不同品种燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的耐盐性

利用NaCl和Na2SO4复盐溶液胁迫处理36个燕麦品种,采用培养皿纸上发芽法,进行种子萌发和幼苗的耐盐能力鉴定,通过分析盐胁迫对不同燕麦种子萌发及幼苗的影响,为燕麦品种耐盐性筛选、盐碱地燕麦栽培和耐盐育种提供理论参考.结果表明:盐分抑制种子的萌发和幼苗生长,低盐浓度(0.4%)适宜各类燕麦生长,对较耐盐的品种有促进萌发、生长的作用,盐浓度1.2%是鉴定燕麦耐盐性的适宜盐浓度;36个品种耐盐性差异较大,可划分为耐盐型、中度耐盐型、不耐盐型3类;燕麦不同品种及不同类型种子萌发的盐浓度范围达极显著差异,各耐盐指标对于燕麦耐盐性的体现存在一定的差异,发芽率、发芽指数、简易活力指数和单株干质量是主要的耐盐指标.     

海滨锦葵萌发期和苗期盐胁迫反应及耐盐性鉴定指标筛选

选用海滨锦葵自然群体为研究材料,以Na Cl溶液为盐胁迫,研究海滨锦葵在不同浓度盐胁迫下萌发期和幼苗期生长状况的变化,并筛选萌发期和幼苗期耐盐鉴定指标。结果表明,Na Cl胁迫下海滨锦葵种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、下胚轴长、胚根长、鲜重、活力指数及幼苗株高均降低,并且各指标的盐害系数随着盐胁迫浓度的升高而升高。较低Na Cl浓度(0.5%~1.5%)胁迫下的幼苗地上干重和地上鲜重高于未用Na Cl胁迫的幼苗,2.0%和2.5%浓度的Na Cl胁迫抑制了地上干重和地上鲜重。1.0%和2.0%的Na Cl浓度分别是萌发期和幼苗期鉴定海滨锦葵耐盐性的适宜浓度,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、下胚轴长、根长、鲜重以及活力指数可以作为萌发期耐盐性的鉴定指标,株高、地上鲜重和地上干重可以作为幼苗期耐盐性的鉴定指标。     

NaCl胁迫对藜麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

为探讨盐胁迫下两类不同地区藜麦品种幼苗的耐盐机制,该文利用不同浓度的NaCl溶液,对来自青海省海东市乐都区的'LD-13'(低盐地区)和来自青海省海西州乌兰县的'WL-192'(高盐地区)的2个藜麦品种的种子和幼苗进行盐胁迫处理,研究了种子萌发指标(发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数),生长指标(鲜重、根长、茎长)及生理指标(M...     

水飞蓟萌发期和苗期对盐胁迫的生长生理响应

为了探讨水飞蓟萌发期和苗期对盐胁迫的响应,比较不同水飞蓟类型耐盐性的强弱,以黑色果皮（SD）和白色果皮（HW）2个类型水飞蓟为材料,用不同浓度NaCl（0、0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、0.7%、0.9%）溶液处理种子和幼苗,观察种子发芽势、发芽率和芽苗和幼苗生长及其生理生化特征。结果表明:（1）NaCl胁迫下,水飞蓟种子发芽率、发芽势下降,芽苗生长表现为低浓度促进高浓度（HW为≥0.5%,SD为≥0.3%）抑制,且盐分对子叶长、胚轴长和鲜重影响较大,对干重无显著影响。（2）盐胁迫下水飞蓟幼苗叶片中MDA含量升高,光合色素（Chl a、Chl b、Car）含量下降,幼苗生长表现为低浓度促进高浓度（HW为≥0.9%,SD为≥0.7%）抑制;植株体内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量及保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性先升高后降低,脯氨酸含量则持续增加,其中保护酶活性在0.7% NaCl处理下较对照显著下降,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量在0.9% NaCl处理下较对照显著下降。研究发现,在水飞蓟种子萌发期,盐分主要通过改变种子吸涨能力来影响芽苗生长;在苗期,水飞蓟幼苗主要通过提高渗透物质含量和保护酶活性来缓解盐分造成的伤害;水飞蓟萌发期和苗期耐盐性有所差别,萌发期耐盐能力明显低于苗期,2个类型水飞蓟耐盐性强弱表现为白色果皮类型＞黑色果皮类型。     

壳聚糖包衣对油菜种子萌发及幼苗耐盐性影响

以不同浓度的壳聚糖对油菜种子进行包衣处理,考察其对油菜种子萌发及幼苗耐盐性的影响,并在不同盐浓度胁迫条件下对种子萌发时的发芽势、发芽率、生物量（鲜重、干重、根长、芽长）等指标进行测定,同时分析油菜幼苗叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明,一定浓度的壳聚糖包衣处理可提高油菜种子发芽率、发芽势、生物量、幼苗的耐盐指数、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖的含量,其中浓度为0.25 g·L^-1壳聚糖包衣处理对油菜种子萌发的促进效果较好,而浓度为0.50 g·L^-1壳聚糖包衣处理对提高油菜幼苗耐盐性具有较好的促进作用。     

