甘肃靖远、景泰早石炭世维宪期植物群

祁连山和河西走廊区石炭纪地层发育,动植物化石丰富,是研究我国海陆交互相石炭系的重要地区。臭牛沟组系袁复礼(1925)所建,标准地点在甘肃武威西南35km的臭牛沟,据其中的腕足类和珊瑚化石的研究,确定其时代为早石炭世维宪期(Visean)。研究材料来自甘肃景泰和靖远的早石炭世臭牛沟组,这里的臭牛沟组厚约120m左右,由泥质页岩夹煤线、粉砂岩及薄层泥灰岩、灰岩组成,为潮间潟湖相至滨海沼泽相及泥炭沼泽相沉积。含丰富的植物化石,主要分子有Sublepidodendron sp. , Lepidodendronciyaoense sp. nov. , Lepjingyuanense sp.nov. , Lepidodendron volkmannianum , Lep. gansuense sp. nov. , Lep. shanyangense, Lep. cf. aolungpulukense,Lep. sp. 1, Lep. sp. 2, Cathaysiodendron jingyuanense, C. cf. incertum, Stigmaria ficoides, Lepidostrobophyllum cf. lanceolatum, L. rotundi folium sp. nov., Lepidostrobus sp. 1, L. sp. 2, Bothrodendron ruchengense, Archaeocalamites scrobiculatus , Hamatophyton uerticillatum , Cardiopteridium spetsbergense , C. podozamioides,Triphyllopteris collombiana , Triphyllopteris sp. ( cf. T. lescuriana Lesquereux), Rhacopteris sp. , Adiantites gothanii, Sphenopteris sp. 1, Sphenopteris sp. 2, Rhodeopteridium hsianghsiangense, R. cf. hsianghsiangense,R. cf. chinghaiense, Rhodeopteridium sp. (cf. R. lipoldi) , Paripteris gigantea , P. cardiopteroides, Linopteris sp. , Codonospermum sp. , Trigonocarpus spp. , Cardiocarpus cordai, Cordaites sp. (cf. C. schenkii Halle) 。其下伏地层前黑山组中有菊石Kazakhstania sp．,为下石炭统底部Gattendor fia带分子,其余还有孢子化石、腕足类和植物,表明为杜内期沉积;而上覆地层靖远组底部有牙形石Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis,G．bilineatus bilineatus,Paragnathodus commutatus及P．nodosus,是我国下石炭统顶部德坞阶的一个牙形石带化石;筵化石：Mediocris breviscula,M．pilatus,M．cf．minima,Eostaffella galinae,E.cf．mediocris是我国和卅l组常见分子,也产于贵州罗甸的德坞阶(相当于早期纳缪尔阶)。臭牛沟组产有大量孢子,可分3个孢子带,分别可以和西欧维宪期孢子带(PV,TC,NM)对比。在当前的植物群中Cathaysiodendron及Bothrodendron ruchengense,Le pidodendron shanyangense的发现,对于研究早石炭世植物地理区的划分,华南和西北同期植物群的对比及东方型鳞木类的演化均具有重大意义。     

河南固始早石炭世杨山组植物群

系统描述了扬山组植物18属25种,其中以石松类及种子蕨和真蕨纲为主,仅少数属楔叶纲;石松类中发现不少叶座较小,叶痕相对较大的鳞木类植物,颇似华夏植物群中的鳞木类;首次报道了我国发现的古芦木孢囊穗.据对植物群综合分析,杨山组的时代为早石炭世中晚期.     

秦岭地区石炭纪两种新的扇状脉植物

记述的两种新植物分别来自秦岭地区的凤县和镇安县。产于凤县草凉驿红花铺草凉驿组的Adiantites honghuapuensis sp．nov．,至少二次羽状复叶,羽片线形,以宽角着生于羽轴上;小羽片椭圆形,羽片基部的小羽片偶尔分裂为2—3个裂片。小羽片基部收缩,有短柄或以较宽的基部着生于羽轴上,扇状脉。另一产自镇安县茅坪东山梁二峪河组的Qinlingopteris orientalis gen．et sp．nov．,其特征是二次羽状复叶,末二级羽轴与末级羽轴夹角较小,大约30^#左右。小羽片亚对生,长卵形或亚圆形,顶端较窄,中部较宽,基部较狭并具短柄;叶脉扇状;羽轴上具间小羽片,间小羽片与正常小羽片等形同大。草凉驿组的地质时代大致为纳缪尔期至维斯发早期,而二峪河组则为早石炭世维宪期。     

