非嗜食寄主气味蛹期处理对不同寄主来源美洲斑潜蝇雌成虫嗅觉定向的影响

测定用菜豆和丝瓜饲养的美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard蛹暴露于用正己烷稀释的番茄或南瓜叶片挥发性抽提物(TLE或PLE)72h后,羽化雌成虫在Y形嗅觉仪中对TLE或PLE的定向率、平均反应时间以及对正己烷的定向率和平均反应时间,比较幼虫寄主经历和寄主气味对美洲斑潜蝇成虫嗅觉记忆的影响。结果表明,蛹期使用非嗜食寄主植物气味处理,能增加美洲斑潜蝇羽化雌成虫对非嗜食寄主气味的定向;幼虫期的寄主经历对处理后的成虫嗅觉定向也产生影响,饲喂丝瓜的美洲斑潜蝇蛹期处理后,羽化雌成虫显著偏向选择处理气味而非正己烷,饲喂菜豆的美洲斑潜蝇对南瓜的气味也表现出同样的特点,但对番茄的气味则相反,即使处理后对番茄气味的选择比率增加,仍然偏向选择正己烷。     

不同发育阶段短期低温对小菜蛾生存和繁殖的影响

【目的】本研究通过不同低温时长和低温所处发育阶段对小菜蛾Plutellaxylostella生存和繁殖能力的影响,为冬季蔬菜大棚中小菜蛾的发生及防治提供理论参考。【方法】在相对湿度为55%±10%,12L∶12D的光周期条件下,观察小菜蛾4龄幼虫、蛹和成虫分别经低温（8℃）处理24、48和96h后幼虫的化蛹率、成虫的羽化率、成虫寿命、产卵前期、产卵期及产卵量等指标,以温度为（26±1）℃的处理为对照组。【结果】8℃处理不同时长对小菜蛾幼虫化蛹率的影响差异不显著（χ²=1.58,P=0.664）,但低温所处的不同发育阶段（χ2=1.58,P=0.664）,但低温所处的不同发育阶段（χ²=202.52,P <0.001和低温处理时长（χ2=202.52,P <0.001和低温处理时长（χ²=141.83,P <0.001）显著影响成虫的羽化率;4龄幼虫低温处理后的羽化率均高于蛹期低温处理的（4龄幼虫低温：87.40%;蛹期低温：66.97%）。成虫寿命受低温处理时长（χ2=141.83,P <0.001）显著影响成虫的羽化率;4龄幼虫低温处理后的羽化率均高于蛹期低温处理的（4龄幼虫低温：87.40%;蛹期低温：66.97%）。成虫寿命受低温处理时长（χ²=39.3,P <0.001）和低温所处发育阶段（χ2=39.3,P <0.001）和低温所处发育阶段（χ²=43.0,P <0.001）影响。一定范围内,4龄幼虫低温处理时长对雌雄成虫寿命无显著影响（雌虫：χ2=43.0,P <0.001）影响。一定范围内,4龄幼虫低温处理时长对雌雄成虫寿命无显著影响（雌虫：χ²=41.86,df=3,P=0.330;雄虫：χ2=41.86,df=3,P=0.330;雄虫：χ²=4.55,df=3,P=0.210）,而蛹期（雌虫：χ2=4.55,df=3,P=0.210）,而蛹期（雌虫：χ²=41.86,df=3,P <0.001;雄虫：χ2=41.86,df=3,P <0.001;雄虫：χ²=14.30,df=3,P <0.001）和成虫期雄虫寿命（χ2=14.30,df=3,P <0.001）和成虫期雄虫寿命（χ²=19.32,df=3,P <0.001）随低温处理时长的延长而逐渐延长;雄成虫寿命普遍长于雌成虫寿命（未成熟阶段低温：χ2=19.32,df=3,P <0.001）随低温处理时长的延长而逐渐延长;雄成虫寿命普遍长于雌成虫寿命（未成熟阶段低温：χ²=﹣3.88,P <0.001;成熟阶段低温：χ2=﹣3.88,P <0.001;成熟阶段低温：χ²=﹣5.72,P <0.001）;产卵前期随低温处理时长的延长而延长（未成熟期处理：χ2=﹣5.72,P <0.001）;产卵前期随低温处理时长的延长而延长（未成熟期处理：χ²=14.40,df=3,P=0.002;成熟期处理：χ2=14.40,df=3,P=0.002;成熟期处理：χ²=60.04, df=2, P <0.001）。单雌产卵量除蛹期8℃处理96 h(40.9粒/雌)外,其余处理与对照组（87.3粒/雌）相比无显著性降低。【结论】不同低温处理时长对蛹的生存和繁殖的影响比对4龄幼虫的影响更为明显,且随低温处理时长的延长,对小菜蛾的生存和繁殖的抑制程度加深。     

