腰痛相关动物模型的研究进展

腰痛(low back pain,LBP)是影响人类健康的最常见疾病之一,患病率高且治愈率低下。其发病机制尚不清楚,可能与多种因素有关,如椎间盘退变、关节突关节损伤、肌肉筋膜炎症等。建立恰当的动物模型有助于研究和了解LBP的发病机制、探索预防及治疗方法。本文就可诱发腰痛的动物模型研究进展综述如下。     

Evaluation of Psychophysiological Asymmetry in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by systemic pain of unknown etiology, and is often accompanied by various psychological symptoms. In the present study, differences in surface electromyographic (SEMG) levels of the trapezius muscle, skin temperature (TEMP) and skin conductance level (SCL) were compared between the right and left side of the body in 31 FMS and 47 control subjects (Control Group). We observed significant asymmetries of SEMG level, TEMP and SCL in the FMS Group. These asymmetries might be related to central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions. Marked increase of SEMG levels, and a decrease of TEMP and SCL were observed at the dominant side in the FMS Group, and a negative correlation of SEMG levels with TEMP and SCL was found. These results suggest that continued antalgic postures in response to pain at the dominant side in FMS patients might lead to asymmetries of SEMG level, TEMP and SCL. Thus, a focus on pain related behaviors and muscle asymmetry might be a useful therapeutic approach.     

The effect of a pattern in palmar interdigital II on a-b ridge count in black and white Down syndrome cases and controls

An unconfirmed study by Fang (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of London, 1950) in Britain showed that individuals with Down syndrome had lower total a-b ridge counts in palmar Interdigital area II (ID II) than a group of controls. This study compares 603 white Down syndrome cases and 93 black Down syndrome cases with 668 white and 402 black controls. Our results confirm those of Fang in that the Down syndrome cases in both racial groups had lower total a-b ridge counts than their respective controls. In addition, the black controls and Down syndrome cases had lower a-b ridge counts than their white counterparts. The mean a-b ridge count was significantly lower in individuals with a pattern in ID II compared to individuals without a pattern in ID II in both the Down syndrome and control groups. Some of the lower a-b ridge counts in the Down syndrome samples can be accounted for by the fact that there is an increased frequency of a pattern in ID II in Down syndrome cases. Both Down syndrome and normal individuals who had a pattern unilaterally had a lower than expected a-b ridge count on the contralateral hand that did not have a pattern. There was a tendency also for increased asymmetry in Down syndrome cases with a pattern in ID II.     

Hypothenar radial arch in man: observations on its distribution, morphology, symmetry, and inheritance

Hypothenar radial arch was found in 2.07% of the males and 2.82% of females in a sample of 2,130 Bulgarians. Persons bearing the pattern on the right hand display the highest frequency, followed by those bearing the pattern bilaterally and those with it on the left hand. A well-expressed tendency of the hypothenar radial arch towards symmetrical occurrence was disclosed through the ratio between the actual and expected frequency of its bilateral occurrence. This ratio is recommended as an efficient estimator of tendency toward symmetry. The presence of the pattern is associated with morphological peculiarities of the other dermatoglyphic features of the palm. Line A ends at two parts of the palm periphery which are extremes of its usual distribution. Line D is shortened and the ridges run more vertically than in palms without the pattern. The connection of the hypothenar radial arch with the border ulnar triradius, along with the observations on the opposite hypothenars in the unilateral cases, provides a support of Wilder's conception concerning the mode of formation of the pattern. A genealogical tree exhibiting transmission of the pattern over three consecutive generations is presented. A pattern of dominant inheritance with a fairly reduced penetrance is compatible with the genealogical data.     

Asymmetry of the mandibular condyle in Haida Indians

The condyles of 72 aged and sexed Haida Indians were measured for anteroposterior and mediolateral diameter and their approximate areas calculated. Dental wear was assessed for the same individuals. Asymmetry of condyle size did not appear to change with age. In a pair-wise analysis, no relationship was found between the largest of a pair of condyles and the most worn side of the dentition. The difference in size between each pair of condyles (normalized for individual size) was plotted as a histogram and found to have a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and no skewness. Condyle asymmetry does not appear to be related to differential chewing forces but more closely fits the model of fluctuating asymmetry.     

蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型不对称性分析

报道了蜘蛛抱蛋属(Aspidistra)两种植物的染色体数目和核型,其中河口蜘蛛抱蛋(A.hekouensi)的染色体数目(2n=38)为首次报道,四川蜘蛛抱蛋(A.sichuanensis)染色体数目也为2n=38,但其核型与以往的报道有差别.使用染色体内不对称系数(A1)和染色体间不对称系数(A2)对该属34种植物核型的不对称性进行了分析,结果表明该属植物的核型似乎并没有向不对称性增强的方向演化.     

Genetic basis of a-b, b-c and c-d ridge counts on human palms

The mechanism of inheritance of ridge count of palmar interdigital areas has been studied among Brahmans of Sagar town of Central India. The correlation coefficients between ridge counts in various family relationships lend support to the concept of an additive genetic model, especially for the b-c or second interdigital area.     

