导入蜘蛛杀虫肽基因的烟草具有抗虫性

用带有杀虫肽基因的农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍ ｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）ＬＢＡ４４０４ 转化烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ ）叶片,共获得３０ 株抗卡那霉素的再生植株． 用这些再生植株对棉铃虫（Ｈｅｌｉｏｔｈｉｓａｒｍ ｉｇｅｒａ）进行毒力测定,有３ 株转杀虫肽基因植株对棉铃虫有较强抗性． 与对照相比,这３ 株转基因烟草的杀虫率可达３０％～４５％ ,并能显著抑制昆虫蜕皮和生长发育,表现出明显的抗虫作用． 以这３ 株为主进行了ＰＣＲ 扩增及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ实验,结果表明杀虫肽基因已插入到这３ 株植株的基因组中并表达出有活性的杀虫肽     

Expression of snowdrop lectin (GNA) in transgenic rice plants confers resistance to rice brown planthopper

Snowdrop lectin ( Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) has been shown previously to be toxic towards rice brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens ; BPH) when administered in artificial diet. BPH feeds by phloem abstraction, and causes ‘hopper burn’, as well as being an important virus vector. To evaluate the potential of the gna gene to confer resistance towards BPH, transgenic rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants were produced, containing the gna gene in constructs where its expression was driven by a phloem-specific promoter (from the rice sucrose synthase RSs1 gene) and by a constitutive promoter (from the maize ubiquitin ubi1 gene). PCR and Southern analyses on DNA from these plants confirmed their transgenic status, and that the transgenes were transmitted to progeny after self-fertilization. Western blot analyses revealed expression of GNA at levels of up to 2.0% of total protein in some of the transgenic plants. GNA expression driven by the RSs1 promoter was tissue-specific, as shown by immunohistochemical localization of the protein in the non-lignified vascular tissue of transgenic plants. Insect bioassays and feeding studies showed that GNA expressed in the transgenic rice plants decreased survival and overall fecundity (production of offspring) of the insects, retarded insect development, and had a deterrent effect on BPH feeding. gna is the first transgene to exhibit insecticidal activity towards sap-sucking insects in an important cereal crop plant.     

Transgenic loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plants expressing a modified delta-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis with enhanced resistance to Dendrolimus punctatus Walker and Crypyothelea formosicola Staud

A synthetic version of the CRY1Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis has been used for the transformation of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using particle bombardment. Mature zygotic embryos were used to be bombarded and to generate organogenic callus and transgenic regenerated plants. Expression vector pB48.215 DNA contained a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) CRY1Ac coding sequence flanked by the double cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator sequences, and the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene controlled by the promoter of the nopaline synthase gene was introduced into loblolly pine tissues by particle bombardment. The transformed tissues were proliferated and selected on media with kanamycin. Shoot regeneration was induced from the kanamycin-resistant calli, and transgenic plantlets were then produced. More than 60 transformed plants from independent transformation events were obtained for each loblolly pine genotype tested. The integration and expression of the introduced genes in the transgenic loblolly pine plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) analysis, by Southern hybridization, by Northern blot analysis, and by Western blot analysis. Effective resistance of transgenic plants against Dendrolimus punctatus Walker and Crypyothelea formosicola Staud was verified in feeding bioassays with the insects. The transgenic plants recovered could represent a good opportunity to analyse the impact of genetic engineering of pine for sustainable resistance to pests using a B. thuringiensis insecticidal protein. This protocol enabled the routine transformation of loblolly pine plants that were previously difficult to transform.     

甘蓝型油菜抗虫转基因植株及其抗性分析

通过油菜子叶外植体－农杆菌共培养法将苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白基因导入甘蓝型油菜,获得抗虫的转基因植株。带有１￣２ｍｍ子叶柄的油菜子叶经农杆菌感染后,共培养２￣３天,然后转移到附加１５ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的ＭＳ选择培养基上筛选转化愈伤组织及不定芽。卡那霉素抗性苗相继在含２０￣５０ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的选择培养基上继代培养,再转移到含２５ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的生根培养基上诱导生根。以苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白基因为探针,进行１     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens－mediated transformation of rice with the spider insecticidal gene conferring resistance to leaffolder and striped stem borer

Immature embryos of rice varieties "Xiushuill" and "Chunjiang 11" precultured for 4d were infected and transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pExT7 (containing the spider insecticidal gene). The resistant calli were transferred onto the differentiation medium and plants were regenerated. The transformation frequency reached 56% approximately 72% measured as numbers of Geneticin (G418)-resistant calli produced and 36% approximately 60% measured as numbers of transgenic plants regenerated, respectively. PCR and Southern blot analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that the T-DNA had been integrated into the rice genome. Insect bioassays using T1 transgenic plants indicated that the mortality of the leaffolder (Cnaphalocrasis medinalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 38% approximately 61% and the corrected mortality of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 16% approximately 75%. The insect bioassay results demonstrated that the transgenic plants expressing the spider insecticidal protein conferred enhanced resistance to these pests.     

