裂冠牛奶菜的化学成分

从裂冠牛奶菜(Marsdenia incisa P. T. Li et Y. H. Li)的粗甙酸水解产物中分离得到2个已知的C_(21)甾体甙元——肉珊瑚甙元(sarcostin, Ⅰ),青羊参甙元(qingyangshengenin,Ⅱ),和一个新的C_(21)甾体甙元,命名为裂冠牛奶菜甙元A(incisagenin-A,Ⅱ)经光谱分析和化学反应,证明(Ⅲ)的结构为12-β-氧-顺芷酰去酰基萝藦甙元。     

白首乌的化学成分

白首乌(Cynanchum auriculatum Roylc ex Wight),又称耳叶牛皮消,飞来鹤等,系萝蘼科鹅绒藤属植物,是常用中药,具有养血益肝,固肾益精,乌须黑发和延年益寿等作用。据文献报道其含有较高的磷脂类成分和C_(21)甾体酯甙。对其临床药理研究表明白首乌总磷酯可以明显提高正常小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞的数量和促进淋巴细胞的转化,其C_(21)甾体酯甙对环磷酰胺引起的免疫受抑小鼠有一定的调整作用。但有关C_(21)甾体酯甙成分的化学结构未见报道,我们首次对白首乌进行了化学研究,从其粗甙的酸水解产物分离得到了四个C_(21)甾体酯基甙元,经光谱测定和化学反应确定其结构分别为加加明(gagamine 1),告达庭(caudatin 2),萝摩甙元(metaplexigenin 3),凯底甙元(kidjoranin 4)。有关其配糖体的研究工作将另文发表。     

榧属分类学研究

本文对榧属的研究历史作了回顾, 以形态性状为依据, 结合其他学科的研究成果, 对榧属的分类进行了研究, 该属共6种2变种和11个栽培变种, 其中有1新变种(九龙山榧)、1改级新组合(云南榧)和6个新栽培变种。支持根据种子胚乳深皱与微皱建立两个组和榧属为红豆杉科进化类群的观点。     

云南匙羹藤的化学成分

从云南匙羹藤(Gymnema yunnanense Tsiang)的粗甙酸水解产物中分离得到6个C_(21)甾体甙元。其中一个新甙元,命名为吉马甙元(gymnemarsgenin),经光谱数据和化学反应证明其结构为12-β-氧-苯甲酰-20-氧-肉桂珊瑚甙元。     

云南复叶耳蕨属的分类修订

研究了云南产复叶耳蕨属植物,提出了新的分类处理。云南共有本属植物２０种２变种,其中包括１新组,３个改级新组合,７个云南分布新记录,并清理出了５４个云南及其他省区种类的新异名。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属中甾体皂甙的分布

在文献资料和实验研究的基础上,本文总结了甾体皂甙在蜘蛛抱蛋属植物中的分布。发现单羟基的薯蓣皂甙元的配糖体一蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙(薯蓣皂甙元-3-O[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→2)]-[β-D-木吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡哺糖基(1→4)-β-D-半乳吡哺糖甙),广泛存在于所研究过的这些植物中,而且是大部植物根茎的主要皂甙。它是蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的特征化学成分,表明该属是一个自然类群,甾体皂甙对它是有分类学意义的。     

中国禾本科箣竹属研究资料

<正> 本文记载箣竹属新种1,改级新组合2,改隶新组合1,新改级3,新名1,新异名4。 1.花竹(福建) 绿篱竹(广东) Bambusa albo-lineata Chia,stat.et nom.nov.     

通光藤甙元甲的化学结构

通光藤[Marsdenia tenacissima(Roxb.)Wight et Arn.]为云南民间抗癌药用植物。从其藤茎提取的粗甙经水解、皂化后得到一个新的主要甙元,称通光藤甙元甲(tenacigenin A)。通光藤甙元甲分子式 C_(21)H_(32)O_5,熔点255—260℃,属 C_(21)-甾体化合物,能用常法制得二乙酰化合物(Ⅲ),三乙酰化物(Ⅳ)需在剧烈条件下才能得到。三个羟基中有两个可被氧化成六元环酮(Ⅵ)。另两个氧原子则以环氧的形式存在。通光藤甙元甲用醋酐和对甲苯磺酸于100℃加热30小时后得到3β、12β、14β-三乙酰-5α-甾烷-7(8)、9(11)-二烯-20-酮(Ⅸ),后者用铂黑在醋酸中氢化得(Ⅹ)。据上述化学反应和红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振谱及质谱数据,作者提出通光藤甙元甲的结构为(Ⅰ)。     