Some Fossil Plants from Gutian Formation of Lianyang,Guangdong Province and Their Significance

This paper deals with the fossil plants from Gutian Formation in Lianyang, Guangdong, totaling 14 genera and 18 species. They are: Paracalamites sp., Annularia pinglogensis (Sze) Gu et Zhi, Lobatannularia cathaysiana Yao, L. Multifolia Kon’on et Asama, L. sp., Schizoneura wangtangiana sp. nov., Pecopteris hemitelioides Brongn., P. valida sp. nov., Cladophlebis vavia sp. nov., Danaeites guangdongensis sp. nov., Ptychocarpus unauriculatus sp. nov., Odontopteris plicatoides sp. nov., Neuropteridiopsis longovata gen. et sp. nov., Compsopteris contracta Gu et Zhi, Gigantonoclea crassa sp. nov., Gigantopteris ?nicotianaefolia Schenk, G. parvipinnulata sp. nov. and Rhipidopsis sp. Among them one new genus, 9 new spp. and 2 undetermined spp. are described. According to the fusulinids lived in the late Early Permian era are descovered at the top of this Formation, the geological era of present flora must not be later than late Early Permian. Therefore, the geological era of Gutian Formation are certain to be the Late Early Permian.     

Middle Jurassic Flora from Shouthern Margin of Eerduosi Basin

This paper deals with some Middle Jurassic fossil plants from southern margin of the Eerduosi Basin. There are 36 species in 13 genus in this flora, i.e. Equisetum multi- dentatus Oishi, E. sp., Coniopteris hymenophylloides (Brongn.) Seward, C. bella Harris, C, burejensis (Zalessky) Seward, C. szeiana Choweet Yeh, C. tatungensis Sze, C. spp., Todites williamsoni (Brongn.) Seward, T. cf. williamsoni (Brongn.) Seward, Cladophle- bis asiatica Chow et Yeh, C. argutula (Heer) Fontaine, C. hsiehiana Sze, C. ( Gleichenites) takeyamae Oishi et Takahasi, C. cf. gracils Sze C. triangularis Oishi, C. grabauiana P’an C. cf punctata (Thoms) Chow et Yeh, C. spp., Baiera cf. concinna (Heer) Kawasaki, B. furcata (L. et H.) Braun, B. sp., Sphenobaiera longifolia (Pomel) Florin, Ginkgo obrutchewi Seward, G. sp., Phoenicopsis angustifolia Heer P. manchurica (Yo- koyama) Yabe, p. sp., Czekanowskia rigida Heer, C. sp., Pterphyllum sp., Elatocladus cf manchurica (Yokoyama) Yabe, E. sp., Podozamites lanceolatus (L. et. H.) Braun P. sp., Carpolithus sp. etc. The dominant groups of this flora are Filicopsida and Ginkgopsida. So it could be compared with the flora of Yanan Formation from inner Earduosi Basin and other floras from Northeast, Northwest and China, such as the floras of Dutung, Mentougon and Dongsheng etc. This flora is different from the Late Triassic flora and the Early Jurassic flora of North China. It belongs to the Coniopteris-Phoenicopsis flo- ra, which was assigned to Early-Middle Jurassic flora by Prof. Sze. But after studying, the authers believe that this flora should belong to Middle Jurassic rather than Early Jurassic. The climate was warm and damp in that time in North China.     

中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群

本文总结和讨论了中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群分布特征,在对植物群成分分析的基础上,认为中国早石炭世（杜内期、维宪期和纳缪尔A期）分布一个全球一致性的植物群,即拟鳞木植物群Lepidodendropsis flora。中国的晚石炭世（纳缪尔B_C期、维斯发期和斯蒂芬期）和二叠纪植物群为华夏植物群。本文还对北方华夏植物群亚区和南方华夏植物群亚区植物群进行了对比,并论述了这两个植物群在组成成分上的差异。     