Effects of Transgenic Petunia Expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin on Selected Lepidopteran Pests

Toxicity of 11 transgenic petunia lines expressing the CryIA (c) insecticidal crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp . kurstaki was investigated using lepidopteran neonates Spodoptera exigua, Trichoplusia ni and Manduca sexta. Mortality of S. exigua, T. ni and M. sexta varied within and among transgenic petunia lines . Bioassay results demonstrated that levels of CryIA (c) expression obtained in 7 out of the 11 transgenic petunia lines produced at least 50% mortality in S. exigua and T. ni, and all 11 transgenic lines produced more than 80% mortality in M. sexta. Demographic analysis of the biological impact of transgenic petunia on S. exigua revealed that sub - lethal feeding on transgenic petunia significantly reduced larval weight and prolonged larval and pupal development times . Continuous feeding on transgenic petunia significantly reduced lifetime fecundity , egg hatch and longevity in female and male moths . Compared with insects fed continuously on non - transgenic petunia , lifetime fecundity and net reproductive rate were reduced by 58 and 84% in insects fed continuously on transgenic petunia respectively . Mean generation time was 8 days longer for insects fed continuously on transgenic petunia than for insects fed on non - transgenic petunia . Ovipositional attractiveness of transgenic petunia to S. exigua with respect to non - transgenic tomato or lettuce plants was similar , suggesting that petunia / tomato and petunia / lettuce may not be effective trap - cropping combinations . The potential and implications of using transgenic petunia as trap plants interplanted with crop plants for management of lepidopteran pests in the field are discussed .     

Transgenic plants of rutabaga (Brassica napobrassica) tolerant to pest insects

Cotyledons cut from axenic seedlings were immersed inAgrobacterium tumefaciens suspension which was treated with acetosyringone and nopaline at low pH overnight. The infected cotyledon explants were cultured on MSB medium (MS salts + B₅ Vitamins) containing 6-BA 3mg/1 for 2–3 days, and transferred onto selective medium (MSB with kanamycin 50–100 mg/l). Kanamycin-resistant shoots were selected. More than 60 regenerated plants were obtained. About 60% of the plants showed high NPT II activity. Southern blot hybridization showed that some of the plants gave a positive signal with the insecticidal crystal protein gene (cry IA gene) probe, and exhibited tolerant to insects such asPieris rapae (cabbage caterpillar) in leaf feeding experiments. Kanamycin-resistance and insect-resistance were maintained in the progeny.Abbreviations 6-BA 6-benzylaminopurine - IBA indole-3-butyric acid - CryIA gene bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein genecryIA - NPT II neomycin phosphotransferase II     

转单、双Bt基因741杨外源基因表达和抗虫性比较

【目的】研究联合使用两种或两种以上的抗虫基因的抗虫效果, 同时鉴定并筛选出转双Bt基因741杨对鳞翅目和鞘翅目害虫有较强抗性的株系。【方法】选取转三基因（Cry3Aa+Cry1Ac+API）741杨8个株系、 转双基因（Cry1Ac+API）741杨1个株系和转单基因（Cry3Aa）741杨3个株系为试材, 从外源基因PCR检测、 毒蛋白表达和抗虫性三方面对转基因株系进行对比分析。【结果】经PCR扩增后各转基因株系出现了预期的电泳条带。ELISA蛋白检测显示转基因株系中都有与所含基因相应的Bt杀虫蛋白表达。用转基因株系新鲜叶片进行柳蓝叶甲Plagiodera versicolora和美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea室内饲虫实验表明： 转入不同抗虫基因的杨树对昆虫的抗性具有选择性, 对非靶标昆虫没有毒杀作用。转双Bt基因741杨具有双抗性, 不同转基因株系表现出高中低的抗性水平： 在对柳蓝叶甲的抗性上, 筛选出的其中5个高抗株系（pCCA1, pCCA2, pCCA5, pCCA6和pCCA9）的抗性水平明显比含Cry3Aa单Bt基因的3个高抗株系（pCC11, pCC53和pCC84）高; 在对美国白蛾的抗性上, 有7个株系（pCCA2~pCCA7和pCCA9）的抗性水平与含Cry1Ac单Bt基因株系（pB29）表现一致, 只有1个株系（pCCA1）对美国白蛾表现出了极低的抗性。【结论】多个抗虫基因在741杨上的联合使用, 不仅扩大了抗虫谱, 其中的高抗株系还具有了更高的抗虫能力, 有效地发挥了基因的叠加效应。     

