共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
K. K. Nkongolo 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1999,215(1-4):229-239
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to determine genetic relationships amongP. mariana (black spruce),P. rubens (red spruce), andP. glauca (white spruce) and to assess the degree of polymorphism within populations from different provenances and among spruce hybrids. Eleven arbitrary decamer primers were used to amplify genomic DNAs extracted from embryogenic cultures and seedlings. Species-specific RAPD markers were identified.Picea mariana andP. rubens showed similar RAPD profiles confirming their close genetic relationship. Species-specific RAPD markers were identified and were useful in distinguishing white spruce from black and red spruces. RAPD differentiation between populations within each species was small. The level of polymorphism was much higher in spruce hybrid populations than in the pure species. Cytological analysis ofP. mariana ×P. rubens hybrids showed normal mitotic behaviour at prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. All the hybrids analyzed from different cross combinations were euploids. 相似文献
2.
Ding Wei Zhang Zhengwang Chang Jiang Zhang Er Wu Xiushan Zhang Jinguo 《Frontiers of Biology in China》2006,1(4):394-397
The Tibetan Eared-pheasant Crossoptilon harmani is a rare species native to China. A captive population has been established in the Beijing Zoo since 1999. In order to determine
the kinship of the offsprings in 2001, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to examine the parenthood of seven
Tibetan Eared-pheasants in the Beijing Zoo. To amplify the genomic DNA of each individual, 53 arbitrary primers were selected.
The results of amplifications showed that 14 primers had clear and distinct RAPD patterns. Totally, 226 amplified fragments
were generated by RAPD in this study. Cluster analysis of the seven Tibetan Eared-pheasants indicated that all the four young
birds had the same father (No.5 male). This study provides a practical method to determine the relationship of offsprings
whose parents are unknown in birds.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2005, 41(5): 507–509 [译自: 北京师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 2005, 41(5): 507–509] 相似文献
3.
Plant hybridization can lead to the evolution of invasiveness. We wished to determine whether hybrids between the largely
self-sterile Atlantic Spartina alterniflora and California native S. foliosa had evolved self-fertility during their ca 30 year existence in San Francisco Bay, CA. In pollination experiments we found
that neither of the parental species was self-fertile, nor were early generation hybrids. A large fraction of later generation
hybrids were profusely self-fertile. Inbreeding depression was high in the parental species and early generation hybrids,
but was much reduced in later generation hybrids—some even showed outbreeding depression. We found that populations of later
generation hybrids and their seedling progeny were almost two-fold more homozygous than early generation hybrids, consistent
with the evidence of increased selfing shown by our parentage analyses based upon 17 microsatellite markers. We posit that
evolved self-fertility has contributed substantially to the rapid spread of hybrid Spartina in San Francisco Bay. 相似文献
4.
Gejiao Wang Stefano Castiglione Jian Zhang Rongzhao Fu Jiangsheng Ma Wenbin Li Yongru Sun Francesco Sala 《Plant cell reports》1994,14(2-3):112-115
Summary DNA from three families of rice plants selected in Northern China (each comprising the male sterile, the restorer, the hybrid F1 and the maintainer lines) has been extracted and amplified by PCR with different random DNA primers (RAPD analysis). Then, DNA has been analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA bands scored as present or absent. The generated matrices are reproducible and amenable for identification of each single plant line. Thus, RAPD fingerprinting of the inbred parental lines and of the resulting hybrid is proposed as a convenient tool for the identification, protection and parentage determination of plant hybrids. Furthermore, by offering a molecular tool to verify the degree of dissimilarity between the parental lines, the RAPD analysis may also be used to search for new parental combinations. 相似文献
5.
Carolyn J. Ferguson Donald A. Levin Robert K. Jansen 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1999,218(1-2):153-158
Natural F1 hybrids between the outcrossingPhlox drummondii and the predominantly selfingP. cuspidata were examined to ascertain the proportion of hybrid individuals mothered by each species. Species-specific restriction fragment patterns (both nrDNA and cpDNA) were established as markers, and synthetic hybrids of known parentage were utilized to determine that the chloroplast genome is maternally inherited. Of 89 mature natural hybrids examined, approximately two thirds were mothered byP. drummondii, the outcrosser. That the outcrosser should mother most hybrids is expected since it is dependent upon incoming pollen for fertilization, and hybrids may result when heterospecific pollen is received. The fact that the highly selfingP. cuspidata mothered nearly one third of the hybrids is surprising, and may be related to both pre-zygotic and post-zygotic factors. Which species mothers hybrids has important implications for the potential for introgression as well as its direction. 相似文献
6.