转Bt基因玉米对甜菜夜蛾幼虫存活和发育的影响

在室内测定了2种转Cry1Ab基因的Bt玉米MON810和Bt11不同组织对甜菜夜蛾 Spodoptera exigua （Hübner）初孵幼虫以及心叶对4龄幼虫存活和发育的影响,在田间比较了甜菜夜蛾幼虫取食Bt 和非Bt玉米雌穗的存活和为害情况。结果表明,转Cry1Ab基因的Bt玉米的不同组织对甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫都具有明显的杀虫活性,取食Bt玉米心叶、苞叶、籽粒时甜菜夜蛾均在幼虫期死亡; 取食MON810和Bt11雄穗的初孵幼虫化蛹率分别为5.2%和2.1%,羽化率为2.1%和1.0%;取食MON810和Bt11花丝的初孵幼虫化蛹率分别为1.0%和2.1%,但不能羽化。4龄幼虫取食MON810玉米心叶的化蛹率与对照差异不显著,而取食Bt11的化蛹率与对照差异显著; 取食两种Bt玉米心叶的４龄幼虫化蛹后的雌、雄蛹重和羽化率与对照组差异显著,但蛹期和平均单雌产卵量差异不显著,虽然对照组羽化的成虫平均产卵量高于Bt玉米组。田间接种初孵幼虫10 天后的调查结果表明,在MON810和Bt11玉米花丝上幼虫存活率分别为1.3%和0.3%, 而对照组分别为12.9%和16.2%;MON810和Bt11玉米雌穗被害率分别为18.3%和5.0%,而对照组分别为93.3%和95.0%,均显著低于对照组。     

冷藏对美洲斑潜蝇蛹期发育和生存的影响

【目的】美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard自20世纪90年代入侵我国后已经成为蔬菜和观赏植物的重要害虫。然而,近些年该昆虫已经逐渐成为研究植物和昆虫、昆虫抗寒性和寄主适应性等热点课题的模式种类。因此,为了实验室条件下更好保藏该虫的种群,本文研究了冷藏(世代发育起点温度8℃)对该斑潜蝇蛹发育和生存的影响。【方法】以化蛹后第3天的蛹为实验对象,8℃低温冷藏,并以冷藏时间(0、7、14、21、28和35 d)为参试因子研究了冷藏时间对美洲斑潜蝇蛹羽化率的影响;化蛹后每24 h解剖观察一次蛹并对蛹期发育阶段进行划分;根据划分的蛹期阶段,对处理中未羽化的蛹进行解剖比对,得到对低温最敏感的蛹期。【结果】随着冷藏时间的增长,美洲斑潜蝇的蛹羽化率逐渐降低。超过14 d后,羽化率明显下降。冷藏至35 d时羽化率为零。解剖正常发育的美洲斑潜蝇的蛹,将蛹期分为预蛹期、隐头蛹期、显头蛹初期、半透明眼期、浅黄色到琥珀色眼期、红褐色眼期、鬃毛蛹期。不同冷藏时间条件下,未羽化的蛹死亡时间主要为鬃毛蛹期,且鬃毛蛹期死亡的蛹的数量与贮藏时间呈正比例关系。【结论】在室内冷藏美洲斑潜蝇时,3日龄蛹8℃贮藏少于14 d为宜;鬃毛蛹期(10~11日龄蛹)对低温比较敏感,冷藏过程中,应避免鬃毛蛹期的蛹。     

