10种百合属植物的传粉生物学

对百合属（Ｌｉｌｉｕｍ）１０种植物的自花传粉和中间传粉进行了初步观察分析,结果为：轮叶百合、有斑渥丹、王百合及毛百合自花不孕。川百合和条叶百合同株异花授粉和亲和性好于同花授粉的亲和性。在常规授粉条件下,种间授粉亲和性与形态学亲缘关系不完全一致。在１３组杂交组合中,同是卷瓣组的细叶百合和垂花百合,正反交分别得到１６％和２５％的有胚种子;同为钟花组的毛百合和有斑渥丹,正反交均不座果;卷瓣组的条叶百合×     

Determination of internal dynamics of deoxyriboses in the DNA hexamer d(CGTACG)2 by 1H NMR

The conformations and internal dynamics of the deoxyriboses of d(CGTACG)₂ have been determined by NMR measurements at 15°C. The conformations of the sugars were determined using coupling constants and time-dependent NOE measurements. The J-splitting patterns of the H1, H2 and H2 resonances show that the sugars exist as mixtures of conformations near C2 endo (south) and C3 endo (north). The population of the south conformation was larger for the purines than for the pyrimidines. The overall tumbling time of the molecule in ²H₂O was determined from measurements of the cross relaxation rate constant for the H6-H5 vectors of the two cytosine residues. Order parameters were determined for the H1-H2, H2-H2 and H2-H3 vectors from measurements of cross relaxation rate constants, making use of multi-spin analysis of the NOE build up rates. These order parameters are weakly dependent of the base sequence, and except for the terminal Cyt 1 residue, the H2-H2 and H2-H3 vectors are near unity, indicating the absence of rapid pseudorotation on the nanosecond time scale. However, the order parameter for the H1-H2 vector is significantly smaller than expected for rapid pseudorotation indicating the presence of other motions of the sugars. This motion must be about an effective axis parallel to the H2-H vector, and to occur with an angular fluctuation of about 30°.The results show that to obtain highly refined structures for nucleic acids by NMR the effects of spin diffusion and motional averaging cannot be ignored.Some of this work was presented as a poster at the 30^th Experimental NMR Conference at Asilomar, California 1989     

Anisotropic rotation in nucleic acid fragments: significance for determination of structures from NMR data

Proton-proton relaxation rate constants depend on the angle between the internuclear vector and the principal axis of rotation in symmetric top molecules. It is possible to determine to rotational correlation times of the equivalent ellipsoid for DNA fragments from a knowledge of the axial ratio and the cross-relaxation rate constant for the cytosine H6-H5 vectors. The cross-relaxation rate constants for the cytosine H6-H5 vectors have been measured in the 14-base-pair sequence dGCTGTTGACAATTA.dTAATTGTCAACAGC at four temperatures. The results, along with literature data for DNA fragments ranging from 6 to 20 base pairs can be accounted for by a simple hydrodynamic equation based on the formalism of Woessner (1962). The measured cross-relaxation rate constant is independent of position in the sequence and is consistent with the absence of large amplitude internal motions on the Larmor time scale. All the data can be described by a simple hydrodynamic model, which accounts for the rotational anisotropy of the DNA fragments and allows the correlation time for end-over-end tumbling to be determined if the approximate rise per base pair is known. This is the correlation time that dominates the spectral density functions for internucleotide vectors and is significantly different from that calculated for a sphere of the same hydrodynamic volume for fragments containing more than about 14 base pairs. This method therefore allows NOE intensities used for structure calculation of nucleic acids to be treated more rigorously. Offprint requests to: A.N. Lane     

细胞学方法在木兰科杂交育种早期鉴定中的应用

研究了木兰科 1个属内种间杂交组合红花山玉兰 (Magnoliadelavayi) (♀ )×广玉兰(M grandiflora) (♂ )和 1个属间杂交组合红花山玉兰 (♀ )×乐东拟单性木兰 (Parakmerialotungensis) (♂ )的亲本及F1代的染色体数目和形态。结果表明 ,前者的杂交后代染色体数目为 76条 ,正好是二倍体红花山玉兰 (2n =2x =38)和六倍体广玉兰 (2n =6x =114 )的半数之和 ,且在F1代的分裂中期染色体具大小两种类型 ,可以明显看出来自红花山玉兰的染色体较大 ,而来自广玉兰的染色体较短小 ,这证明该F1为两者的杂交种 ;而后者的杂交后代染色体数仅为 38条 ,而不是二倍体山玉兰和六倍体乐东拟单性木兰 (2n =6x =114 )的半数之和 ,且所有染色体形态都与红花山玉兰相同这证明该F1代不是真正的杂交种 ,可能是无融合生殖的结果。本研究结果表明细胞学方法是木兰科植物杂交育种中早期检测的有效方法之一。     

Gene introgression from common wheat into Aegilops L.