番茄品种资源芽苗期和幼苗期的耐盐性及耐盐指标评价

对芽苗期和幼苗期番茄耐盐鉴定指标进行检验,明确番茄芽苗期和幼苗期耐盐性的相关性,筛选耐盐的番茄品种资源,以便为耐盐育种和栽培提供材料和方法.试验采用不同浓度的NaCl水溶液人工模拟盐胁迫,以多项指标盐害系数隶属函数值和总隶属函数值为依据,比较了20个番茄品种资源芽苗期和幼苗期的耐盐性及两个时期耐盐性的相关性,并利用单一指标盐害系数隶属函数值和总隶属函数值进行了聚类分类.结果表明:芽苗期和幼苗期番茄耐盐性有所不同,耐盐和中等耐盐材料相同率为53.85%.进行番茄耐盐性筛选时可以把发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、萌发活力指数、下胚轴长、地上鲜重作为芽苗期耐盐鉴定指标,把地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重、根干重、壮苗指数、根/冠比作为幼苗期耐盐鉴定指标.     

GA诱导NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗耐盐性效应

研究外源GA对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果显示:(1)0和75mmol·L-1NaCl处理可促进种子萌发,浓度为100mmol·L-1及以上时,随着浓度的增加,种子萌发受抑程度越严重;(2)150mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,添加外源GA可显著提高黄瓜种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和a-淀粉酶活性;促进种子萌发,以100和150mg·L-1GA处理效果较好;(3)外源GA显著提高幼苗生物量,提高SOD和POD活性,降低MDA含量,以100mg·L-1GA处理效果较好.研究表明一定范围的外源GA可缓解盐害对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用,诱导其耐盐性的提高.     

盐分和水分胁迫对两种盐生植物盐爪爪和盐穗木种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度NaCl和等渗PEG(分子量为6000)处理2种盐生植物种子(盐爪爪Kalidiumfoliatum、盐穗木Halostachys caspica)。结果表明,(1)NaCl和等渗PEG对种子的萌发均产生抑制作用,且PEG的抑制程度大于等渗NaCl,说明渗透胁迫是影响盐生植物种子萌发的主要因素;(2)盐胁迫和水分胁迫对盐生植物种子的萌发具有明显的抑制作用,降低了种子的萌发率,推迟了种子的初始萌发时间、延长了种子的萌发时间;(3)根据2种盐生植物种子萌发耐盐性比较,两种盐生植物均具有较强的耐盐性,在0~300 mmol.L-1NaCl盐溶液范围内,盐穗木种子相对萌发率达到95%以上,盐爪爪达到80%以上,说明盐穗木比盐爪爪具有更强的耐盐性。盐穗木种子耐盐适宜值为332.5 mmol.L-1,临界值为540 mmo.lL-1,极限值为749 mmo.lL-1;盐爪爪种子耐盐适宜值为246.5 mmol.L-1,临界值为391.8 mmo.lL-1,极限值为537 mmol.L-1;(4)低浓度的NaCl溶液对种子萌发的幼苗生长起着促进作用。在100 mmo.lL-1NaCl处理时,两种盐生植物幼苗的胚...     

NaCl胁迫下海滨锦葵种子萌发和幼苗生长过程的生理特性变化

以1／4 Hoagland溶液为基础培养液,研究了0．5％、1．0%、1．5％、2．0％和2．5％NaCl处理对海滨锦葵[Kostelezkya rirginica（L．）Presl．]种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,发现随着培养液中NaCl浓度的增加,海滨锦葵种子萌发率逐渐降低;当NaCl浓度达2．5％时种子不萌发,但NaCl胁迫解除后,种子的萌发率水平与对照相当。幼苗在含0．5％～1．0%NaCl的培养液中生长状况良好,叶绿素含量和根系活力明显增高;但当NaCl浓度达1．5％-2．0％时,叶绿素含量和根系活力逐渐下降;与对照相比,NaCl胁迫下幼苗的MDA水平降低。结果表明,NaCl胁迫对海滨锦葵种子萌发和幼苗牛长有一定的影响,但海滨锦葵可通过种子休眠、增加根系活力、降低体内MDA水平来缓解一定的盐害效应．以适应盐胁迫的生长环境．     

棉花萌发期和苗期耐盐性评价及耐盐指标筛选

于2010年在江苏南京农业大学人工气候室内进行砂培试验,采用不同浓度的NaCl水溶液模拟盐胁迫,以多项指标盐害系数隶属函数值和总隶属函数值为依据,比较了13个棉花品种萌发期和苗期的耐盐性,并进行聚类分析.结果表明:150mmol·L-1NaCl是进行棉花耐盐性鉴定的适宜盐浓度.棉花的耐盐性在生育期和品种间表现不同:中棉所44和中棉所177是在萌发期和苗期均表现稳定的耐盐品种,表现稳定但不耐盐品种有中棉所102、苏棉12号和泗棉3号,表现稳定且中等耐盐品种有中棉所103、德夏棉1号和美棉33B;发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和鲜质量的盐害系数可以作为棉花萌发期耐盐鉴定指标,株高、叶片伸展速率、地上部干质量、根系干质量、根系活力和净光合速率的盐害系数可以作为棉花苗期耐盐鉴定指标.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.