黄翅菜叶蜂的初步研究

黄翅菜叶蜂为油菜、白菜、萝卜等十字花科植物主要害虫之一。在四川凉山地区一年可发生五个重迭世代,以老熟幼虫在土壤中作蛹茧越冬,越冬成虫四月上旬出现,第一代成虫发生于5月上旬-6月中旬,第二代6月上旬-7月中旬,第三代7月上旬-8月下旬,第四代8月中旬-10月中旬,10月间开始越冬。成虫量与油菜生育期有极密切的关系,子叶期成虫量为80.1-93.0%。成虫有较强的伪死性,雨天、阴天伪死性较强,晴天较弱,成虫雨天不活动产卵。雌虫一般多于雄虫,雌虫为68.4-70.9%。雌虫最多产卵量为318粒,最少为35粒。雌成虫寿命5-12天,雌虫3-9天。卵期4-41天,卵孵化率一般为93.3-100%。幼虫有5龄,幼虫期10-36天,1-3龄幼虫多躲在叶背,不易发觉,老熟幼虫潜入1-11厘米土层内化蛹,前蛹期5-21天,蛹期7-25天。成虫初羽化时在土面爬行数分钟才能飞翔,晴天飞翔力强。耕翻土壤对蛹有一定机械损伤,暴露于土面的蛹在自然阳光下照晒其死亡率很高。 666、DDT对黄翅菜叶蜂幼虫具有极强的毒杀效果。敌百虫较差。     

暗期5h不同波长LED光照对斜纹夜蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响

【目的】探明暗期5 h不同波长LED光照对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura生长发育及繁殖的影响。【方法】处理组斜纹夜蛾各虫态于暗期分别接受5 h不同波长LED灯[红(620-625 nm)、黄(580-585 nm)、蓝(465-467 nm)、绿(520-523 nm)和白色(复合光)]光照,即光周期分别为14L∶5R∶5D, 14L∶5Y∶5D, 14L∶5B∶5D, 14L∶5G∶5D和14L∶5W∶5D,对照组则在光周期为14L∶10D条件下培养,观测计算卵孵化率、化蛹率、成虫羽化率、发育历期和成虫寿命,称量蛹重,统计单雌产卵量。【结果】暗期各波长LED光照5 h对斜纹夜蛾卵孵化率、化蛹率和成虫羽化率无显著影响;黄光处理组卵期(4.0 d)较对照(3.0 d)显著延长,而各色光处理组蛹期较对照显著缩短,且雄蛹期显著长于雌蛹期;各色光处理均使蛹重减轻,但雌雄蛹重差异不显著;各色光处理组成虫寿命较对照均延长,红光下雄虫寿命(18.4 d)显著长于雌虫(15.0 d),且红光下产卵前期最短(3.0 d),单雌产卵量最高(1 346.0粒)。【结论】在一定条件下,暗期5 h不...     