Group of experiments were carried out to verify possibility of gene introgression from common wheat into Aegilops. The artificial indoor crossbreed was conducted using 7 genotypes from 4 wheat relative species as female, and common wheat as male. The experiment result shows that different species has variable cross ability. Among the 4 Aegilops species, the highest cross rate is from the combination of Aegilops tauschii × Triticum aestivum (46.49% for genotype Ae42, 22.58% for Y92), the second is from Aegilops ovata × T. aestivum (14.76% for Y100, 12.11% for Ae23), the third is from Aegilops cylindrica × T. aestivum (2.23% for Ae7, 8.50% for Y145), and the lowest is from Aegilops speltoides × T. aestivum (0.19%). Hybrid embryos from different combinations have different ability of callus initiation and germination. The hybrid embryos from A. ovata/T. aestivum and Ae. tauschii/T. aestivum have a higher level of callus initiation and germination. Ae. cylindrica/T. aestivum has a middle level, while the Ae. speltoides has a lower level. The interspecific hybrids between Aegilops and common wheat have so low fertility. In back-crosses, the seed-set rate of hybrids of Ae. ovata/T. aestivum is 3.71% and 4.36% respectively back-crossed with male and female parents, while for hybrids of Ae. cylindrica/T. aestivum, they were 0 and 0.33% respectively, and for Ae. tauschii/T. aestivum, 0.33% and 0 respectively. On selfing of the hybrids, the seed-set rate is 0 (no seed set from 9750 florets) for the combination of Ae. cylindrica/T. aestivum, 0.044% (3 selfed seeds out of 6870 florets) for Ae. ovata/T. aestivum and 0 (no seed set from 7253 florets) for Ae. tauschii/T. aestivum. The research suggests that the probability of gene introgression from T. aestivum into Aegilops species is very low in nature.     

Predicting the frequencies of transgressive segregants for yield and yield components in wheat

Summary Genetical analysis of the F₂ triple test cross design combined with conventional early generations was used to elucidate the genetical control of yield and yield components in two crosses of winter wheat. From estimates of the additive, {d}, and additive X additive, {i}, components of means, together with the additive genetical variance, D, predicted frequencies of recombinant inbred lines that would transgress the parental range were calculated for each cross. The accuracy of predictions was evaluated by comparing expected frequencies with observed numbers in populations of F₆ lines previously developed by single seed descent.For both crosses and all characters where an adequate genetical model was found to explain the observed variation between the early generations, good agreement between predicted and observed frequencies of transgressive segregants was obtained. Furthermore, for characters exhibiting significant epistasis, allowance for additive X additive {i} epistasis in the prediction equations was sufficient to allow for skewness of the recombinant inbred population.These results demonstrate that cross performance in wheat can be predicted from genetical analysis of early generations, and the value of this approach in breeding new varieties is discussed.     

非缺陷性网状内皮组织增生病毒的血清学区别

26株来自各种禽的网状内皮组织增生病毒(REV),用多克隆的抗REV鸡血清做交叉中和试验,用REV、T株,Coo1株所制备的单克隆抗体做免疫荧光试验,比较这些毒株之间的抗原关系,从交叉中和试验结果看,它们之间的抗原关系十分接近,可以认为同属于单一血清型;但也确实存在微小差异,因此又可以将它们分为三个血清亚型,这一结果巳被单克隆抗体检验所证实。     