中国薯蓣属植物中的甾体皂苷及甾体皂苷元

中国薯蓣属(Dioscorea L.)植物含有约21种甾体皂苷元,其中大部分种类含有3β-羟基皂苷元,少数种类含有3α-羟基皂苷元。从薯蓣属13种植物中共分离出59个甾体皂苷成分,按化学结构可将这些甾体皂苷分为4种类型。约有17种薯蓣属植物含有甾体皂苷元(主要为薯蓣皂苷元),均为根茎组(Sect.Stenophora)种类。在查阅大量资料的基础上,对各种类所含的甾体皂苷元和甾体皂苷成分及各成分的化学结构进行了归纳和综述。     

杏属和樱属植物新组合

报道了蔷薇科李亚科两个种的改隶新组合,将广义李属中的背毛樱Prunus hypotrichodes改隶为杏属中的背毛杏Armeniaca hypotrichides;疏花稠李Prunus laxiflora改隶为疏花樱Cerasus laxifiora。进一步研究的结果,同意前苏联学者G．V．Eremin et V．S．Simagin的意见,将稠李属中的种斑叶稠李Padus maackii改隶为樱属中的斑叶樱Cerasus maackii。     

The Chemotaxonomy of Cynanchum and Its Allied Genera

This paper is a continuation of “Chemotaxonomy of Cynanchum and Its Allied Genera with Notes on the Generic Characteristics of Vincetoxicum”, published in Acta Botanica Yunnanica (11: 41-50, 1989). There are other three sections of Cynanchum in “Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae” (Vol. 63), which were considered as separate genera by some authors. These sections are Cynanchum Sect. Rhodostegiella, Sect. Seutera and Sect. Cyathella, also of a single corona. They were not given generic rank as chemical data of Sect. Rhodostegiella were inavailable. It is for this reason that we have studied the chemical constituents of this section. A very marvellous result was obtained. No C₂₁ steroidal compounds but flavonols were identified from the section Rhodostegiella. Some flavones were isolated from Hoya bella of Asclepiadaceae (Bass et al., 1979), but no report has been given from Cynanchum and the tribe Asclepiadeae up to now. The family Asclepiadaceae mainly contains C21 steroids, but some genera contain cardenolides or terpenoids, and only a few genera, such as Cryptolepis and Tylophora, have alkaloids. The genus Cynanchum sensu Tsiang et P. T. Li, like most members of Asclepiadaceae, has C₂₁ steroids except the section Rhodostegiella. Flavonols, therefore, may be the characteristic of the section. Considering the corona characteristics and geographical distribution, we suggest that the section Rhodostegiella be given generic rank. Because of the separation of Vincetoxicum Wolf and Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C. Y. Wu et D. Z. Li from Cynanchum sensu Tsiang et P.T. Li, the rank of the sections Seutera and Cyathella should be reconsidered. Obviously, the problem of evolution of the sections of Cynanchum sensu Tsiang et P. T. Li is complicated. The corona, chemical constituents, habit, root-type are not congruent with one another in evolution. The authors support the establishment of the genera Seutera and Cyathella by Reichenbach (1828) and Decne (1838) respectively. Taxonomic treatments, including a new status, Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C.Y. Wu et D. Z. Li, and 12 new combinations, are given.Key words Cynanchum Linn.; Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C. Y. Wu et D. Z. Li; Seutera Reichb.; Cyathella Decne.; Flavonols; Chemotaxonomy; New combination     

Steroidal glycosides from Cynanchum forrestii Schlechter

Nine new steroidal glycosides, cynaforrosides B, C, D, E, and F, based on a 13, 14: 14, 15-disecopregnane-type skeleton, cynaforrosides G, H, and I with a new aglycone named cynaforrogenin A, and cynaforroside J together with three known C21 steroidal glycosides cynatratoside A, hancoside and komaroside C were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Cynanchum forrestii Schlechter. The structures of new compounds were determined on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Steroidal glycosides with three kinds of skeletons were isolated from this plant simultaneously. The sugar units of cynaforrosides B-I contained two moieties of glucoses and especially cynaforrosides E-I contained two glucoses with the mode of 1-->6 linkage, which were rare among steroidal glycosides of the genus Cynanchum.     

Five new C21 steroidal glycosides from Cynanchum komarovii Al.Iljinski

Five new C21 steroidal glycosides, namely, komarosides D (1), E (2), F (3), G (4), and H (5), along with two known C21 steroidal glycosides cynatratoside E (6) and hancoside A (7), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Cynanchum komarovii Al.Iljinski (Asclepiadaceae). Their structures were determined by physiochemical and spectroscopic analysis. Among these glycosides, five had an aberrant 13,14:14,15-disecopregnane-type skeleton, and the other two had normal four-ring C21 steroid skeletons. The existence of more than one type of C21 steroid skeleton in one species is rare in the plants of the family Asclepiadaceae, and this has chemotaxonomic significance for this species.     