小地老虎变态期脂肪体变化及保幼激素类似物的影响

本文对小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)从四龄幼虫开始经预蛹和蛹的变态期及羽化为成虫后的脂肪体出现的超微结构变化,蛋白质含量的变动,以及蛋白质颗粒的形成和消失过程,进行了系统观察和组织化学分析。结果表明:(1)在幼虫期的后期,脂肪体扩大成宽带状,细胞体积增大的同时出现双核和多核。进入预蛹期,细胞内开始出现嗜碱性“蛋白质颗粒”,血细胞吞噬部分脂肪体细胞。蛹龄一天时,脂肪体转变成块状,细胞内充满大型蛋白质颗粒。在蛹龄5—10天内,“幼虫脂肪体”逐步崩解,围膜及细胞膜消失。至蛹龄12天时转变为预成虫,脂肪体细胞重新出现,并以气管分支为中心聚合成花朵状圆球体,再组成串状“成虫脂肪体”,仍充满蛋白质颗粒。幼虫期发达的粗面内质网和线粒体,至预蛹期则衰变成几种类型的蛋白质颗粒。(2)六龄幼虫在1—5日龄期间,每克脂肪体的蛋白质含量稳定在7.1—8.4毫克之间,随后逐步升高,至预蛹期达16.3毫克的峰值。蛹初期,雄蛹和雌蛹的含量分别增高到预蛹期的1.63和2.4倍。但在蛹龄2—8天内迅速下降到六龄幼虫期的水平。至蛹龄9—13天时间(包括预成虫),含量又突然猛增,雌蛹尤为显著。蛹期脂肪体细胞充满着的几种蛋白质颗粒,在羽化为成虫后的24小时内全部消失。在六龄幼虫期用保幼激素类似物ZR-515(20微克)作体壁处理,可使幼虫期延长4天,并使九日龄幼虫的脂肪体仍保持幼虫型状态。     

敲减神经肽F基因(npf)对亚洲玉米螟取食、生长发育和繁殖的影响

【目的】神经肽F(neuropeptide F, NPF)是无脊椎动物特有的一类神经肽,因其C末端是苯丙氨酸(F)而命名,参与昆虫的取食、生物节律、学习记忆等多种生理功能的调控。本研究旨在明确NPF对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis生长发育的影响,为害虫防治提供重要依据。【方法】采用一种基于工程菌高效合成靶向昆虫基因的dsRNA的方法经济有效地敲降npf,用低浓度(0.01%)和高浓度(0.02%)dsNPF和dsGFP(对照)分别饲喂亚洲玉米螟1龄初、3龄初和5龄初幼虫直至化蛹,检测5龄幼虫平均取食量、体重、体长、存活率和化蛹率,蛹羽化率和成虫产卵量,以及幼虫各龄期、蛹发育历期和成虫寿命。【结果】从亚洲玉米螟1, 3和5龄初幼虫开始饲喂0.01%和0.02% dsNPF时,与饲喂相应浓度dsGFP的对照相比,除个别点外,5龄幼虫的取食量、体重、体长、存活率和化蛹率,蛹羽化率和成虫单雌产卵量均显著降低,幼虫各龄期、蛹发育历期均显著延长,成虫寿命显著缩短。且dsNPF处理幼虫的龄期越早对发育的影响越大。其中0.01% dsNPF处理的1龄幼虫和0.02% dsNPF处理的3龄幼虫有90%的个体在蛹期死亡,而0.02%dsNPF处理的1龄幼虫有90%的个体在幼虫期死亡。【结论】结果提示NPF对亚洲玉米螟的发育和取食具有调控作用,这为探索新型绿色的害虫防治提供了依据。     

大叶黄杨尺蠖(Abraxas miranda Butler)的研究

一、大叶黄杨尺蠖(Abraxas miranda Butler)是重要的园林害虫之一,为害卫矛科的两种植物,即:大叶黄杨与爬行卫矛。在中国分布于江苏、浙江、贵州及东北等地。 二、大叶黄杨尺蠖在上海一年发生三代,但在室内饲育可完成四代,以蛹在土中越冬。第一代成虫自4月上旬开始羽化,幼虫自4月下旬开始为害,至5月下旬进入蛹期。第二代成虫自6月上旬开始羽化,幼虫自6月中旬开始为害、直至8月下旬进入蛹期。第三代成虫自8月中旬开始羽化、幼虫自9月上旬开始至11月中旬进入蛹期。 三、根据室内饲养,成虫的寿命第一代雄虫平均7.8天,雌虫平均9.6天;第二代雄虫平均11天,雌虫平均15.4天;第三代雄虫平均9天,雌虫平均10天;第四代雄虫平均12天,雌虫平均14.5天。卵期第一代为14.5天,第二代8.6天,第三代9天,第四代12天。幼虫期第一代平均34.9天,第二代平均23.4天,第三代平均25天,第四代平均58天。蛹期第一代平均11.4天,第二代平均45.8天,第三代平均15.9天,第四代为越冬蛹。 四、成虫飞行力很弱,白天栖息在大叶黄杨树下或附近草丛中,晚上活动,趋光性不强。成虫羽化多在下午3—5时,羽化后即可交尾,一般交尾时间为6—7小时,最长可达11小时,交尾后7小时即行产卵,每一雌蛾可产卵360余粒。 五、幼虫共五龄,羽化后3、4小时就开始取食,受     

