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1.
锦鸡儿属花粉形态及其分类意义   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13  
在光学显微镜和扫锚电镜下对锦鸡儿属31种2变种植物花粉形态进行了观察。根据外壁表面纹饰,可分:类型I,表面具小穿孔;类型II, 具网状纹饰。 在类型II中据网眼大小和网脊宽度特征又分为两个亚类型。 根据花粉体积大小,可分4个类型。本属植物花粉形态较为一致,表明是一个自然类群。组、 系的花粉形态特征与一般形态变异不一定相对应,即形态上有明显区别的种类,在花粉形态上未必有很大区别,仅一些种类及矮锦鸡儿系 Ser. Pygmaeae的花粉形态相近。 本属花粉形态在种下等级的变异, 特别是青藏高原分布的种类的变异较为明显,例如 C.bicolor,C. jubata,C. erinacea 与各自的近缘种类。花粉形态为分类处理提供了参考。本属植物花粉形态是从表面具小穿孔向具网状纹饰演化,对应于羽状叶类群向掌状叶类群演化。  相似文献   

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Intradiurnal variation of arboreal pollen (AP) in Mar del Plata city is compared during three non - consecutive years of survey and described in relation to the associated weather. The daily pattern of pollen abundance has a maximum between 10:00 and 12:00?h, while a minimum occurs at 18:00?h. The first two years of survey showed homogeneous daily trends, but in 1995 the maximum and minimum concentrations were delayed because of the change in position of the collecting station. Arboreal pollen spectrum presented qualitative and quantitative changes in the three years analysed. Results indicate optimal conditions for diurnal dispersion of arboreal pollen are high temperatures and low relative humidity. Also interaction between source position and wind direction has important effects on the timing of the peaks of some pollen types.  相似文献   

3.
杜鹃花属植物花粉形态及其分类学意义   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19       下载免费PDF全文
王玉国  李光照  漆小雪  欧祖兰   《广西植物》2006,26(2):113-119
利用扫描电子显微镜对5个亚属20种杜鹃花属植物的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究,其中大部分(16种)为首次报道。杜鹃花属花粉均为四合花粉,呈正四面体排列。四合体为圆角三角形,连接紧密。单粒花粉为球形或近球形,具三沟孔。在扫描电镜下,除了杜鹃亚属的百合杜鹃、羊踯躅亚属的羊踯躅以及马银花亚属的马银花组具有明显的纹饰特征之外,其它类群的形态特征相互重叠,不足以作为现有亚属的分类依据。花粉粒具不同的外壁纹饰,可为分类研究提供孢粉学方面的证据,但应慎重应用花粉形态对杜鹃花属植物特定种进行分类鉴定。  相似文献   

4.
通过光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表明,红树(Rhizophora apiculata)花粉粒赤道面的形状为球形-近球形,极面观为圆三角形,偶见圆四方形,3-4孔沟,具有连续的环赤道内孔,花粉外壁的典型纹饰为细网状-皱纹状(microreticulate-rugulate)。作者首次报道红树花粉的多态现象,其花粉外壁纹饰和萌发孔数量存在显著的变异,SEM观察到花粉外壁纹饰的变异主要是孔状(perforate)、皱纹状(rugulate)和穴状(foveolate)等类型,LM观察发现4个萌发孔的花粉变异类型。花粉形态的观察与描述为化石花粉的鉴别提供了不可或缺的对比依据。研究红树的花粉形态和发现多态现象有助于了解红树科红树属的花粉外壁演化。花粉的多态现象表明单个花粉形态特征并不能完全代表种的特征。花粉的分类也应该充分考虑花粉性状的间断和连续性,以期正确认识花粉性状在种群内的变异和变异式样,达到客观认识和正确划分植物种下等级的目的。花粉的多态现象为化石花粉的种类鉴定增加了新的参考信息,作者也讨论了花粉多态现象在植物系统演化和古生态学等研究中的可能价值与意义。  相似文献   

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Two additional species of Lessingianthus , L. bakerianus and L. lanuginosus , from the campo cerrado vegetation of central Brazil, are described and illustrated. The first species is characterized by the presence of capitula arranged in groups, nine to 12 florets per head, leaves sessile, oblong to ovate leaf blades with the lower surface densely lanate, sparsely villous on the main veins. It has certain resemblance to L. syncephalus (Sch. Bip. ex Baker) H. Rob. and L. brevipetiolatus (Sch. Bip. ex Baker) H. Rob., which present petiolate leaves and leaf blades lanceolate, cuneate or attenuate at the base. L. lanuginosus is superficially similar to L. buddleiifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob., but differs in having smooth stems, woolly indumentum, smaller heads and the largest leaves disposed at the middle of the stem.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 150 , 487–493.  相似文献   