Population genetic diversity in the polyploid complex of wheatgrasses using isoenzyme and RAPD data 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thirty five bands (alleles) from six enzyme systems and fifty seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments were
selected to analyse the genetic diversity of 33 polyploid wheatgrasses (Triticeae) populations of species Thinopyrum junceiforme and Elytrigia pycnantha, and two hybrids, one pentaploid and one novel 9-ploid. Dice’s similarity coefficient, the UPGMA-derived phenograms from
RAPD, and allozymes markers showed that the clustering of wheatgrass populations was based on ploidy level. These markers
had similar levels of diversity between populations, with high genetic similarity within the same ploidy-level and within
population’s individuals. The tetraploid Th. junceiforme populations are closely related, with a large similarity distances varied from 0.8 to 1. Based on the isozyme and RAPD analyses,
diploid taxa are related to polyploids with similarity coefficients 0.4. 相似文献
7.
J. B. dos Santos J. Nienhuis P. Skroch J. Tivang M. K. Slocum 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,87(8):909-915
Genetic similarity among 45 Brassica Oleracea genotypes was compared using two molecular markers, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The genotypes included 37 broccolis (var. italica), five cauliflowers (var. botrytis) and three cabbages (var. capitata) which represented a wide range of commercially-available germplasm, and included open-pollinated cultivars, commercial hybrids, and inbred parents of hybrid cultivars. Fifty-six polymorphic RFLP bands and 181 polymorphic RAPD bands were generated using 15 random cDNA probes and 62 10-mer primers, respectively. The objectives were to compare RFLP and RAPD markers with regard to their (1) sampling variance, (2) rank correlations of genetic distance among sub-samples, and (3) inheritance. A bootstrap procedure was used to generate 200 random samples of size n (n=2,3,5,... 55) independently from the RAPD and RFLP data sets. The coefficient of variance (CV) was estimated for each sample. Pooled regressions of the coefficient of variance on bootstrap sample size indicated that the rate of decrease in CV with increasing sample size was the same for RFLPs and RAPDs. The rank correlation between the Nei-Li genetic similarity values for all pairs of genotypes (990) based on RFLP and RAPD data was 0.745. Differences were observed between the RFLP and RAPD dendrograms of the 45 genotypes. Overlap in the distributions of rank correlations between independent sub-samples from the RAPD data set, compared to correlations between RFLP and RAPD sub-samples, suggest that observed differences in estimation of genetic similarity between RAPDs and RFLPs is largely due to sampling error rather than due to DNA-based differences in how RAPDs and RFLPs reveal polymorphisms. A crossing algorithm was used to generate hypothetical banding patterns of hybrids based on the genotypes of the parents. The results of this study indicate that RAPDs provide a level of resolution equivalent to RFLPs for detemination of the genetic relationships among genotypes. 相似文献
8.
Aerides vandarum and Vanda stangeana are two rare and endangered vandaceous orchids with immense floricultural traits. The intergeneric hybrids were synthesized
by performing reciprocal crosses between them. In vitro germination response of the immature hybrid embryos was found to be
best on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 20% (v/v) coconut water/liquid endosperm from tender coconut. Determination of hybridity was made as early as the immature seeds or
embryos germinated in vitro, using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 15 arbitrarily chosen decamer
RAPD primers, two were found to be useful in amplification of polymorphic bands specific to the parental species and their
presence in the reciprocal crosses. However, a decisive profile that can identify the reciprocal crosses could not be provided
by RAPD. Amplification of the trnL-F non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA of the parent species and hybrids aided easy identification of the reciprocal crosses
from the fact that maternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA held true for these intergeneric hybrids. Subsequent restriction
digestion of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified trnL-F non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA also consolidated the finding. Such PCR-based molecular markers could be used for
early determination of hybridity and easy identification of the reciprocal crosses. 相似文献
9.
Taiwan's endemic catfish Clarias fuscus is gradually disappearing from its native habitat, and has been proposed for genebank preservation. Environmental pressures,
including exotic species interference and habitat destruction, as well as possible competitive advantages of the hybrids over
this species. In order to quickly and effectively provide a reliable DNA fingerprint for the pure strain of C. fuscus we used RAPD markers to assess C. fuscus, C. mossambicus, and C.batrachus. Of the 200 primers screened to prime PCR amplification of DNA from wild-caught C. fuscus, 16 yielded reproducible DNA bands. Unique RAPD markers generated from 3 PCR primers (#211, #245 and #287) are shown to be
alleles present in the genomes of C. mossambicus but absent in the genome of C. fuscus. Hybrids of C. fuscus and C. mossambicus, therefore, could possibly be distinguished by the use of these specific molecular markers. Catfish caught from the Mingder
Dam were then cautiously removed from the preserved stock because of the appearance of hybrid markers in their genomes. 相似文献
10.