南美斑潜蝇的形态学及生物学特性研究

南美斑潜蝇是福建省近年严重为害蔬菜、花卉的新害虫。本对南美斑潜蝇的形态特性、生物学特性进行了研究,其中科卵、取食、化蛹、羽化、交配习性、羽化节律、性比、不同营养处理对成虫寿命的影响、不同温度对成虫寿命及产卵量的影响。结果表明：南美斑潜蝇主要在８：００－１２：００羽化;在饲以蜜水＋寄生植物下,雌虫的寿命最长,平均达到１５．０天;在１８℃下的产卵量最大,平均达到１７５．７粒;在１４℃下的雌虫寿命最长     

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of a parasitic wasp to plant volatiles induced by two leaf miner species

In the present study, Y-tube olfactometric assays demonstrated that headspace volatile extracts collected from leaf miner-damaged, or artificially damaged, bean plants were more attractive to naive females of the parasitoid insect Opius dissitus than those collected from healthy plants. Headspace extracts from both Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza sativae second-instar larvae-damaged beans were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). Of nine EAD-active volatiles identified, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (3Z)-hexenyl acetate, (syn)-2-methylpropanal oxime, and (syn)-2-methylbutanal oxime were the most abundant compounds that evoked significant electroantennogram (EAG) responses. Compounds (3Z)-hexen-1-ol, (anti)-2-methylbutanal oxime, linalool, beta-caryophyllene, and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene also elicited clear EAG responses but were present in smaller amounts. Choice experiments in a Y-tube olfactometer indicated that synthetic versions of (3Z)-hexen-1-ol, 2-methylpropanal oxime, 2-methylbutanal oxime, 3-methylbutanal oxime, linalool, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were attractive individually, while (3Z)-hexenyl acetate and (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene were unattractive at concentrations similar to those obtained from the headspace collection. Moreover, a blend of nine EAD-active volatiles was significantly more attractive relative to hexane (solvent). A mixture of oximes, tereponids, and green leaf volatiles may facilitate host location by female O. dissitus.     

Electroantennogram responses of the carrot fly, Psila rosae, to volatile plant components

ABSTRACT. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female carrot flies, Psila rosae F. (Diptera: Psilidae), were recorded to thirty-six volatile plant constituents. The most distinct EAG responses were obtained to: (1) the general green leaf volatiles 1-hexanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol and cis-3-hexen-1-ol, their isomers cis-2-hexen-1-ol and trans-3-hexen-1-ol, the alcohol 1-heptanol, the ester cis-3-hexenyl acetate and the leaf aldehydes hexanal and trans-2-hexenal, and (2) from four compounds associated with the umbelliferous host plants of this insect, namely trans-methyl-iso-eugenol, β-caryophyllene, linalool and trans-2-nonenal. Higher responses were elicited by the leaf aldehydes than by the corresponding alcohols. Although the absolute amplitude of the female response was over twice that of the male, there were no differences between the relative responses to the compounds tested in both sexes, with the exception of a much higher response to the leaf aldehydes in the male. The shape of the EAG evoked by the various compounds was consistently different, with the slowest recovery being recorded for trans-methyl-iso-eugenol. While the antennal olfactory receptors of the carrot fly are sensitive to the closely related general green leaf volatiles, they are most specifically tuned to the aldehyde component of this green odour complex. In addition, the ability of this insect to discriminate between different plants may be augmented by the perception of a group of more host specific volatiles. The conformity of the responses of males and females to the compounds tested may indicate that host plant volatiles plays an additional role as an aggregation cue for both sexes.     

