Boletus roseoflavus,a new species of Boletus in section Appendiculati from China

Boletus roseoflavus is described as a new species based on morphological and molecular studies of the type collection and additional materials. Boletus roseoflavus is morphologically distinct from other related species (B. regius, B. appendiculatus, and B. speciosus) by its light pink, pink, or rosy pileus, lemon yellow or golden yellow context, and lemon yellow or light yellow, enlarged download stipe with yellow reticulation. Phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions and nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA indicate that B. roseoflavus belongs to Boletus section Appendiculati.     

Boletus mendax,a new species of Boletus sect. Luridi from Italy and insights on the B. luridus complex

The new species Boletus mendax of sect. Luridi is reported and discussed; its morphological, anatomical and edaphic characters are described and a molecular investigation is carried out in order to elucidate the separation from neighboring taxa. The present research also demonstrates the high degree of segregation of two collections of the recently described Boletus comptus and the low taxonomic value of the usual reddish pigmentation of the subhymenophoral layer (the so called Bataille’s line) for both taxa B. mendax and B. luridus. Colour pictures taken in habitat of the taxa presented herein are also provided. Finally, according to an ITS analysis, sect. Luridi is shown to be polyphyletic and the importance of morphological features as stipe ornamentation, context colour beneath tubes and amyloid reaction in stipe base is discussed.     

Two new species of Palmae from Colombia

Chamaedorea macroloba Galeano andPrestoea simplicifolia Galeano, known only from Colombia, are described and illustrated.     

A new species of Scuticaria (Maxillariinae) from Colombia

A new species of Scuticaria from the Colombian Amazon region, S. guainiana, is described and illustrated. The new species resembles S. steelei from which it differs in flower size and structure of the lip callus. The taxonomic affinities of the new species are briefly discussed.     

A new species of Scaphyglottis (Orchidaceae,Epidendroideae) from Colombia

A new species of Scaphyglottis from Colombia is described, illustrated and placed within the key for the determination of national Scaphyglottis species. Its taxonomic affinity is briefly discussed and the information about its distribution and ecology are provided.     

A new species of Amanita section Lepidella from South China

Amanita macrocarpa from Guangdong Province of China is described. The new species is a large, brownish orange to light brown mushroom, characterized by numerous pyramidal warts on the pileus, yellowish lamellae, a large annulus at the middle of the stipe, and amyloid ellipsoidal basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses of the new species and related taxa based on the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences are provided. Morphological and molecular data show that A. macrocarpa is a member of Amanita, section Lepidella, and clearly different from any known taxon of the section.     

Two new species of Habracanthus (Acanthaceae) from Colombia

Two new Colombian species ofHabracanthus,H. malacus from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta andH. latifolius from the Sierra de Perijá, are described, illustrated, and compared withH. antipharmacus, their closest relative.     

Saurauia oroquensis,a new species of Actinidiaceae from Colombia

Saurauia oroquensis, a new species from Colombia remarkably allied toS. bullosa Wawra, is described. It is distinguished from the latter by the absence of stellate trichomes on the lower leaf surface, by the homotrichous nature of sepal pubescence (limited only to the exposed parts in bud, with the imbricated parts and inner surface completely glabrous), and by the much lower number of stamens per flower. This new taxon is endemic to the Colombia-Venezuelan border region (Táchira-Norte de Santander).     