广东连阳谷田组植物化石及其意义

本文描述和讨论广东连阳地区谷田组地层的化石共14属18种,即:Paracalamites sp.,Annularia pingloensis(Sze)Gu er Zhi、Lobatannularia cathaysiana Yao、L.multifoliaKon'on et Asama、L.sp.、Schizonerua wangtangiana sp.nov.、Pecopteris hemitelioidesBrongn.、P.valida sp.nov.、Cladophlebis varia sp.nov.、Danaeites guangdongensis sp.nov.、Ptychocarpus unauriculatus sp.nov.、Odontopteris plicatoides sp.nov.、Neuropteri-diopsis longovata gen.et sp.nov.、Compsopteris contracta Gu et Zhi、Gigantonoclea cra-ssa sp.nov.、Gigantopterts?nicotianaefolia Schenk、G.parvipinnulata sp.nov.和 Rhipido-psis sp.等,其中有1新属、9新种和2未定种。谷田组顶部发现了早二叠世晚期的(竹蜓)类层,下段则与下伏的茅口组假整合。植物群的地质时代为早二叠世晚期。     

中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群

本文总结了和讨论了中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群分布特征,在对植物群成分分析的基础上,认为中国早石炭世（杜内期、维宪期和纳缪尔A期）分布一个全球一致性的植物群,即拟鳞木植物群Lepidodendropsis flora。中国的晚石炭世（纳缪尔B-C期、维期发期和斯蒂分期）和二叠纪植物群为华夏植物群。本文还对北方华夏植物群亚区和南方华夏植物群亚区植物群进行了对比,并论述了这两个植物群在组成成分上的差异。     

山东太原组煤核中鳞木类茎——三点“鳞木”的解剖构造

描述了一种产自山东省南部的陶枣煤田和兖州煤田太原组煤核中的鳞木类茎的解剖构造特征。根据叶座的形态,该种茎曾被归入大青山“鳞木”(“Lepidodendron”tachingshanense Lee)种,但此次重新仔细研究后转归三点“鳞木”(“Lepidodendron”tripunctatum Stock.et Math.)种内。与欧美植物区和华夏植物区已有的具解剖构造的鳞木类茎进行了详细对比,认为与奇木属Diaphorodendron很接近,但叶座的形态和解剖差别较大。此外,当前标本的分枝方式还不清楚,因此,还不能将当前标本归入奇木属内。当前标本与奇木属的关系及其分类位置有待于今后对更多更好的标本进行深入研究。     

Fossil Plants and Their Assemblages from the Early Carboniferous in Guangdong

This paper deals with the Lower Carboniferous fossil plants, 19 genera and 41 species including 10 new species, such as Sublepidodeneron wcwgtanense, Lepidodendron sophoroides, Adiantites lianpingensis, A. matouensis, Archaeopteridium shaoguanense, Rhacopteris angusta, Rhodeites lanceolata, Neuropteris shaoguanensis, Potoniea turbinata and P. racemicarpa. According to the distributive regularity of those fossils in stratigraphic section of Early Carboniferous from Guangdong area, the authors propose to divide the flora into three assemblages from lower to upper, namely, 1, Sublepidodendron mirabile assemblage; 2. Cardiopteridium spetsbergense-Adiantites gothanii assemblage; 3. Archaeopteridium-Sphenopteris obtusiloba assemblage, which separately represent the dispositions of Dahu Formation (the 1st assemblage), the lower part of Ceshui Formation (the 2nd assemblage) and upper part of Ceshui Formation or middle part of Zhongxin Formation (the 3rd assemblage).     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地早二叠世晚期植物群

首次记述了吐鲁番－哈密盆地的早二叠世晚期植物１１属１３种（包括４新种和４未定种），这是一个以科达类及其相关属为主的安加拉植物群。典型的安加拉植物Ｖｏｊｎｏｖｓｋｙａ属的发现，不但在时代的判定上，而且在植物地理区划上都具重要意义。文中还对这一植物群的特征和时代问题作了简要讨论。     

具叶舌痕的圆印木状茎干在安徽巢湖上泥盆统的首次发现

在描述的几块产自安徽巢湖五通组中上部（法门期）的圆印木状茎干中，首次发现其中一块标本具有明显的叶舌痕，它与另一块叶痕特征相同但不具叶舌痕的标本共生．说明它们很可能应归为同一种植物。因此叶舌痕的有无很可能与化石的保存状态有关。圆印木属与窝木属仅根据茎干叶痕特征是难于区分的。但由于这两个属的生殖部分（球果）存在差别，目前仍被视为不同的属。当前的标本未发现生殖部分，难于确定其归属。笔者建议，为了实用方便将这类发现于上泥盆统的标本，暂归为Ｂｏｔｈｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ（Ｃｙｃｌｏｓｔｉｇｍａ）属名之下，作为形态属或卫星属来处理。     