粤东产重瓣臭茉莉挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对粤东产重瓣臭茉莉(Clerodendrum chinense (Lour.) Merr.)挥发油进行提取, 并运用GC-MS对其成分进行分析和鉴定。结果分离出31个峰, 确定了31种化合物, 按峰面积归一化法计算各组成化合物的相对百分含量。所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的100%, 其主要成份1-辛烯-3-醇(蘑菇醇) (49.50%)、(E)-3-己烯-1-醇(青叶醇) (13.39%)、芳樟醇(9.41%)、环己醇(3.37%)、3-辛醇(1.69%)、n-正戊酸-(Z)-3-己烯酯(1.42%)、1-己醇(1.38%)、糠醛(1.37%)和a-萜品烯醇(1.17%)等9种化合物占全油的81.53%。     

Genetic variation in the odorant receptor OR2J3 is associated with the ability to detect the "grassy" smelling odor, cis-3-hexen-1-ol

The ability to detect many odors varies among individuals; however, the contribution of genotype to this variation has been assessed for relatively few compounds. We have identified a genetic basis for the ability to detect the flavor compound cis-3-hexen-1-ol. This compound is typically described as "green grassy" or the smell of "cut grass," with variation in the ability to detect it linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a region on human chromosome 6 containing 25 odorant receptor genes. We have sequenced the coding regions of all 25 receptors across an ethnically mixed population of 52 individuals and identified 147 sequence variants. We tested these for association with cis-3-hexen-1-ol detection thresholds and found 3 strongly associated SNPs, including one found in a functional odorant receptor (rs28757581 in OR2J3). In vitro assays of 13 odorant receptors from the region identified 3 receptors that could respond to cis-3-hexen-1-ol, including OR2J3. This gene contained 5 predicted haplotypes across the 52 individuals. We tested all 5 haplotypes in vitro and several amino acid substitutions on their own, such as rs28757581 (T113A). Two amino acid substitutions, T113A and R226Q, impaired the ability of OR2J3 to respond to cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and together these two substitutions effectively abolished the response to the compound. The haplotype of OR2J3 containing both T113A and R226Q explains 26.4% of the variation in cis-3-hexen-1-ol detection in our study cohort. Further research is required to examine whether OR2J3 haplotypes explain variation in perceived flavor experience and the consumption of foods containing cis-3-hexen-1-ol.     

茶梢和茶花主要挥发物对门氏食蚜蝇和大草蛉引诱效应

用Y形嗅觉仪进行的生测表明茶二叉蚜和蚜害茶梢复合体挥发物显著引诱门氏食蚜蝇和大草蛉．剂量为10^-4g·ml^-1时,在味源和空气对照之间,食蚜蝇对源于复合体的香叶醇和水杨酸甲酯、源于完整茶梢的正辛醇、源于茶花的橙花醇有极显著趋性(P<0．01),对源于复合体的反-2-己烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯醛、罗勒烯和芳樟醇有显著趋性(P<0．05);大草蛉则显著趋向源于完整茶梢的正辛醇和己醛(P<0．05)．剂量为10^-2g·ml^-1时,食蚜蝇对己醛、橙花醇及源于复合体的苯甲醛有显著趋性,大草蛉显著趋向于苯甲醛、己醛、香叶醇和反-2-己烯-1-醇．结果表明,除了醛类和水杨酸甲酯外,香叶醇、正辛醇和反-2-己烯-1-醇等也有显著引诱效应。2种天敌对信息物的反应是有阈值的,两种剂量的己醛均显著引诱大草蛉,橙花醇是引导食蚜蝇朝茶花定向的信息物。     

Composition of the volatiles from intact and tea aphid-damaged tea shoots and their allurement to several natural enemies of the tea aphid

