马鞍菌属新种和新记录(一)

有关马鞍菌属 Helvella 的历史,属种概念以及中国已知种的检索表已作过报道(刘波等,1985)。本文描述了近年来采到的两个新种:粘马鞍菌 Helvella glutinosa sp.nov.和伞形马鞍菌 H.galeriformis sp.nov.;四个新记录:白柄马鞍菌 H.albellu Quél.,小马鞍菌H.helvellula(Dur.et Mont.)Dissing,乳白马鞍菌 H.lactea Boud.和脉马鞍菌 H.phlebo-phora Pat.et Doass.。此外,斑点马鞍菌 H.maculata Weber 虽已作过报道和描述(李静丽等,1986),然而由于它是一个非常具特征性的种,而且有一限制的地理分布,因此本文也对它进行了更充分的描述和讨论。     

云南剌皮属的研究

本文报道云南剌皮属Heterochaete Pat.10种,其中1个新种,3个国内新纪录种。新种是思茅剌皮H.simaoensis Hu et J.Z.Lisp.nov。本文所研究的标本藏于湖南师范大学真菌标本室(MHHNU)和中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

滇藏蝠蛾属三新种记述（鳞翅目：蝙蝠蛾科）

本文记述了分布于云南、西藏高寒草甸区的蝠蛾属3新种:云南蝠蛾Hepialus yunnanensis sp.nov.、芒康蝠蛾Hepialus markamensis sp.nov.和草地蝠蛾Hepialus pratensis sp.nov.     

关于 Archineottia与Holopogon 两属合并的问题

本文根据蕊柱结构将Archineottia 归并于Holopogon,并发表了5个新组合：无喙兰Holopogon gaudissartii (Hand.-Mzt.) S. C. Chen、 印度无喙兰H. microglottis (Duthie) S. C. Chen、锡金无喙兰H. pantlingii (W. W. Smith) S. C. Chen、叉唇无喙兰 H. smithianus (Schltr.) S. C. Chen、 日本无喙兰H. japonicus (M. Furuse) S. C. Chen。     

啮齿动物螺杆菌多重PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立一种可同时检测肝、胆汁、啮齿类三种螺杆菌的多重PCR方法。方法根据已公布的肝、胆汁、啮齿类三种螺杆菌16SrRNA基因序列设计三对特异性引物进行多重PCR并对反应条件进行优化。结果三对引物能分别扩增出特异性的417 bp、364 bp、324 bp目的条带。最佳退火温度为52℃,镁离子浓度为2.0mmol/L,dNTP浓度为200μmol/L,引物浓度为0.625μmol/L。在此条件下多重PCR同时检测的肝、胆汁、啮齿类三种螺杆菌敏感度均为10 fg。结论本实验建立的多重PCR是一种敏感、特异、高效的方法,为同时检测啮齿动物中肝、胆汁、啮齿类三种螺杆菌奠定了良好的基础。     

New Taxa of Heracleum L. (Umbelliferae) from China

Three new species of the genus Heracleum L. (Umbelliferae) are described from Sichuan Province, China. They are H. wenchuanense; H.wolongense and H. xiaojinense.     

萱草属有毒植物的研究

萱草属中某些种的根含神经性毒物,家畜采食或饲喂实验动物能引起中毒病的发生。在鉴于此对北萱草,黄花菜,北黄花菜,小黄花菜进行了植物调查鉴定及有毒成分—萱草根素的提取分离与毒性和结构再鉴定的研究,确认除黄花菜根外其它３种均含有萱草根素。讨论了黄花菜种鉴定中存在的问题。     

中国山龙眼属植物二新种

山龙眼属植物在我国南部的常绿林中为较常见的树种。作者在编写《ＦｌｏｒａｏｆＣｈｉｎａ》的山龙眼科植物时,发现华南地区的山龙眼属植物中有２个新种;它们是生长于广东阳春县西南部的阳春山龙眼和生长于广西十万大山的东兴山龙眼;现予报道．     

马鞍菌属新种和新组合

本文报道了产于我国的马鞍菌属Helvella的三个新种及一新组合,它们是亚梭孢马鞍菌H.subfusispora Liu et Cao,太原马鞍菌H·taiyuanensis Liu,Du et Cao中国马鞍菌H.sinensis Liu et Cao以及紫棱柄马鞍菌H.purpurea(Zang)Liu et Cao。并附有我国马鞍菌种的检索表。     

The penetration of local anesthetics into the red blood cell membrane as studied by fluorescence quenching.