重组轮状病毒SA11 Vp4抗原表位诱导广泛交叉中和抗体反应

本文报导在ＲＨＶ－ＲＮＡ２载体系统中表达的轮状病毒（ＲＶ）Ｖｐ４胰酶切割位点区抗原位可诱导动物产生具有广泛交叉中和反应的血清抗体。携带有抗原表位ＲＥＡ、ＲＥＢ和ＲＥＣ,及其组合ＲＥＡ＋ＲＥＢ＋ＲＥＣ基因的ｐＥＴ重组质粒,高水平表达了这些与载体蛋白嵌合的抗原表位。进一步研究结果表明,这些抗原表位所诱导的动物血清抗体,具有广泛识别同源及异源血清型ＲＶ抗原的能力,和体外中和这些同源及异源血清型ＲＶ病毒感     

具有自我和相互扩散的Lasalie模型的稳定性

本文利用Liapunov函数的方法,讨论了具有自我和相互扩散Lasalie模型: 的稳定性,得到:(i)在D_(ij)>0时,又D_(1j)D_(2j)≥d_(1j)(-d_(2j))时,非平凡正平衡态(u_1,u_2)稳定,(ii)在D_(ij)<0时,(u_1,u_2)为不稳定.     

金黄色葡萄球菌LDH多克隆抗体制备及其交叉反应性

目的:在原核载体中表达、纯化金黄色葡萄球菌乳酸脱氢酶,免疫小鼠获得多克隆抗体,使用多克隆抗体分析与其它菌种的交叉反应性。方法:复苏p ET28a-ldh/Bl21重组菌,IPTG诱导重组融合蛋白表达、以抗HIS标签的单克隆抗体进行western-blot鉴定重组蛋白。使用纯化的重组蛋白以及相应的佐剂免疫小鼠,利用ELISA测定血清抗体效价,并使用小鼠抗血清进行免疫印迹法鉴定重组蛋白的反应原性及其与金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌的交叉反应性。结果:SDS-PAGE电泳在39 KDa处可见目的条带,免疫印迹法验证了重组LDH的表达,纯化后获得2.8 mg重组蛋白。纯化蛋白免疫小鼠能诱导产生特异性体液免疫应答,ELISA检测特异性Ig G效价为1:50000,western-blot鉴定显示所制备的多克隆抗血清能分别识别金黄色葡萄球菌重组及天然乳酸脱氢酶,但不识别表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌中天然乳酸脱氢酶。结论:纯化的LDH具有良好的免疫活性,免疫小鼠获得高滴度的多克隆抗体。使用多克隆抗体western-blot显示与其它菌种LDH不存在交叉反应性,为后续使用该重组蛋白进行金黄色葡萄球菌感染的诊断研究奠定基础。     

脂肪酶的固定化及其性质研究

采用吸附与交联相结合的方法国定化脂肪酶,研究了脂肪酶固定化的工艺条件,并考察了固定化脂肪酶的催化性能和稳定性。试验结果表明,WA20树脂固定化脂肪酶的最适条件是：酶液pH7．0、给酶量300IU／g树脂、固定时间8h,所得固定化脂肪酶的活力约为165IU／g树脂;固定化酶稳定性较高,在冰箱内贮存6个月活力没有下降,操作半衰期约为750h,而未用戌二醛文联的固定化脂肪酶操作半衰期仅约290h;固定化脂肪酶催化橄榄油水解的最适条件是：PH8．0、温度55℃、底物浓度60％（V／V）、搅拌转速500r／m。     

人感染钩体菌群与免疫血清群及交叉凝集关系研究

为了解人间自然感染各群钩端螺旋体（钩体）后产生的免疫抗体血清群、交叉凝集（交凝）、效价及相互关系,作者对病原学阳性并做过双份血清ＭＡＴ的６４份资料作了综合分析,结果表明：６４株钩体属于１２个群,其中１３株菌的感染者血清呈阴性反应,占２０．３１％;５１例呈阳性,占７９．６９％,有１４个血清群,效价１∶１００～１∶６４００;１２个菌群感染者的血清交凝反应较为普遍,效价１∶１００～１∶３２００;效价高低及交凝群数,因感染菌群而异。较为特殊的是１１个菌群感染者的血清中均不见与流感伤寒群钩体的交凝现象。本文对人间分离钩体菌群与免疫血清群构成比例互不吻合的问题作了解释,为钩体病的免疫及血清流行病学补充了新论据     