An investigation of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) marker distribution was made for two well-characterised hybrids and their parents,Leucaena leucocephala andL. esculenta andParkinsonia aculeata andCercidium praecox. Three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers identified the maternal parent of eachL. leucocephala ×L. esculenta hybrid. Fifteen species-diagnostic RAPD markers (invariant in one taxon and absent from the other) were always present in theLeucaena hybrid and assumed to be of nuclear origin, whilst three RAPD markers showed expression patterns identical to the cpDNA markers and were assumed to be of organellar origin. No RAPD or PCR-RFLP taxon-diagnostic markers were discovered for eitherP. aculeata orC. praecox. However, 21 RAPD markers were species-specific (polymorphic within one taxon but absent from the other) and Southern analysis indicated that none of the markers were of organellar origin. Only 67% additivity of markers specific toP. aculeata andC. praecox was demonstrated in the hybrids between these two species, whilst inLeucaena 97% additivity was demonstrated. Differences between the two hybridising situations were related to the behaviour of the molecular markers and the biology of the species. 相似文献
11.
S. Frello K. R. Hansen J. Jensen R. B. Jørgensen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,91(2):236-241
We have examined the inheritance of 20 rapeseed (Brassica napus)-specific RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers from transgenic, herbicide-tolerant rapeseed in 54 plants of the BC1 generation from the cross B. junceax(B. junceaxB. napus). Hybridization between B. juncea and B. napus, with B. juncea as the female parent, was successful both in controlled crosses and spontaneously in the field. The controlled backcrossing of selected hybrids to B. juncea, again with B. juncea as the female parent, also resulted in many seeds. The BC1 plants contained from 0 to 20 of the rapeseed RAPD markers, and the frequency of inheritance of individual RAPD markers ranged from 19% to 93%. The transgene was found in 52% of the plants analyzed. Five synteny groups of RAPD markers were identified. In the hybrids pollen fertility was 0–28%. The hybrids with the highest pollen fertility were selected as male parents for backcrossing, and pollen fertility in the BC1 plants was improved (24–90%) compared to that of the hybrids. 相似文献
12.
P. G. Lanham R. M. Brennan C. Hackett R. J. McNicol 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,90(2):166-172
Ribes nigrum germplasm was screened for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fiftyfour markers were identified which generated individual fingerprints for each of 21 cultivars. Genetic variation within R. nigrum germplasm, as detected by RAPDs, demonstrated that the genetic basis for improvement of blackcurrant is narrower than would be expected by the analysis of parentage. 相似文献
13.
E. V. Fowler B. A. Houlden W. B. Sherwin P. Hoeben P. Timms 《Biochemical genetics》1998,36(5-6):193-206
Highly repeatable randomly amplified polymorphicDNA (RAPD) markers were developed for parentage studiesin the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Of the 25 RAPDprimers screened, 5 (20.0%) produced 32 repeatable polymorphic RAPD bands (average/primer = 6.4± 4.2). A high level of polymorphism was observedfor each group of koalas (Featherdale, 71.9%; Lone Pine,84.4%). All 25 koalas could be uniquely identified using either RAPD or microsatellite markers. Of the32 RAPD markers generated in koalas, 25 were informativefor parentage analyses. These RAPD markers successfullydetermined both parents to three offspring and a male parent to a fourth offspring.Paternity analysis (where the female parent is known)succeeded in assigning the correct male parent to sevenoffspring. Our RAPD–PCR method generatesinformative genetic markers that are useful for parentagedetermination and individual identification of captivekoalas. This would provide genetic analysis to zoos andwildlife parks as a low-cost alternative to the more expensive microsatellite markers. 相似文献
14.
Yuqiang Sun Xianlong Zhang Yichun Nie Xiaoping Guo 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2005,83(3):303-310
Fertile somatic hybrids were obtained via symmetric electrofusion of protoplasts from two combinations of tetraploid cotton (G. hirsutum cv. Coker 201, AD genome) and diploid wild cottons G. bickii (G genome) and G. stockii (E genome), respectively. Observation by morphological, flow cytometric analysis, chromosome counting and RAPD analysis of the tested hybrids of Coker 201 + G. bickii and Coker 201 + G. stockii confirmed the regenerated plants as hybrid status. Cytological investigation of the metaphase root-tip cells revealed there were 78 chromosomes in the hybrids. Flow cytometric analysis showed the tested plants had a relative DNA contents close to the total DNA contents of the two parents. RAPD analysis revealed the hybrids contained specific genomic fragments from both fusion partners, further confirmed their hybridity. The morphology of the hybrids was intermediate between the two fusion partners. The hybrid plants were successfully transferred to the soil, and they bloomed and set bolls. It is sure that the new hexaploids developed by cell fusion would contribute to cotton breeding through backcrossing with the elite genotypes of G. hirsutum. 相似文献
15.
