Sojak widely distributes in temperate and frigid zone ofvnorthern hemisphere. In our country, Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak, sole species of the genus, restricts its northeast region. Paraprenanthes Chang, the new genus, established by Ch. Ch. Chang (1950) based on Lactuca sororia Miq. and Lactuca yunnanensis Franch. seems to be a distinct genus. This genus is characterized by 4-6 ribs on each side of achenes, black, fusiform, a little thick and beakless at its apex. Besides above-mentioned two species, assigned by Chang, in forest of tropic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia there are many species with same structure in achenes like L. sororia Miq. and L. yunnanensis Franch. The genus Paraprenanthes Chang seems to be reminiscants of Mulgedium Cass. and Lagedium Sojak, but differs from the former in its beakless achenes, from the later in its non-marginated achenes and 4-6 ribs on each side of it. In our country, there are all species of the genus known in the tropic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia. They are P. sororia (Miq.) Shih, P. yunnanensis (Franch.) Shih, P. longiloba Ling et Shih, sp. nov., P. heptontha Shih et D. J. Liou, sp. nov., P. prenanthoides (Hemsl.) Shih, P. pilipes (Migo) Shih, P. thirionii (Lévl.) Shih, P. sylvicola Shih., sp. nov., P. multiformis Shih, sp. nov., P. auriculiformis Shih, sp. nov. and P. sagittiformis Shih, sp. nov.     

A new species of Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae) from Central Apennine (Italy)

Abstract

Lathyrus apenninus, from beech woods margins and scrub in the Central Apennine (Italy), is described as a species new to science. The relationship of L. apenninus with L. linifolius, which it had been confused with, is briefly discussed.     

铁线莲属研究随记(Ⅴ)

(1)描述了9新种,4新变种;做出了2新等级,1新组合和1新名称。(2)归并了以下拉丁学名： Clematis dioica L．ssp．virginiana(L．)Kuntze var．bahamica Kuntze,C．bahamica (Kuntze) Britton,C．orbic- ulata Correll,C．brasiliana DC．var．laxa St．Hilaire,C．perulata Kuntze,C．barranacae Jones,C．discolor Gardn., C．laxiflora Baker,C．bathiei Lévl．和C．mauritiana Lam．var．sulfurea Viguier &; Perrier。(3)对威灵仙C．chinensis Osbeck的5个变种进行了分类;特产日本的C．fujisanensis Hisauti &; Hara与C.chinensis 极为相近,主要区别在于具较大的花,但有时花与C.chinensis的花同样大,由于区别不大,在本文中被 降级作变种处理;与其近缘、具强烈退化花序、特产华东的C．anhweiensis M．C．Chang也随之被处理为 变种。(4)瑞典学者Johnson在最近出版的铁线莲属专著中将特产西印度群岛东部的C．Flukenetii DC． 归并于特产美国东南部的C．catesbyana Pursh;本文不同意他做出的归并,并列出了这两个种的明显区 别特征,确认后者是一个应该得到承认的独立的种。(5)根据墨西哥标本描述的C．acapulcensis Hook． &; Arn．原知分布于中美一带,而其在南美的居群和一小叶多毛的新变种(var．puberula)过去长期间被误 定为其近缘种C．affinis St．Hilaire;这个混乱在本文中得到澄清,同时,本文给出了这二近缘种的区别 特征。(6)Viguier和Perrier两位学者在上世纪四十年代末研究马达加斯加一带的黄花铁线莲组-怀特铁 线莲亚组(sect．Meclatis subsect．Wightianae)植物时做出了不少错误鉴定：(a)将特产马达加斯加的具三 出复叶的C．mauritiana Lam. var．mauritiana,var．coriacea和C．microcuspis Baker,以及具单叶的C．ac- tinostemmatifolia W．T．Wang均鉴定为分布于非洲大陆的C．simensis Fresen., 并将后者作为分布于亚洲和欧洲的C．orientalis L．的亚种处理;(b)将特产马达加斯加具三出复叶的C．laxiflora Baker和具一回羽状复叶的C．ibarensis Baker鉴定为特产印度南部的C．wightiana Wall.,也将后者作为C．orientalis的亚种处理;(c)将特产科摩罗(Comoros)具二回羽状复叶的C．comoresensis W．T. Wang鉴定为C．brachiata Thunb.,也将后者作为C．orientalis L．的亚种处理;(d)将C．ibarensis Baker(具一回羽状复叶和两性花)这一拉丁学名用在了另一特产马达加斯加具2～3回羽状复叶和单性花、应属于单性铁线莲组sect． Aspidanthera的种(C．rutoides W．T．Wang)之上;(e)将另一特产马达加斯加具一回羽状复叶和单性花、 也属于单性铁线莲组的C．edentata Baker(＝C．insidiosa Baill．)降级作为这两位学者曲解的C．ibarensis Baker的亚种处理;(f)将特产马达加斯加的C．dissecta Baker归并到属于茴芹叶铁线莲组(sect． Pseudanemone)的C．pimpindllifolia Hook．中。此次本文第五部分继去年第一、二部分之后对上述混乱情况做出了完全澄清,并给出了分布于马达加斯加及其邻近岛屿的怀特铁线莲亚组8种植物的检索表;由于C．ibarensis Baker的定义被上述两位学者严重误解,本文根据较多具花、果的标本写出了此种完整、正确的形态描述。     

