芒果属植物过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,测定了芒果属１７个种群近缘植物过氧化物酶同工酶,并根据酶谱分布及酶谱特征,结合不同的表现形式,分析了属内种间的亲缘关系。结果表明,异（同）地种间、不同器官酶谱数目、酶含量、迁移率（Ｒｆ）、酶活性及分布特征均有不同程度的差异,可以作为芒果属种间亲缘关系的生化遗传指标。     

单胚与多胚型芒果果实发育及后熟过程中品质特征的变化研究

以芒果单胚型品种‘金煌’、‘贵妃’和多胚型品种‘红玉’、‘白象牙’为试材,选择4个品种栽培管理条件基本一致的同龄芒果园,每品种选取生长势一致植株各18株,自盛花后每品种每周各选取30个果测定其营养成分,比较单胚与多胚类型芒果发育及后熟过程中主要品质特征的变化规律,为提高芒果果实品质及芒果新品种培育提供理论依据。结果显示:（1）单胚品种芒果从果实发育初期到后熟期的可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量均显著高于多胚品种。（2）不同胚性芒果果实发育过程中可滴定酸含量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且各品种成熟前的最高值和后熟期的最终值均为多胚品种高于单胚品种（‘红玉’>‘白象牙’>‘贵妃’>‘金煌’）。（3）不同胚性芒果果实发育过程中固酸比的变化趋势均为前期平缓,进入后熟期后各品种的固酸比均迅速上升达到最高,其峰值表现为‘金煌’(83.8%)>‘白象牙’(50.04%)>‘贵妃’(49.41 %)>‘红玉’(29.52%)。（4）芒果果实的类胡萝卜素含量在后熟期的峰值和最终值单胚品种均显著高于多胚品种,且单胚品种的果肉黄色较多胚品种明显。研究表明,单胚品种芒果的果实品质优于多胚品种。     

多胚水稻品系APⅣ的多卵遗传行为分析

通过多胚水稻品系APⅣ与单胚水稻品种IR36、明恢77和龙特浦B正反杂交, 研究APⅣ的多卵遗传行为,表明APⅣ的多卵性状可能不是由孢子体基因型决定的,而是由雄配子体基因型决定,属配子体遗传的范畴。 Abstract:The inheritance of poly-eggs was investigated by crossing and reciprocally crossing APIV with monoembryonic rice variety IR36,Minghui No.77 and Longtepu B,respectively.It was suggested that the production of poly-eggs is probably controlled by gametophytic genotypes,rather than sporophytic ones.     

芒果品种的花粉形态

用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对芒果（ＭａｎｇｉｆｅｒａｉｎｄｉｃａＬ．）１０个栽培品种的花粉形状、大小、外壁纹饰作了比较研究,结果表明：不同品种花粉粒形状、外壁纹饰等性状存在不同程度的差异,可作为区分某些品种的参考。三年芒、元江象牙、虎豹牙、红象牙、马切苏、椰香芒、大青皮、黄皮大头芒花粉外壁纹饰较为相似,可能反映出较为紧密的亲缘关系。三克里芒纹饰与以上８个品种区别较大,红光６号脊宽等性状介于二者之间     

橘小实蝇对五个芒果品种的产卵偏好及清理落果防治效果研究

在2011年6—8月调查了橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)对云南省元江县5个主要芒果品种的产卵为害情况,评估了清理落果对橘小实蝇的防治效果。结果表明树上果实和成熟落果受害率最高、产卵孔数量最多的品种是三年芒和红象牙芒;单位面积落果量(X)和监测雄虫数量(Y)显著相关(r1=0.884**,显著性P1=0.000),其回归方程为Y=-1.675+449.701X-204.933X2+27.046X3(R2=0.966,显著性水平P=0.000);累加虫量(X)与树上果实被害率(Y)的回归方程为Y=0.003X0.721(R2=0.953,P=0.000)。采拾落果可降低树上果实受害率约20%,减少田间虫口数44%左右。因此,清理落果对控制橘小实蝇田间种群数量、减少树上果实被害率有显著作用。     

染色体倍性的几个重要概念及表示方法

为清楚理解和掌握染色体数目变异的内容,必须弄清有关染色体数目变异的一些重要概念,如染色体组、单倍体与一倍体、Zn、n、x符号的含意等。现将一些概念的确切含意叙述如一F。染色体倍性是指细胞中含的染色体组数,又分整倍性和非整信性,整倍性是指细胞中所含有的染色体组都是完整的染色体组,如单倍体、二倍体、三倍体等。非整倍性是指细胞中所含的染色体组处于不完整状态,一般指二倍体种成对染色体的成员增加了或减少了。在二倍体细胞或个体中,能维持配子正常功能,包括一定数目、形态结构和一定基因组成的一套染色体称为染色体组或…     