内蒙古乌达煤田下二叠统山西组4,5号煤层底板植物群研究北大核心CSCD

基于对内蒙古乌达煤田下二叠统山西组4,5号煤层底板的野外工作,系统采集、鉴定植物化石18属26种,其中以华夏植物群的特有属种或常见分子占绝对优势。沉积环境及植物古生态学分析表明,5号煤底板植物群主要由Lepidodendron posthumii Jongm. and Goth.和Cathaysiodendron cf.incertum(Sze and Lee) Lee等组成,代表了三角洲平原上碎屑沼泽植被景观。4号煤底板植物群主要由成煤沼泽植物和碎屑沼泽植物混合而成,原位埋藏的Stigmaria ficoides(Sternb.) Brongn.为成煤沼泽植被类群,代表了上覆4号煤的成煤植物;由Tingia carbonica(Schenk) Halle和Pecopteris arborescens(Schloth.) Sternb.等组成的碎屑沼泽植被类群,代表了三角洲平原上的碎屑沼泽植被景观。综合相关研究资料和当前植物化石分析表明,煤层底板植物群主要代表了地质历史时期中的湿地植被,按照其与形成上覆煤层植物之间的关系可主要分为:上覆煤层形成初期的泥炭沼泽植物群、与成煤作用无关的碎屑沼泽植物群和两者的混合类型。底板植物群的深入研究必须要结合沉积岩石学、地层学以及埋藏学的分析。当前研究显示乌达地区早二叠世沉积时期,湿地植被组成较为稳定,其中石松类植物一直都是重要的成煤泥炭沼泽植被类型;碎屑沼泽植被与成煤沼泽植被多数情况下成分类似,仅存在种一级别的差异。     

河南固始下石炭统杨山组华夏木一新种

描述河南固始杨山煤矿下石炭统杨山组的一个华夏木新种Cathaysiodendronyangshanensesp.nov.,这是近年来继在甘肃靖远早石炭世臭牛沟组中发现华夏木之后该属在早石炭世地层中的又一发现。华夏木属是华夏植物群的特有分子,它在早石炭世的发现对探讨华夏植物群的起源有重要意义。     

某些晚古生代蕨类和种子蕨植物起源问题的研究

在华南泥盆纪、石炭纪地层中,发现了一些洲际时代较新的“标准化石”,如北美、欧洲早石炭世的重要分子 Lepidodendropsis hirmeri及石炭纪的 Calamostachys、Palaeostachya 等属种。它们和 Leptophloeum rhombicum、Cyclostigma kiltorkense、Drepanophycus spinaefo-rmis、D.spinosus、Archaeosigillaria vanuxemi、Pseudobornia ursina 共存于晚泥盆世晚期梯子口组。西欧、北美威斯法期标准化石 Neuropteris gigantea、Sphenopteris obtusiloba、Potoniea、Mariopteris acuta f.obtusa、M.acuta、Linopteris和Archaeopteridium、Car-diopteridium spetsbergense、Triphyllopteris collombiana、Adiantites gothanii 也共同发现于广东测水组上段或忠信组中段,江西梓山组下、中段,浙西叶家塘组、福建林地组(广东测水组上覆地层和江西梓山组上段含早石炭世的(竹蜓)和腕足类可确定含植物化石的地层时代)。据此,笔者认为 Lepidodendropsis hirmeri、Calamostachys、Palaeostachya和 Neuropteris gi-gantea、Sphenopteris obtusiloba、Potoniea、Mariopteris acuta f.obtusa、M.acuta、Lino-pteris 等属种分别起源于我国华南地区晚泥盆世晚期和早石炭世维宪期。文章还探讨了该期植物发生和迁移的有关问题。     

海南岛早志留世晚期腕足类Xinanospirifer的发现--兼论南好组

海南岛保亭县毛感乡南兵至南好公路边南好组以往被确认为下石炭统岩关阶 ,并认为与其下的上志留统足赛岭组呈角度不整合接触。著者最近在该剖面南好组中发现兰多维列世特里奇期晚期 (LateTelychian)Xi nanospirifer腕足动物群和三叶虫Latiproetuscf.latilimbatus,证明久归于下石炭统岩关阶南好组的地质时代应改归于早志留世 (Llandoverian) ;海南岛地区在早志留世明显属于扬子地台区的范畴 ;从地质时间上还暗示南好组与其下伏的足赛岭组不可能存在角度不整合接触 ;     