植物叶片衰老与氧化胁迫

叶片衰老是叶片生长发育进程中的最后阶段,与活性氧伤害有着密切的关系。介绍了植物叶片衰老过程中活性氧产生及清除系统的变化,讨论了对水分胁迫与氧化胁迫的交叉抗性,并对下一步的研究作出了展望     

重组早孕因子与天然早孕因子的免疫交叉反应

目的:探讨细胞表达的重组早孕因子(CHO-EPF)、大肠杆菌表达的重组早孕因子(BL21-EPF)和天然早孕因子(Native Early Pregnancy Factor,nEPF)之间的免疫交叉反应,寻找制备EPF抗体比较理想的免疫原。方法:采用CHO-EPF、nEPF作为免疫原分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备CHO-EPF多抗和nEPF多抗;结合本实验室储备的BL21-EPF鼠单克隆抗体,运用SDS-PAGE、Western blotting及ELISA等方法对nEPF、CHO-EPF、BL21-EPF之间的免疫交叉反应进行检测。结果:三种来源的EPF诱导抗体的效价比较无显著性差异。原核表达BL21-EPF与nEPF诱导的抗体中BL21-EPF单抗能识别nEPF中26 ku和52 ku组分,且抗nEPF多抗也能与BL21-EPF中10 ku组分反应;真核表达CHO-EPF与nEPF诱导的抗体中CHO-EPF多抗能识别nEPF中10 ku和26 ku组分,而nEPF抗体不能与CHO-EPF反应;原核表达BL21-EPF与真核表达CHO-EPF诱导的抗体中CHO-EPF多抗能识别BL21-EPF中10 ku片段,而BL21-EPF单抗不能与CHO-EPF反应。结论:真核源性CHO-EPF、原核源性BL21-EPF、人源性nEPF之间存在一定的交叉反应,在抗体制备过程中用rEPF替代nEPF作为免疫原是可行的。     

胫骨中段横断面与年龄变化的研究

本文对218例1—94岁中国汉族人胫骨中段横断面的矢状径、横径、髓腔矢、横径及骨密质前、内、外缘,内、外、后面厚度等10项指标进行了测量分析。结果表明,胫骨中段矢状径、横径及骨密质相对厚度在1—30岁年龄阶段与年龄具有高度正相关性。髓腔平均直径在1—25岁年龄阶段亦呈规律性变化。     

Synthesis and PGE2 inhibitory activity of novel diarylheptanoids

Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) is a lipid mediator of inflammation and its inhibition has become a popular drug target due to its harmful physiological roles. Diarylheptanoids are one class of compounds that have shown successful inhibition of PGE₂. This paper reports the synthesis and PGE₂ inhibitory activity of a series of analogues of a naturally occurring diarylheptanoid. The most efficacious compounds were examined for dose-dependent PGE₂ inhibition. Among several promising compounds, the lead candidate exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 0.56?ng/µL or 1.7?µM with no detectable toxicity at the highest dose of 10?ng/µL.     

RpoS involvement and requirement for exogenous nutrient for osmotically induced cross protection in Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen which is the causative agent of food-borne disease and wound infections. V. vulnificus is able to adapt to a variety of potentially stressful environmental changes, such as osmotic, nutrient, and temperature variations in estuarine environments, as well as oxidative, osmotic, and acidity differences following infection of a human host. After exposure to sub-lethal levels of a particular environmental stress, many bacteria become resistant to unrelated stresses, a phenomenon termed cross protection. In this study, we examined the ability of osmotic shock to cross protect V. vulnificus to high temperature as well as oxidative stress. Log phase cells of V. vulnificus strain C7184o were cross protected by prior osmotic shock to both heat and oxidative challenge, but only when exogenous nutrient was present during the osmotic upshift. Further, and unlike other bacteria, nutrient starvation alone did not result in cross protection against either stress. When small amounts of nutrient were present during osmotic shock, cross protection to an otherwise lethal heat challenge developed extremely rapidly, with significant protection seen within 10 min. Cross protection to oxidative stress was slower to develop, requiring several hours. Although stationary phase alone conferred some cross protection to heat and oxidative stress, the alternate sigma factor RpoS was required for complete cross protection of log phase cells to oxidative stress but not for resistance to heat challenge. Together these findings suggest that the cross protective response in V. vulnificus is complex and appears to involve multiple mechanisms.