6.
含笑属(木兰科)植物花粉形态及其系统学意义   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
张新华  夏念和 《广西植物》2008,28(3):311-316
利用扫描电子显微镜对含笑属12个分类群的花粉形态进行了观察和研究。花粉粒椭圆形,两侧对称,异极,具远极单萌发沟,中等大小;形成一较为自然的分类群。虽然花粉粒的大小和表面雕纹不同种间具有一定的差异,但不足以为现有的属下分类系统提供足够的证据。  相似文献   

7.
猕猴桃属花粉形态及其系统学意义   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
由于天然种间杂交,猕猴桃属Actinidia Lindl.的分类存在着组间界限不清、近缘种之间很难区分的问题。本文试图通过对该属不同组、系的植物花粉及种间杂交后代花粉的扫描电镜观察,探讨该属物种的系统学关系。在扫描电镜下观察了猕猴桃属植物21种、 6变种和4个不同种间杂交F1代植株的花粉,描述了它们的花粉形态,并根据花粉形态特征建立了相应的检索表。研究结果表明:(1)猕猴桃属的花粉形状主要以长球形至近球形为主,变异较小,而花粉粒大小和外壁纹饰的种间差异较大。(2)多数迁地保护物种的花粉粒以三孔沟为主,不同于以前报道的以三拟孔沟为主,原因可能是花粉样本采集地的环境不一样,以及野外的广泛杂交造成的。(3)种间杂交后代花粉空瘪,无授粉能力,是由于所采用亲本植株染色体的倍性不同,后代不能产生正常花粉所致。(4)人工选育雄株花粉外壁纹饰较野生雄株花粉的精细,这种花粉外壁纹饰变小的特征可能有利于雌雄异株植物的授粉受精。这一现象值得进一步探讨。(5)雄株花粉大小与其雌株果实大小之间有一定相关性,这一现象有助于杂交后代的早期筛选。  相似文献   

8.
    
Fifty-four exomorphological characters were recorded from 130 herbarium specimens belonging to Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. cespitosa, D. alpina (L.) Roem. et Schult, D. bottnica (Wahlenb.) Trim, D. cespitosa subsp. glauca (Hartm.) C. Hartm., D. littoralis (Gaudin) Reuter, D. cespitosa subsp. parviflora (Thuill.) K. Richter and D. wibeliana (Sond.) Pari. These were treated as Operational Taxonomical Units (OTUs) and studied using cluster analysis, principal component analysis and the Mann-Whitney U-test; box plots of selected quantitative characters were also made. To evaluate the relationship between environment and morphology, a redundancy analysis was carried out. Due to extensive overlapping in the diagnostic characters, all the taxa at specific level are reduced to subspecies of Deschampsia cespitosa. Geographical distribution is considered to be of considerable importance in the identification of the taxa.  相似文献   

9.
  • Li X-Y.1992.Studies on germplasm of Glycyrrhiza by using different taxonomic methods.Advances in Plant Taxonomy in Northwest China 1:7-24.
  • Li X-Y.1993.A study of the system and new taxa of genus Glycyrrhiza L.Bulletin of Botanical Research 13(1):14-43.
  • Turrill WB.1937.Glycyrrhizopsis syriaca Turrill.Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 2:79.
  • >>更多...  相似文献   


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    Abstract The pollen morphology of 11 species of the genus Glycyrrhiza L. with one from each of the genera Glycyrrhizopsis Boiss. & Bal. and Meristotropis Fisch. & C. A. Mey. was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In pollen morphology, the main differences between Glycyrrhizopsis and Glycyrrhiza are: Glycyrrhizopsis—pollen grains 36.63 × 40.42 μm in size, oblate spheroidal in shape; and Glycyrrhiza—pollen grains 24.47–33.18 × 23.82–31.83 μm in size, prolate spheroidal in shape. Glycyrrhizopsis and Glycyrrhiza should be recognized as two distinct genera based on palynological and morphological characters. Meristotropis and Glycyrrhiza are similar in many important palynological and morphological characters, suggesting that the two should be merged. In Glycyrrhiza, two types of pollen grains, 3‐lobed‐circular or subtriangular in polar view, are found in different species, in accordance with morphological differences in the two groups, shedding light on the classification and evolution of the genus.  相似文献   

    11.
    王玉国  韦发南 《广西植物》2003,23(1):27-T004
    通过扫描电镜观察对樟科润楠属13个种和近缘属楠木属5个种的花粉形态进行了比较研究。结果显示:两个属的花粉均属鳄梨型,即:花粉粒辐射对称、无极性、球形,外壁具明显的刺、薄壁区或小穿孔,通常刺小而密集。首次报道了润楠属与楠木属有的种类如Machilusyunnanensis、M.litseifolia、Phoebepandulata和Ph.zhennan等植物的花粉有圆形垫状隆起。两个属花粉形态的微观差异主要表现在小刺的长度、刺基部是否膨大以及垫状隆起的类型等方面。还讨论了这两个近缘属在花粉微观形态的多样性及其系统学意义。  相似文献   