香蕉试管苗变异因素的初步研究

本文初步研究了香蕉离体培养中,培养基内不同激素浓度、继代培养数,以及３个品种（品系）对试管苗变异的影响。结果表明：６３１和台湾８号比威廉斯（Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓ）稳定,培养条件相同,培养代数多时,变异率明显提高。外源激素的配比试验表明：ＩＢＡ∶ＢＡ为０．５∶４．０（ｍｇ／Ｌ）为最佳配方,当ＩＢＡ∶ＢＡ达到２．０∶１０（ｍｇ／Ｌ）时,异常苗发生率最高。用田间变异株根尖细胞染色体观察结果,发现其染色体数不是增多就是严重缺失。变异株的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱经电泳分析,表明在迁移率为０．７处的一条带纹消失,而正常对照苗则稳定存在。     

多胚水稻品系APⅣ胚囊的结构及其遗传多态性研究

通过 GMA半薄切片技术对多胚水稻 (Oryza sativa L.)品系 AP 和单胚水稻品种“IR36”的比较研究表明 :AP 中除了 7.8%的胚囊退化外 ,只有 2 7.1%的胚囊结构与“IR36”的相似 ,属蓼型结构 ;65.1%的与“IR36”不同 ,出现各种变异。其中主要的变异有两类 ,即多卵卵器胚囊 (53.3% )和双套结构胚囊 (6.3% )。多卵卵器胚囊中以三卵卵器胚囊为主。三卵卵器胚囊依胚囊的整体结构可分出 5- 2 - 1型、6- 2 - 0型和 5- 3- 0型等 3种类型的胚囊。双套结构胚囊主要特点是含有大小两个相套的胚囊和远离珠孔端的卵细胞。此外还观察到其它一些变异型胚囊。根据分析 ,发现 AP 胚囊结构类型在单穗内存在遗传多态性。     

多胚苗水稻APIV不同颖花的多卵和多胚苗频率研究

APIV的多卵和多胚苗频率与其颖花和种子的发育季节以及颖花的着生部位有一定关系。在夏季条件下抽穗开花,其多卵频率和多胚苗频率均比较低,而在秋季条件下抽穗开花则比较高。在同一稻穗中的多卵和多胚苗频率,强势颖花要明显地高于弱势颖花。在同—季节抽穗开花的主穗和分蘖穗之间,其颖花内的多卵频率不存在明显差异,多胚苗频率的差异也不明显。     

多胚苗水稻APIV不同颖花的多卵和多胚苗频率研究

ＡＰＩＶ的多卵和多胚苗频率与其颖花和种子的发育季节以及颖花的着生部位有一定关系。在夏季条件下抽穗开花,其多卵频率和多胚苗频率均比较低,而在秋季条件下抽穗开花则比较高。在同一稻穗中的多卵和多胚苗频率,强势颖花要明显地高于弱势颖花。在同一季节抽穗开花的主穗和分蘖穗之间,其颖花内的多卵频率不存在明显差异,多胚苗频率的差异也不明显。     

Death and decay in the trees of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Death and decay of trees of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) var. Kesar due to fungal infection was studied histologically. Fungal infection in the trees was observed due to various reasons like mechanical injuries in the stem, pruning of the branches, through the inflorescences, attack of Ambrosia beetle and termites. In the initial stage, fungal spores get settled on the flowers due to presence of nectar, followed by their germination and entry of the hypha into peduncle, which gradually spreads into younger branches. The inflorescences were first attacked by Fusarium moniliformis followed by other fungi like Alternaria, Chetomium sp., Aspregillus ellipticus, Aspregillus niger, etc. Fungal mycelia gradually invade the xylem tissues from the top of the branches and spread basipetally ultimately causing death of the infected branches. During monsoon, the crevices on the surface of bark of the healthy plants supported the growth of fungi like Pleurotus, Auricularia, Xyleria, Daldinia sp., and Polyporous sp. The removal of bark from such infected trees revealed minute holes on the surface of the woody cylinder made by Ambrosia beetles. During wet season fungal mycelia makes an easy entry into the xylem through the wounded portion of the stem or pruned branches. Initial entry of the hyphae into xylem was seen through the ray cells. Then the hyphae enter into the lumen of axial elements lining the ray cells through pits and intracellular spaces. The vessel elements located in the xylem (transition zone) between healthy and infected portion were filled with tyloses while axial and ray parenchyma showed heavy accumulation of tannin contents. On the other hand, the infected xylem was also found devoid of reserve metabolites while in normal trees, axial and ray parenchyma showed heavy accumulation of starch grains.     

桂热杧系列品种(系)的亲缘关系分析

从100条ISSR引物中选取12条多态性好的引物,对广西亚热带作物所选育的16个杧果（Mangifera indica L．）品种（系）及其可能亲本共22个样品的亲缘关系进行了分析。结果表明：这12条引物共扩增出127条DNA谱带,其中多态性条带为85条,条带多态百分率为66．93％。聚类分析显示,所有供试品种（系）之间的亲缘关系都比较近,相似系数在0．81以上;如果以相似系数0．82为标准,可将供试的22个品种（系）分为3大类。利用ISSR技术能较好地区分桂热杧系列品种（系）的亲缘关系。     

Production and Characterization of Wine from Mango Fruit (Mangifera indica L)

Summary Mango (Mangifera indica L) is the most popular and the choicest fruit of India. A major portion (nearly 60–70%) of the total quantity produced is locally consumed and a sizable portion is exported to other countries. In the present study, six varieties of mango, which are abundantly available in the region were selected for wine production and the conditions for juice extraction were optimized. It was found that the mango juices were similar to grape juice in terms of sugar and acidity. After fermentation, the ethanol concentration was 7–8.5% w/v, the methanol concentration was slightly higher than that of grape wines and other volatile compounds were present in comparable amounts. From the physicochemical characteristics of the mango wine produced, it was observed that aromatic components were comparable in concentration to those of grape wine.     