Abstract: The comparison between the composition of the volatiles from intact tea shoots (ITS) and that from tea aphid-damaged tea shoots (TADTS) was accomplished, and the difference of both volatiles in attraction to natural enemies of the tea aphid, Toxoptera aurantii , i.e the ladybug, Leis axyridis (Pallas), the aphid parasite, Aphidius sp., and the lacewing, Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmeal, was investigated in the current paper. Volatile components from ITS, obtained by air entrainment, were identified by their mass spectra and retention times and comfirmed by comparison with authentic samples. They are E-2-hexenal, ocimene, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, butanoic acid-3-hexenyl ester, linalool, 1-octanol, geraniol and indole. Volatiles from TADTS have been identified as E-2-hexenal, ocimene, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, geraniol, indole, benzaldehyde and E-2-hexenoic acid. Z-3-hexen-1-ol is the main component in the two kinds of volatiles, whilst benzaldehyde is the another main component in TADTS volatiles. The air entrainment extracts of TADTS and benzaldehyde elicit the stronger electroantennogram (EAG) responses, and the stronger upwind flight and arresting behaviour from each natural enemy in wind tunnel. EAG responses from Leis axyridis and Chrysopa septempunctata were bigger than those from Aphidius sp., whereas Leis axyridis responds to these odours slightly less than Aphidius sp. and Chrysopa septempunctata in wind tunnel bioassay. So TADTS emits volatile synomones, in which the amount of benzaldehyde is ample and its allurement is the strongest.     

红丝线挥发油的化学成分

广西宜州产红丝线(Peristrop he baphica)有浓烈香气。为明确其挥发油化学成分,采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析方法,对红丝线挥发油进行分析,共鉴定了其中的31个组分,占精油总量的99.42%。主要成分为香豆素(53.66%),二氢香豆酮(9.18%),1-辛烯-3-醇(10.00%),反-3-己烯-1-醇(5.85%),3-辛醇(3·86%),苯甲醇(1.69%),芳樟醇(1.22%),邻甲苯甲醛(5.37%),对乙烯基愈创木酚(3.96%)。     

Volatiles induced by the larvae of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) in maize plants affect behavior of conspecific larvae and female adults

Abstract  Effects of maize ( Zea mays L.) volatiles induced by larvae of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), on the orientation behaviors of Asian corn borer larvae and oviposition of the females were investigated. Nineteen volatile chemicals, with terpenes being the major components, were identified from maize plants attacked by third instar Asian corn borer larvae. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses revealed some electroantennographic differences between female and male Asian corn borer antennae in response to larvae-induced maize volatiles; female responded to ( E )-2-hexenal, nonanal, ( Z )-3-hexen-1-ol and three unknown compounds while the male only responded to ( E )-2-hexenal, nonanal and one unknown compound. In laboratory orientation bioassays, Asian corn borer neonate larvae were attracted to extracts collected from Asian corn borer-damaged plants as well as to synthetic farnesene, but were repelled by ( Z )-3-hexen-1-ol. In laboratory oviposition bioassays, gravid females laid fewer eggs on plants damaged by larvae than on mechanically damaged plants or undamaged plants. Adult Asian corn borer females deposited fewer eggs on wax paper treated with ( E )-2-hexenal or ( Z )-3-hexen-1-ol than on wax paper treated with hexane (control). The results suggest that Asian corn borer can affect the behaviors of conspecific larvae and adults by changing host plant volatiles.     

动态吸附与气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用分析密蒙花（醉鱼草科）的挥发性花香成分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对动态吸附法收集的密蒙花（Buddleja officinalis）花香成分进行了分析,并用气相色谱面积归-化法对各成分进行了定量。从密蒙花中分离出16个挥发性成分,定性定量出其中的11个,占挥发性成分总量的95．44％。其中丁基醋酸乙酯（81．57％）、苯甲醛（4．92％）、3-已烯-1-醇（3．26％）、欧洲丁香醛（2．34％）和芳樟醇（1．05％）为主要成分。该研究阐明了自然条件下密蒙花的花香成分及组成,其结果为今后定向创新醉鱼草属新香型观赏品种提供了科学依据。