表达多肽抗生素apidaecin的转基因烟草及其抗病性的初步分析

将多肽抗生素apidaecin基因与病程相关蛋白的信号肽序列融合,构建了apidaecin的分泌型植物表达载体、apidaecin与另一多肽抗生素Shiva\|I的双价分泌型植物表达载体,以本实验室原来构建的Shiva-I分泌型植物表达载体做对照,转化了模式植物烟草。对3种转基因植物进行了分子检测,转化再生苗95%为PCR阳性,Southern杂交结果进一步证明外源基因已经整合到了烟草基因组中,RT-PCR检测表明外源基因可以在转基因烟草内正常转录。对T0代转基因烟草进行烟草野火病的抗病性实验,从3种转基因烟草中都得到了抗病植株,病情指数分析的初步结果显示,双价转基因烟草抗病性最好,apidaecin的次之,Shiva-I的最差。     

Host-plant diversity of the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis: what value for sustainable transgenic insecticidal Bt maize?

The strategies proposed for delaying the development of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxins produced by transgenic maize require high levels of gene flow between individuals feeding on transgenic and refuge plants. The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) may be found on several host plants, which may act as natural refuges. The genetic variability of samples collected on sagebrush (Artemisia sp.), hop (Humulus lupulus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) was studied by comparing the allozyme frequencies for six polymorphic loci. We found a high level of gene flow within and between samples collected on the same host plant. The level of gene flow between the sagebrush and hop insect samples appeared to be sufficiently high for these populations to be considered a single genetic panmictic unit. Conversely, the samples collected on maize were genetically different from those collected on sagebrush and hop. Three of the six loci considered displayed greater between-host-plant than within-host-plant differentiation in comparisons of the group of samples collected on sagebrush or hop with the group of samples collected on maize. This indicates that either there is genetic isolation of the insects feeding on maize or that there is host-plant divergent selection at these three loci or at linked loci. These results have important implications for the potential sustainability of transgenic insecticidal maize.     

Field evaluation and risk assessment of transgenic indica basmati rice

We report the first field trial of different transgenic lines of Indica Basmati rice (B-370) expressing cry1Ac and cry2A genes. Different transgenic lines were grown under field conditions for two consecutive years, according to RCBD and Split Plot Design respectively. All the biosafety measures were taken into consideration. Sixty neonate larvae of yellow stem borer were artificially infested into each plant in three installments. Data was recorded in terms of dead hearts and white heads at vegetative and flowering stage respectively. Transgenic lines exhibited inherent ability to protect rice plants from target insects (p<0.01). Natural infestations of rice skipper and rice leaf folder were also observed and transgenic plants were statistically superior to their untransformed counterparts. Green house whole plant bioassays were done by infesting two 2^nd instar larvae of rice leaf folder per tiller. Transgenics were 96% more resistant than untransformed control plants. The presence of cry genes was observed with Dot blot, PCR and Southern blot analysis, while ELISA and Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of Cry proteins. All lines expressed higher level of Cry proteins when compared with commercially released cultivars of Bt cotton, maize and potato. It was also observed that although toxin titer substantially decreased with increasing age of the plants, it remained well within the limits to kill the target insects. Morphological studies showed significant variation for days to maturity, plant height and panicle length. Cooking qualities of seeds harvested from these lines were compared with the untransformed control. The transgenic lines had no effect on non-target insects (insects belonging to orders other than diptera and lepidoptera) and germination of three local varieties of wheat. Chances of gene spread were calculated at a level of 0.18% cross pollination in experimental lines.     

转双基因烟草对棉铃虫的杀虫活性评价

以含Ｂｔ杀虫蛋白基因（单基因）烟草和常规烟草为对照,系统测定了含Ｂｔ与豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂蛋白基因（双基因）的抗虫烟草对棉铃虫不同龄期幼虫的杀虫活性。结果表明：１￣３龄幼虫取食转双基因烟草３ｄ后死亡率为８０．５％￣９９．３％,取食６ｄ后死亡率达１００％,均显著高于转单基因烟草。２龄幼虫取食转基因烟草３ｄ后死亡率为８０．５％￣９９．３％,取食６ｄ后死亡率达１００％,均显著高于转单基因烟草。２龄幼虫取食     

转BmK IT4基因烟草的抗虫性

The BmK IT4 gene was obtained from pBS-BmK IT4 by EcoRⅠ/KpnⅠdigestion and it was then cloned into pE3 intermediate vector. The resulting plasmid was named pE3-BmK IT4. The chimeric gene was transferred into the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Forty-five regenerated kanamycin resistant plants were obtained, two individual lines showed strong toxicity to Manduca sexta (Linnaeus), Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura) by feeding experiments. Results from Southern blot indicated that BmK IT4 gene was transferred into tobacco genome. The mortality of M．sexta, H．armigera and L．glycinivorella larvae fed on transgenic plants was 95%-97%, 63%-70% and 65%-73%, respectively, and the growth of the surviving insects was remarkably retarded.     