Leaf morphology and cuticular features of Sphenophyllum in the Gigantopteris flora from South China

Permian specimens of Sphenophyllum with preserved cuticular anatomy have been discovered in Cathaysia and have prompted a detailed re-evaluation of the genus in the Gigantopteris flora in South China. New specimens are described and previously published material is re-examined to clarify taxonomic diversity and to establish geographic and stratigraphic ranges for each species. Recognized taxa include Sphenophyllum apiciserratum sp. nov., S. koboense Kobatake, S. meridionale sp. nov., S. minor (Sterzel) Gu and Zhi, S. sinocoreanum Yabe, S. cf. sinocoreanum Yabe, and S. aff. speciosum (Royle) McClelland. Cuticles of Sphenophyllum apiciserratum and S. koboense are hypostomatic with randomly disposed ordinary cells in intercostal regions. Specific concepts are clarified and unresolved taxonomic problems are discussed. The South China taxa are compared with those from Euramerican, Gondwanan and Angaran floras, and the South China Cathaysian species are found to be taxonomically distinct.     

Studies on the Genus Hamatophyton

This paper mainly focuses on the investigation of the rich sporangia and unite growing vegetative branch material in Tizikou Formation, Liujiachang sulphanilamide mine and confirms that sporangia of Hamatophyton is Sphenophyllostachys Seward, 1898. In view of the above, it is considered that Hamatophyton is in fact Sphenophyllostachys Seward, Hamatophyton Verticillatum Gu et Zhi which orinally decided before should be changed to S. verticillatus (Gu et Zhi) comb. nov. It represents the plant combination of South China as late Devenian. The flora is named as S. verticillatus-Lepidodendropsis hirmeri combination. This paper describes also two new species of Sphenophyllostachys Seward.     

Early devonian flora of the trout valley formation of northern maine

The data on the plant fossils of the Trout Valley Formation of north-central Maine, U.S.A., are summarized. Evidence from lithological correlation, from plant megafossils and paleopalynology suggest a late Early Devonian (Emsian) age for the Formation. Plant megafossils present are several species of Psilophyton, Pertica quadrifaria, Kaulangiophyton akantha, Prototaxites sp., Drepanophycus sp., Taeniocrada sp. and Thursophyton sp. The microfossil assemblage, through poorly preserved, contains Deltoidospora sp., Apiculiretusispora sp., Emphanisporites rotatus, E. annulatus, Clivosisporites cf. C. verrucata, Grandispora sp. and a chitinozoan, Sphaerochitina sp. The ancient landscape is suggested as having been an area a few square miles in extent with modest relief and comparable to a modern brackish or fresh-water marsh. Three other floras, one in Maine, a second in New Brunswick, Canada, and a third along the coast of Gaspé Bay, Quebec, are thought to have been at least partially contemporaneous with the Trout Valley flora.     

黑龙江省东部鸡西盆地早白垩世穆棱组植物化石新材料

系统描述了最近采集的穆棱组植物化石22属23种,其中的两种被子植物叶化石均为具原始被子植物叶特征的小型叶,在该植物群中尚属首次发现。运用扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对其中的Tyrmia sp．,Nilssoniopteris sp．,Ginkgoites cf．．sibirica,．Sphenobaiern sp．,Elatocladus manchurica等化石的叶角质层进行了研究。据已有的资料统计,穆棱组迄今已知有化石植物31属38种。该植物群以真蕨类占据绝对优势,裸子植物也相当丰富,其中的大多数种类主要见于早白垩世,穆棱组的地质时代应属早白垩世巴列姆期或巴列姆-阿普梯早期。植物组合中以丰富的热带及亚热带型植物为主要特点,未发现针叶类型的植物,说明早白垩世穆棱组沉积时,该地区的气候温暖湿润;另一方面,落叶的银杏类和松柏类,以及裸子植物木化石中具有清楚的生长轮,又说明该地区的古气候存在着季节变化。该植物群属于早白垩世西伯利亚植物区或加拿大-西伯利亚植物区。