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    利用扫描电镜对犁头尖属(Typhonium Schott)及其近缘属共18种植物的花粉进行研究,其中,8种为首次报道,11种为我国特有。结果表明:天南星族4属植物花粉形态基本一致,无萌发孔,无覆盖层,具刺,但各个种在花粉粒大小,刺长,刺的开关,刺的密度,刺基部直径和刺间纹饰方面差别较大,可以作为种的区别特征之一。花粉形态特征支持天南星族为本科最进化类群的观点。花粉粒刺间具颗粒为半夏属(Pinellia Tenore)植物花粉的显著特征,花粉形态特征不支持将单籽犁头尖(T,calcicolum C.Y.Wues H.Li et al.)和昆明犁头尖(T,kunmingense H,Li)合并。西南犁头尖(T.omeiense H.Li)的花粉粒非常小,认为是较进化的种。犁头尖属内种间的花粉形态差异较大,甚至大于属间的差异,或许该属的系统分类需要作较大的变动,这与Susanne利用cpDNA片段的所提结果基本一致。  相似文献   

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    在扫描电镜下研究了茄科天仙子族7属及颠茄属、茄参属和枸杞属3属共10属23种植物的花粉形态学特征。结果表明:天仙子族的花粉粒形状为球形、近球形、扁球形和长球形;萌发孔类型有无萌发孔、不规则的拟孔、3沟、4沟、3~4沟、散沟和3孔沟;外壁纹饰为小刺状、瘤状、各式条纹状、条纹-穴状、条纹-网状、皱波状、细网状和网状。沟膜近光滑、具小颗粒、具小刺状突起或具瘤状突起。各属植物的花粉形态在萌发孔的有无、萌发孔的类型和外壁纹饰等方面有较大的差异,可以作为探讨属间分类和系统关系的重要依据。天仙子族植物花粉萌发孔的演化趋势为:无萌发孔→3、4沟→3孔沟。无萌发孔的山莨菪属是原始类群,三孔沟的马尿泡和天仙子等属是进化类群。还讨论了与前人研究结果不同之处和可能的原因。  相似文献   

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    从形态和细胞学角度,对舟果荠和光果舟果荠的果实与种子形态、花粉形态以及染色体数目进行了比较研究,并对光果舟果荠的分类地位进行了重新探讨.结果表明,舟果荠和光果舟果荠的种子大小及形态和微形态基本相似,但前者的果实密被柔毛,花粉粒体积比后者的大,染色体数目为2n=14,而后者的果实光滑无毛,染色体数目为2n=12.二者在果实与花粉粒形态以及染色体基数上存在明显的差异.建议将光果舟果荠独立成种,恢复原有的分类位置.  相似文献   

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    对中国薯蓣属(Dioscorea L.)40个种类地下茎的淀粉粒形态进行了显微观察。结果表明,中国薯蓣属植物地下茎淀粉粒主要有单粒和复粒2种形态。单粒淀粉粒以类圆形为主,脐点多为点状。复粒淀粉粒可分为2类:A型由2~3个淀粉小粒构成,以卵圆形和三角形为主,脐点点状且大多不明显,少数种类层纹清晰;B型由10个以上的淀粉小粒构成,以圆形为主,脐点不明显,无层纹。根状茎组(Sect.Stenophora Uline)、基生翅组(Sect.Opsophyton Uline)和周生翅组(Sect.Enantiophyllum Uline)均为单粒淀粉粒;顶生翅组(Sect.Shannicorea Prain et Burkill)为复粒淀粉粒A型;丁字型毛组(Sect.Combilium Pra Jnet Burkill)和白薯莨组(Sect.Lasiophyton Uline)为复粒淀粉粒B型;复叶组[Sect.Botryosicyos(Hochst.)Uline]兼有单粒和复粒淀粉粒。淀粉粒形态特征支持白薯蓣(D.hispida Dennst.)由复叶组分出单列成组及毛芋头薯蓣(D.kamoonensis Kunth)和高山薯蓣(D.delavayi Franch.)互为独立种的分类学处理。  相似文献   

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    This study clarifies the taxonomic status of Anemone coronaria and segregates the species and A. coronaria infraspecific variants using morphological and morphometric analyses. Principal component analysis of the coronaria group was performed on 25 quantitative and qualitative characters, and morphometric analysis of the A. coronaria infraspecific variants was performed on 21 quantitative and qualitative characters. The results showed that the A. coronaria group clustered into four major groups: A. coronaria L., A. biflora DC, A. bucharica (Regel) Juz.ex Komarov, and a final group including A. eranthioides Regel and A. tschernjaewii Regel. The data on the A. coronaria infraspecific variants clustered into six groups: A. coronaria L. var. coronaria L., var. cyanea Ard., var. albiflora Rouy & Fouc., var. parviflora Regel, var. ventreana Ard., and var. rissoana Ard.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 153 , 417–438.  相似文献   

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