Notes on the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae)

( 1 ) Nine species and 4 varieties are described as new, and 2 new ranks, 1 new combination, and 1 new name are proposed. (2) Clematis dioica L. ssp. virginiana (L.) Kuntze var. bahamica Kuntze, C. bahamica (Kuntze) Britton, C. orbiculata Correll, C. brasiliana DC. var. laxa St. Hilaire, C. perulata Kuntze, C. barrancae Jones, C. discolor Gardn., C. laxiflora Baker, C. bathiei Lévl., and C. mauritiana Lam. var. sulfurea Viguier & Perrier are reduced into synonymy. (3) A new classification for the varieties of C. chinensis Osbeck is proposed. (4) The specific status of C. flukenetii DC. is discussed and confirmed. (5) The differences between C. acapulcensis Hook. & Arn., the South American population of which has been misidentified as C. affinis St. Hilaire, and its close ally, C. affinis St. Hilaire, are given. (6) The taxonomical confusion made by Viguier and Perrier about the species belonging to sect. Meclatis subsect. Wightianae distributed in Madagascar and adjoining islands is clarified, and an enumera-tion of them with a key is given.     

土圞儿属和旋花豆属(豆科)的孢粉学研究

在扫描电子显微镜下,对豆科土儿属(Ap ios)和旋花豆属(Coch lianthus)7个种植物的花粉进行了观察.结果表明,2个属的花粉均为三孔沟,形状为三角球形或球形.土儿属的花粉可划分为2种类型:肉色土儿(A.carnea)的花粉外壁为典型的网状纹饰,其它种的花粉外壁较光滑,具颗粒状或短条纹状纹饰,研究结果不支持土儿属下亚属的划分;肉色土儿花粉外壁的网状纹饰式样可能反映了其在土儿属中处在较进化的位置.土儿属东亚分布种的花粉类型较为多样,原始和进化2种类型并存,表明东亚可能是土儿属的起源地和演化中心.旋花豆属的花粉特征和肉色土儿相似,说明两者之间的亲缘关系可能较近.     

Cotyledon areoles in Bobgunnia (Fabaceae: Swartzieae)

Cotyledon areoles, a seed character unique to papilionoid legumes, are reported for the first time in the legume tribe Swartzieae, an anomalous group sometimes considered to be intermediate between subfamilies Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae. Bobgunnia madagascariensis has a linear, slightly branched cotyledon areole on the abaxial surface of each cotyledon. Previous reports of other papilionoid seed features in this species are confirmed and extended. These highly distinctive papilionoid seed structures, and recent reports from floral ontogeny and molecular systematics which show Bobgunnia to be closely related to Swartzia and several other genera of Swartzieae, add further evidence to assertions that Swartzia seed structures are derived by simplification from a papilionoid seed, and not by retention of less specialized caesalpinioid seed features. The function and evolutionary advantage of cotyledon areoles are unknown and need investigation. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159 , 287–291.     

Pyrrolidine alkaloids and their glycosylated derivatives from the root bark of Dichrostachys cinerea (L) Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the root bark of Dichostachys cinerea (Fabaceae) led to the isolation and characterization of 3 new pyrrolidine-derived compounds with 12 carbon side chain and their glycosides. The structures of these compounds (1–3) were established using spectroscopic analytical methods comprising NMR experiments, ESI and HR-ESIMS mass spectrometry, and mass tandem spectrometry. The compounds are related to some polyhydroxypyrrolidine type-iminosugars (broussonetinine and broussonetine) found in the restrictive plant families Moraceae, Campanulaceae and Hyacinthaceae, but with, no hydroxyl group on the pyrrolidine ring. Pyrrolidines with long-side chains have been found in the plant family, Araceae (Arisarum vulgare). The presence of compounds 1–3 in D. cinerea expands the range of distribution of pyrrolidine and its derivatives in plants, and thus presenting a new addition to the molecular diversity of pyrrolidine which could explain some of pharmacological properties of sourced plants.