A study was conducted to examine the growth response of a rhizobial strain Rhizobium sp. NBRI330 isolated from root nodules of Prosopis juliflora growing in alkaline soil. The strain had the ability to nodulate P. juliflora. Nursery grown plants inoculated with Rhizobium sp. NBRI330 had 60.6% higher plant dry weight, as compared with uninoculated plants. The individual stress survival limit
of a rhizobial strain Rhizobium sp. NBRI330 isolated from alkaline soil in a medium containing 32% (wt/vol) salt was 8 h, and at 55°C up to 3 h. The length
of Rhizobium sp. NBRI330 in salt-stressed cells increased significantly to 3.04 μm from 1.75 μm of non-stressed control cells. On the
contrary, the length of pH-stressed cells declined to 1.40 μm. Compared with non-stressed control rod-shaped cells, the shape
of temperature-stressed cells changed to spherical, of 0.42 μm diameter. High temperature (45°C) was tolerated efficiently
by Rhizobium sp. NBRI330 in the presence of salt at pH 12, as compared with pH 7.
Received: 13 September 1999 / Accepted: 14 October 1999 相似文献
16.
Carvalho Luísa C. Goulão Luíis Oliveira Cristina Gonçalves José Carlos Amâncio Sara 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2004,77(1):23-27
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used as a tool to assess the clonal identity of four in vitro propagated chestnut rootstock hybrids (Castanea sativa × C. crenata) described as originally isolated from the same mother tree. To confirm genetic stability after in vitro multiplication for more than 4 years, RAPD patterns of in vitro and donor plants were compared. From 40 arbitrary 10-mer primers used to amplify DNA, 21 provided patterns and were chosen
for comparisons. Although significant differences were found in growth parameters between in vitro material of the putative clones, RAPD profiling showed polymorphism in none but one. This accession may then be withdrawn
from the same clonal origin as the other three. As expected, no polymorphism was detected between the material propagated
in vitro and the donor plants they originated from. 相似文献
17.
Mary Gibby 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1985,149(3-4):241-252
The cytology of wild hybrids ofDryopteris from Pico, Azores has been examined. This has confirmed the parentage of the hybrids, and provided evidence to support the view that the tetraploid speciesD. crispifolia has evolved in the Azores from two diploid species,D. aemula andD. azorica, by hybridization and polyploidy. 相似文献
18.
Shoot apices ofBougainvillea glabra ‘Magnifica’ were induced to regenerate an average of ten shoots from their bases in response to BAP (0.5 mg/l) plus IAA (1.5
mg/l). All the isolated shoots from such cultures were rooted in a medium containing 0.1 mg/l each of IBA and 2,4,5-T and
lacking BAP. Plantlets were then successfully grown in potted soil where they flowered normally.
NBRI, research publication no. 32/80. 相似文献
19.
M. Yamagishi 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,91(6-7):830-835
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were utilized for the identification of Lilium species and inter-specific hybrids. The optimum annealing temperature of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the RAPD assay in Lilium was 54 °C, which is relatively higher than the temperature used for other genera reported by previous researchers. Among 76 primers used to amplify genomic DNA by PCR, 18 primers (24%) generated polymorphic DNA fragments in Lilium species and hybrids. Cultivars were also identified by RAPD markers. Some amplified fragments were unique to species of each section and to hybrids derived from these species; that is, they were the section-specific DNA markers. Sections, Sinomartagon, Leucolirion b, Leucolirion a and Archelirion could be identified by 6 section-specific markers amplified with five primers. Seven inter-section hybrids showed the section-specific bands of both parental sections, indicating that these markers would be useful for identifying the parental sections of inter-section hybrids. 相似文献
20.
James F. Smith Charles C. Burke Warren L. Wagner 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1996,200(1-2):61-77
Interspecific hybridization among Hawaiian species ofCyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) was investigated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Thirty-three different primers were used to investigate interspecific hybridization for 17 different putative hybrids based on morphological intermediacy and sympatry with putative parental species. RAPD data provided evidence for the hybrid origin of all putative hybrid taxa examined in this analysis. However, the patterns in the hybrid taxa were not found to be completely additive of the patterns found in the parental species. Markers missing in the hybrid taxa can be attributed to polymorphism in the populations of the parental species and the dominant nature of inheritance for RAPD markers. Unique markers found within hybrid taxa require further explanation but do not necessarily indicate that the taxa are not of hybrid origin. The implications suggest that these interspecific hybridization events had, and continue to have, an effect on the adaptive radiation and conservation biology ofCyrtandra. 相似文献