Variations on dermal ridges in nine population groups of maharashtra,india. III. Asymmetry and interdigital diversity

Variations in asymmetry and interdigital diversity for the three finger-dermatoglyphic traits, total finger ridge count (TRC), absolute total finger ridge count (ARC), and finger pattern intensity index (PII) have been studied here from a sample of 646 males belonging to nine population groups from Maharashtra, India. It is seen that at such local level of population differentiation the ridge count measures TRC and ARC discriminate the population better as compared to PII. A considerable amount of variations also exist in their asymmetries and interdigital diversities and these suggest the possibility of their genetic controls. Such genetic controls might mediate both asymmetry and interdigital diversity jointly, as there seems to be positive correlation between these measures with respect to all the three finger-dermatoglyphic traits.     

Genetic basis of a-b,b-c and c-d ridge counts on human soles

The mechanism of inheritance of ridge count of plantar inter-digital areas has been studied among Brahmans of Sagar town of Central India. The correlation coefficient between ridge counts in various family relationships lend support to the concept of an additive genetic model.     

Asymmetry of the interrenal gland in two flounder species in the spawning period

Significant differences in the area of cell nuclei of the left and right lobes of the interrenal glad have been revealed within the spawning period in two flounder species—the the barfin plaice Liopsetta pinnifasciata and the Korean flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri, which testifies to the different functional activities of these lobes and, accordingly, about the functional asymmetry of the interrenal glad. Individuals with a functionally more active right lobe of the gland prevail for the barfin plaice, whereas with the Korean flounder the number of individuals with a more active left lobe is equal to the number of individuals with a more active right lobe.     

实验动物产生波动性不对称的影响因素

饲养方式、社会环境和化学污染是影响动物发育不稳定的重要环境胁迫因素,会使动物种群的适应和竞争能力等指数降低。而波动性不对称FA（Fluctuating asymmetry）的水平可用来指示某一种群对这种环境压力的进化和适应能力。FA的测量方法比常规的参数更加灵敏,而且可将环境压力的影响定量化,同时其测定和分析都比较简单,不需要昂贵的设备和试剂,使研究和监测成本大大降低。     

Growth and Fluctuating Asymmetry of Stepchildren

Parental caretaking is critical for child health and psychological development. Evolutionary logic and empirical studies suggest that stepchildren sometimes may receive less care and experience more traumas than genetic offspring. In this article, we investigate the effects of stepfamily environment on children's physical growth as part of a 12-year (1988–1999) project investigating child health in a rural village on the east coast of Dominica. Participants were 238 children aged 0–20 (X = 10.53) residing in the village of Bwa Mawego. Information on family environments was collected continuously since 1988. Here we analyze data from a longitudinal series of anthropometric measures collected in 1997, 1998, and 1999. To assess general growth, we measured height, weight, head circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and peri-umbilical skinfold. We also collected medical records of weight from birth through 3 years of age. To assess fluctuating asymmetry (FA), we measured bilateral (right and left side) arm circumference, calf circumference, wrist breadth, ankle breadth, ear breadth, ear height, and length of digits 2–5. Coresidence with stepfather was associated with suboptimal growth. Female stepchildren aged 0–10 and male stepchildren aged 10–20 had lower body weight for age than other children, including their coresident half-siblings. Stepchildren and nonstepchildren had similar weights at birth, and similar muscle and fat cross-sections. Contrary to expectations, FA of stepchildren was lower than in other children. Recognition of the high risk of poor growth for stepchildren is important because of subsequent associations with morbidity, psychological problems, and educational performance. Why stepchildren had significantly lower FA than others warrants further investigation.     

Aminophospholipid Asymmetry in Murine Synaptosomal Plasma Membrane

The asymmetric distribution of aminophospholipids in isolated murine synaptosomal plasma membranes was determined by a chemical labeling procedure. Under nonpenetrating conditions, mouse brain synaptosomes were reacted with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) to label outermonolayer aminophospholipids covalently. About 10-15% of the phosphatidylethanolamine and 20% of the phosphatidylserine were found to be in the outer monolayer of the synaptosomal plasma membrane. Furthermore, the fatty acyl group composition of the labeled phosphatidylethanolamine (outer monolayer) consisted of more saturated fatty acid than did the unlabeled phosphatidylethanolamine (inner monolayer). These results demonstrated an aminophospholipid asymmetry in synaptosomal plasma membranes which was independent of serum-lipoprotein exchange processes and also of phosphatidylethanolamine-methylatingenzymes.     

太行山猕猴掌面花纹嵴数不对称性研究

为了解太行山猕猴掌面花纹嵴数的方向性不对称和波动性不对称的特征和性差,对26例(雌18例,雄8例)肤纹完整清晰的太行山猕猴的掌面花纹嵴数进行计数,用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行T-检验和相关分析.结果表明:在方向性小对称有关变量中存在性别差异,变量之间存在弱的负相关,波动性不对称量不存在性差,变量之间的相关系数有不同程度的性差.