The local anesthetics procaine and tetracaine were found to quench the fluorescence of the probes N-octadecyl naphthyl-2-amine 6-sulfonic acid and 12-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid in the presence of erythrocyte membranes. This quenching was shown to be due to the aromatic amine of the procaine and tetracaine molecules. Lidocaine, an active anesthetic that does not contain an aromatic amine in the same position as does procaine and tetracaine did not quench either of the fluorophores. The preferential quenching of the fluorescent probes by procaine and tetracaine indicated a greater accessibility of tetracaine than of procaine to the hydrocarbon region of the membrane and a greater accessibility of procaine than of tetracaine at the membrane's surface. The addition of calcium was found to reverse the quenching of 12-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid by tetracaine in the presence of red cell membranes.     

Hydrocotyle shanii Boufford,a New Name for H. chinensis of Authors,Not L. (Apiaceae)

The name Hydrocotyle chinensis (Dunn) Craib (Apiaceae) used in 《Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae》 has had a confused history and is also a later homonym of H. chinesis L. Hydrocotyle shanii is proposed as a new name for this species to commemorate ProfessorRen-hwa Shan's lifelong study of the Apiaceae. Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug. Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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The co-occurrence of ecdysones with bufadienolides and steroidal saponins in the genus Helleborus

A method is described for the detection of ecdysones in small quantities of plant material. When applied to 14 taxa of Helleborus L., ecdysterone and 5 β-hydroxyecdysterone were detected and quantified in 11; the other 3, which are morphologically distinct, gave a negative result. The co-occurrence of ecdysones with bufadienolides and steroidal saponins is discussed. The isolation of the ecdysones from the aerial parts of H. orientalis hybrids is described.     

Out of Africa and back again

If the genusHomo did indeed originate in Africa, then it must have spread by about 2 m.y. ago into Asia where it is represented at 1.8 m.y. ago byHomo erectus fossils. This latter species in turn eventually spread back into Africa, as indicated by the 1.4 m.y. old OH 9 calvaria from Olduvai, and into Europe, as indicated by the 800,000 year old Ceprano calvaria from Italy. These hominids are associated only with Oldowan style artefacts of cores, choppers and flakes and were apparently not conversant with Acheulean handaxe technology. It seems that they most probably evolved viaHomo heidelbergensis into the Neanderthals. Meanwhile, a completely separate development originating withHomo ergaster of about 1.7 m.y. ago in Africa and possessing Acheulean handaxe technology evolved via such forms as Ndutu and Steinheim intoHomo sapiens.     

Ecology and behavior of tilefishes, Hoplolatilus starcki, H. fronticinctus and related species (Malacanthidae): non-mound and mound builders