芒果DNA提取方法比较及ISSR反应体系的优化

为从芒果幼叶中提取高质量的核总DNA,比较了5种DNA提取方法提取芒果叶片核DNA的效果,结果表明:改良CTAB法1提取的DNA A260/A280值最好,ISSR-PCR扩增效果最佳,是有效提取芒果基因组DNA的方法。为得到最佳的芒果ISSR-PCR反应体系,以(ATG)6为引物,采用单因素实验法,优化了ISSR-PCR反应体系:在总体积25μl的反应体系中,含1×反应缓冲液,0.20mmol.L-1dNTPs,0.20μmol.L-1引物,0.60 UTaqDNA聚合酶,30-50 ng DNA模板,不足体积用无菌超纯水补足。     

杧果花瓣与花药色彩的数字化描述

对40个杧果品种(系)的花瓣和花药颜色进行数字化描述,即采用Photoshop CS3软件对试材图像进行处理,分别提取花瓣和花药颜色典型色域的CMYK模式参数,通过C、M、Y、K的百分比值确定其颜色。结果表明,用C、M、Y、K的百分比值能较准确科学地表现杧果花瓣和花药的色彩,可以反映品种(系)间差异。通过UPGMA聚类分析,将花瓣和花药颜色分别分成7个类群和4个类群。本研究为种质色彩描述与新品种选育指标提供新的数字化方法。     

芒果NBS类抗病基因同源序列克隆与分析

根据已知物种NBS抗病类基因（RGAs）保守序列设计引物,从芒果品种“金煌”基因组DNA中分离得到了10条同源序列（pp-1~10,GenBnak登录号为HM446507~16）。DNA序列分析表明,这些RGAs在200~300bp区间存在较大变异,Pi值都在0.4以上。同源性分析表明这些序列的同源性差异范围从11.0%~98.4%,离散值范围为1.6~100.7, 10条RGAs可以分为两大类。蛋白序列分析表明,pp-1~10都具有开放读码框,编码的蛋白含有典型的NBS抗病类基因所拥有的P-loop和Kinase-2a结构域,通过同源进化分析可将其分为TIR-NBS-LRR和CC-NBS-LRR两类,与已知物种同源性分别为22%~60%。     

Molecular identification of Mango, Mangifera indica L.var. totupura

Mango (>Mangifera indica) belonging to Anacardiaceae family is a fruit that grows in tropical regions. It is considered as the King of fruits. The present work was taken up to identify a tool in identifying the mango species at the molecular level. The chloroplast trnL-F region was amplified from extracted total genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequence of the dominant DGGE band revealed that Mangifera indica in tested leaves was Mangifera indica (100% similarity to the ITS sequences of Mangifera indica). This sequence was deposited in NCBI with the accession no. GQ927757. ABBREVIATIONS: AFLP - Amplified fragment length polymorphism , cpDNA - Chloroplast DNA, DDGE - Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DNA - Deoxyribo nucleic acid, EDTA - Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, HCl - Hydrochloric acid, ISSR - Inter simple sequence repeats, ITS - Internal transcribed spacer, MATAB - Methyl Ammonium Bromide, Na(2)SO(3) - Sodium sulphite, NaCl - Sodium chloride, NCBI - National Centre for Biotechnology Information, PCR - Polymerase chain reaction, PEG - Polyethylene glycol, RAPD - Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, trnL-F - Transfer RNA genes start codon- termination codon.     

杧果蔗糖合成酶MiSS基因的克隆与表达分析

为克隆杧果(Mangifera indica L.)蔗糖合成酶基因序列,预测其编码蛋白特性,阐明其在果实发育过程中的表达规律和作用.本研究采用同源克隆法和RACE技术克隆了1个编码蔗糖合成酶基因的全长cDNA,命名为MiSS,其cDNA全长2110 bp,开放阅读框为1455 bp,编码484个氨基酸,相对分子量为55.3 kD,理论等电点为6.08.系统进化分析显示,MiSS基因编码的氨基酸序列与温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu)、荔枝(Litchi chinensis)、龙眼(Dimocarpus longan)氨基酸序列一致性为90％～93％.RT-qPCR分析显示,MiSS基因表达量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且果实发育各时期果皮内MiSS基因表达量均显著高于果肉,综合分析MiSS基因可能与淀粉的合成密切相关.本研究为进一步了解MiSS基因在杧果蔗糖代谢过程中的作用以及从分子角度阐明植物生长调节剂对杧果蔗糖代谢的影响机理奠定了理论和技术基础.