Steroid glycosides and phenols from the roots of Cynanchum saccatum

A series of steroidal glycosides, including three new compounds, named saccatols A–C (1–3), and two known analogues (4–5), and eight phenols (6–13) were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum saccatum W.T. Wang ex Tsiang et P. T. Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of their spectral data, mainly HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and comparison with the literature data.     

New steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria puqiensis

Six new steroidal alkaloids, namely puqienines C-E (1-3), puqiedine (4), 3alpha-puqiedin-7-ol (5), and puqietinedione (6), along with two known steroidal alkaloids puqiedinone (7) and peimisine (8), were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria puqiensis G.D. Yu et G.Y. Chen (Liliaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Among these alkaloids, 1-3 had a veratramine-type skeleton, 4, 5, 7 a cevanine-type skeleton, 6 a secosolanidine-type skeleton, and 8 a jervine-type skeleton. The existence of multiple types of steroidal skeletons, especially of relatively large amount of veratramine-type alkaloids in one species is rare in the genus Fritillaria, and the results might be of chemotaxonomic significance for this species.     

Steroidal saponins from the aerial parts of Tribulus pentandrus Forssk

Seven new steroidal glycosides named pentandrosides A(1)-G(7) were isolated from the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Tribulus pentandrus. Pentandrosides A(1)-E(5) possess cholestane aglycones, pentandroside F(6) a furostan-type aglycone and pentandroside G(7) an unusual acyloxypregnane aglycone probably derived from the degradation of a furostan skeleton. Structure elucidation of 1-7 was accomplished through the extensive use of 1D- and 2D NMR experiments including 1H-1H (DQF-COSY, 1D-TOCSY) and 1H-13C (HSQC, HMBC) spectroscopy along with ESIMS and HRESIMS.     

中国和泰国狗牙花属植物订正

<正> 狗牙花属本来的原始学名是1737年美洲加勒比岛(Caribbean Isl.)一个修道士勃隆米尔(Charles Plumier),将一种生在山上的植物作为属名Tabernaemontana来命名的,后来被林柰氏1753年编写的植物种志所列入。该属自创立以来,迄今已达二百六十年历史了,在     

Seven new steroidal glycosides from the roots of Cynanchum forrestii

Seven new steroidal glycosides, cynaforrosides K (1), L (2), M (3), N (4), and Q (7), based on a 13,14:14,15-disecopregnane-type aglycone, and cynaforrosides O (5) and P (6) with a 14,15-secopregnane-type aglycone, were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the roots of Cynanchum forrestii Schlechter. The structures of new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. The sugar units of cynaforrosides K-P contained two moieties of glucoses with the mode of 1-->4 linkage and those of cynaforrosides K-O contained six moieties of sugars.     

Steroidal glycosides from the roots of Cynanchum amplexicaule Sieb. et Zucc

Seven new steroidal glycosides (amplexicosides A (4), B (7), C (8), D (9), E (10), F (11), and G (12)), along with six known compounds (cynatratoside A (1), tylophoside A (2), cynatratoside B (3), glaucogenin A (5), glaucoside A (6), and hancoside A (13)) were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the roots of Cynanchum amplexicaule (Sieb. et Zucc.). Their structures were determined based on spectral and chemical evidence. Compound 12 has a 14, 15-secopregnane-type skeleton aglycone, which has not been reported in literature.     

基于分子证据确认秦岭藤属与驼峰藤属(夹竹桃科)的系统位置

秦岭藤属(Biondia Schltr.)是中国特有属,约13种,驼峰藤属(Merrillanthus Chun&Tsiang)是仅在我国与柬埔寨分布的单种属,目前两个属均被归并到白前属(Vincetoxicum Wolf),由于取样和系统发育分析尚存一些欠缺,因此其系统位置和归属尚需进一步确认。该文使用2个核糖体基因序列片段(ITS、ETS)、5个叶绿体基因序列片段(psbA-trnH、trnG、trnL、trnL-F、trnT-L),以及二者的合并数据,重建娃儿藤亚族(Tylophorinae)(包含属的模式秦岭藤[B.chinensis Schltr.=V.shaanxiense(Schltr.) Meve&Liede]与驼峰藤[M.hainanensis Chun&Tsiang=V.hainanense(Chun&Tsiang) Meve, H. H. Kong&Liede])的系统发育树。结果表明：秦岭藤属与驼峰藤属均包含在白前属中,秦岭藤与青龙藤[B.henryi(Warb.) Tsiang&Li=V.henryi(Warb....