Observations on habitat and behavior are reported for 10 of the 12 known species of the genus Hoplolatilus. These small (6 to 20 cm total length) fishes are widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific and Red Sea. Adults live as stable monogamous pairs and each pair shares a burrow. They feed on plankton during the day and retreat into a burrow to escape disturbances and to retire for the night. Usually the burrow location is inconspicuous, but 3 of the deeper water species build elaborate rubble mounds, to over 3 m in diameter, around their burrows. We studied the shallowest (13 to 61 m depth) species, H. starcki, that does not build mounds, and compared it with the shallowest (51 to 73+ m) mound builder H. fronticinctus. Over 60 pairs of H. starcki were studied. Ten-min observations (N=237) on 14 pairs were analyzed by time of day for feeding rates, courtship behavior, and distances of pairs in relation to each other and their burrows. Over 20 pairs of H. fronticinctus were studied by divers and on video from a remotely operated vehicle. These data showed a high rate of moving rubble (96.0 h^-1), an activity almost absent in non-mound builders (0.1 h^-1). Observations are also reported for non-mound builders H. chlupatyi, H. cuniculus, H. luteus, H. marcosi, H. oreni, H. purpureus, H. sp. (an undescribed species), and the mound builder H. pohle. The results of a survey of 159 dive sites with suitable habitats to over 25 m depth (including 49 dive sites over 50 m) indicate an abundance of Hoplolatilus species in the southwest Pacific. In comparison, 41 survey dive sites (including 20 over 50 m) in the Red Sea resulted in an unexplained absence of Hoplolatilus species except in deep water (>60 m). Mound builder, H. geo, is known in the north Red Sea (depths 80-116 m). H. fronticinctus, newly reported here, was found in the south Red Sea (depths 70-73 m). We also report, for the first time, live sightings of the rare H. oreni and H. sp. living unpaired and without mounds below 60 m in the south Red Sea. The wide distribution of H. fronticinctus, like the related Malacanthus brevirostris, suggests a possible advantage to building mounds even though mounds reveal the location of burrows. Recent techniques to extend scuba depths should increase our knowledge of the distribution of Hoplolatilus species.     

Younger siblings play a major role in Helicobacter pylori transmission among children from a low-income community in the Northeast of Brazil

Background and Aims: To further evaluate intrafamilial transmission of H. pylori infection during childhood, we investigated the prevalence of H. pylori in family members from a poor H. pylori high‐prevalence urban community in the Northeast of Brazil. Methods: H. pylori infection was investigated in 570 members of 128 households, by ¹³C‐urea breath test in children and by ELISA in mothers and other adult relatives. Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection (376/570) increased with age (p < .001) and ranged from 28.9%, in children aged 6 months to 5 years, to 82% in adults over 40 years. An H. pylori positive mother and the number of infected siblings are independent risk factors for childhood H. pylori infection (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.0–4.6 and OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.3–8.1, respectively) The number of siblings, number of younger siblings, and number of infected younger siblings were also associated with the infection in the univariate analysis. The number of infected younger siblings remained independently associated with the infection (p = .000), even after controlling for all the above cited variables, in addition to the H. pylori status of siblings and mothers, age, number of people per room, and number of children in the household. Conclusion: The transmission of H. pylori occurs from infected mothers to their offspring and among siblings, notably from younger siblings to the older ones.     

木槿属几种植物的染色体数目及其倍性的研究

采用去壁低渗火焰干燥法进行染色体制片分析了木槿属Hibiscus植物裂瓣槿H. schizopetalus (Masters) Hook. f.)、木芙蓉H. mutabilis L.以及扶桑H. rosa sinensis L. 4个栽培变种的染色体数目.结果表明裂瓣槿染色体数目为2n=42木芙蓉2n=92扶桑2n=84重虹中玫槿2n=105; 橙黄中玫槿2n=138; 洋红中玫槿2n=147.裂瓣槿、扶桑、重虹中玫槿、洋红中玫槿之间存在倍性关系,其染色体基数为x=21.通过对植物形态特征以及染色体数目的观察分析推测红色中玫槿可能为洋红中玫槿和裂瓣槿的杂交种.     

Hieraciumpallidum subsp. aetnense (Asteraceae), a new subspecies from Sicily (Italy), with notes on the taxonomy of H. pallidum Biv.

Hieracium pallidum subsp. aetnense Gottschl., Raimondo & Di Grist. is described and illustrated. H.pallidum is considered as an intermediate species between H. schmidtii and H. racemosum (“schmidtii>racemosum”) and is placed in H. sect. Grovesiana. By consequence, H.lanudae Gottschl. is transferred to H. pallidum as H. pallidum subsp. lanudae (Gottschl.) Gottschl., Raimondo & Di Grist. A key for the three recognised subspecies of H. pallidum is provided.     

五种线虫生殖锥的形态研究

在光镜和扫描电镜玻地似血矛线虫,捻转血予线虫,辐射食道口线虫,粗纹食道口线虫,哥伦比亚食道一虫的生殖进行观察比较。结果表明：似血矛线虫的生殖锥的生殖附器只有一对乳突,而捻转血矛线虫的生殖附器有２对乳突。