Transgenic Tobacco Plants with a Fully Synthesized GFM CryIA Gene Provide Effective Tobacco Bollworm (Heliothis armigera) Control

GFM CrylA gene is a fully modified synthetic gene derived from insecticidal crystal prorein gene of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). It was synthesized based on the codon usage of plant genes instead of changing the primary sequences of amino acids of insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) gene of Bacillus thuringiensis Htibner. To test the function of the synthetic GFM CrylA gene, we introduced the GFM CrylA gene into tobacco plant cells via an Agrobacterium tumefacieus (Smith et Townsedn) Conn binary vector system. As expected, the GFM CrylA gene is expressed under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and allows efficient production of lepidopteran insectspecific toxic proteins in the transformed tobacco plants. Bioassays using transgenic tobacco plants with tobacco bollworm showed that the transgenic tobacco plants expressing proteins of GFM CrylA gene had effective control to tobacco bollworm. In this paper the authors firstly report the complete synthesis of GFM CryIA gene and the construction of plant expression vector pGBI4AB. The authors performed introduction of the synthetic GFM CrylA gene into the tobacco plants, and the integration of GFM CrylA gene into tobacco genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis of the tobacco genomic DNA. The gene was efficiently expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants and effective tobacco bollworm control was verified by the insect-bioassays.     

Transformation of Populus tomentosa with Insecticidal Cowpea Proteinase Inhibitor Gene

Cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) gene, an insecticidal gene, was introduced into poplar ( Populus tomentosa Carr. ) by gene transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefac/ens (Smith et Townsend) Conn. The influences on regeneration and transformation frequency of poplar by the concentration and addition of kanamycin were compared. Kanamycin resistant (Kmr) plantlets were obtained by 3 -4 cycles screening in selective condition. The ability of leaf regeneration and shoot subculture and rooting from the transformed and non-transformed plants in the presence of 50 mg/L kanamycin was examined. The presence of CpTI gene in the transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and PCR-Southern blot. Assay on proteinase inhibition activity demonstrated that leaf protein extracts of the transgenic poplar showed higher inhibition activity against trypsin than that of control plants.     

桃蚜MpAChE基因RNAi表达载体构建及转化

通过害虫取食植物表达害虫发育关键基因dsRNA的转基因植株,分析能否通过抑制害虫特定基因的表达来防控害虫。本研究利用RT-PCR技术从桃蚜中克隆乙酰胆碱酯酶基因383 bp cDNA片段,命名为MpAChE。进一步利用该MpAChE基因片段构建植物RNAi表达载体RNAi-MpAChE,并通过浸花法转化野生型拟南芥,通过卡那霉素抗性筛选转化植株,PCR及Southern杂交进一步鉴定转基因植株。结果表明:克隆的cDNA片段与桃蚜中已克隆的乙酰胆碱酯酶(GenBank登录号AY147797)cDNA序列核苷酸一致性为99%。卡那霉素抗性初步筛选和PCR进一步鉴定,获得25株阳性转基因植株。从25株中随机选择的5株阳性植株,Southern杂交均为阳性。经接种桃蚜初步鉴定,转基因植株对蚜虫的抗性效果不显著。     

抗草甘膦抗虫植物表达载体的构建及其转基因烟草的分析

构建了含草甘膦抗性突变基因（aroAM12）和人工合成重组Bt抗虫基因（Bts1m）的植物表达载体pCM12_s1m。aroAM12基因的表达由CaMV35S启动子控制,Bts1m基因的表达由2E_CaMV35S启动子和Ω因子控制。通过农杆菌介导,将aroAM12和Bts1m基因转化到烟草中,转基因烟草通过在含草甘膦的MS培养基上筛选而获得。Southern blot分析表明所有经过草甘膦筛选出的转化植株都整合有aroAM12基因,约70%的转化植株同时整合有aroAM12和Bts1m基因。Northern blot、Immunodot blot分析进一步证明整合的两个基因在转录、翻译水平上均进行了表达,不同植株之间表达存在着差异。草甘膦抗性和虫试实验证明,获得的转基因烟草对草甘膦和烟青虫具有很强的抗性。