Molecular phylogenetics of porcini mushrooms (Boletus section Boletus)

Porcini (Boletus section Boletus: Boletaceae: Boletineae: Boletales) are a conspicuous group of wild, edible mushrooms characterized by fleshy fruiting bodies with a poroid hymenophore that is "stuffed" with white hyphae when young. Their reported distribution is with ectomycorrhizal plants throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Little progress has been made on the systematics of this group using modern molecular phylogenetic tools because sampling has been limited primarily to European species and the genes employed were insufficient to resolve the phylogeny. We examined the evolutionary history of porcini by using a global geographic sampling of most known species, new discoveries from little explored areas, and multiple genes. We used 78 sequences from the fast-evolving nuclear internal transcribed spacers and are able to recognize 18 reciprocally monophyletic species. To address whether or not porcini form a monophyletic group, we compiled a broadly sampled dataset of 41 taxa, including other members of the Boletineae, and used separate and combined phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and the mitochondrial ATPase subunit six gene. Contrary to previous studies, our separate and combined phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of porcini. We also report the discovery of two taxa that expand the known distribution of porcini to Australia and Thailand and have ancient phylogenetic connections to the rest of the group. A relaxed molecular clock analysis with these new taxa dates the origin of porcini to between 42 and 54 million years ago, coinciding with the initial diversification of angiosperms, during the Eocene epoch when the climate was warm and humid. These results reveal an unexpected diversity, distribution, and ancient origin of a group of commercially valuable mushrooms that may provide an economic incentive for conservation and support the hypothesis of a tropical origin of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.     

Elaphoglossum gemmatum (Elaphoglossaceae), a new species from Colombia

Elaphoglossum gemmatum, a species of proliferous fern from Colombia, is described, illustrated, and compared to the most similar species,E. exsertipes, E. phyllitidis, andE. proliferans.     

Kalbreyeracanthus kirkbridei (acanthaceae), a new species from Colombia

A new species Kalbreyeracathus kirkbridei, from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, is described, illustrated, and compared with K. atropurpureus, the only other species in the genus.     

Ayenia saligna (Sterculiaceae), a new species from Colombia

Ayenia saligna from Colombia is described and illustrated. It is remarkable for having foliar nectaries, which now are known to occur in seven of the 75–80 species in the genus. The petals ofAyenia are structurally complex and the inconsistent use of terminology to describe their parts is noted. In addition, the relationship ofA. saligna to other species ofAyenia is discussed.     

A new species of Rhetinantha (Orchidaceae, Maxillarieae) from Antioquia, Colombia

A new species of Rhetinantha from Colombian department of Antioquia is described, illustrated and placed within the key for the determination of national Rhetinantha species. The taxonomic affinity of the new entity is briefly discussed and the information about its distribution and ecology is provided.     

Two new species and new records for Pteris (Pteridaceae) from Colombia

A systematic review of the Colombian species of the tribe Pterideae (Pteridaceae) resulted in the discovery of two new species ofPteris:P. muricatopedata andP. albertiae, both in the Deflexa group. Two species are reported for the first time from Colombia:P. bakeri C. Chr. andP. lechleri Mett.     

Deprea nubicola (Solanaceae), a new species from northern Colombia

A new species,Deprea nubicola, is described. Although the corolla is similar in some aspects to that ofD. bitteriana, D. nubicola is distinguished by its diminutive leaves, a low density of hairs in the corolla annulus, glabrous filaments, and a distinctive long-pedicellate, subulate-lobed fruiting calyx.Deprea nubicola shares withD. ecuatoriana a fruiting calyx that tightly invests the berry. The distribution ofD. nubicola is limited to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia. A key to the species ofDeprea is provided.     

New species of Sobralia section Abbreviatae Brieger (Orchidaceae) from Colombia. A morphological and molecular evidence

Sobralia vallecaucana, section Abbreviatae from Valle del Cauca, Colombia, is described and illustrated on the basis of morphological and molecular study. The analyses of the ITS and matK reveal close relationship between the new species and Sobralia klotzscheana. However, S. vallecaucana can be easily distinguished by its large leaves compared to its very short stem, leaves and leaves’ sheaths strongly hispid underside and lip with two basal ridges and without thickening along its central nerves.     

A new species of Grotea Cresson (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae, Labeninae) from Colombia

The genus Grotea has 18 described species. A new species, Grotea villosissimasp. n., is described here and its host information included. This is the first record of Grotea for Colombia.