酸性β-甘露聚糖酶的固体发酵和一般特性

研究了培养基组分和培养条件对黑曲霉WM20-11菌株合成β-甘露聚糖酶的影响。最适培养基和发酵条件为：水12mL,麸皮8g,豆饼粉2g,魔芋粉0.4g,玉米浆0.5mL,(NH4)2SO4 1.0%,CaCl2 0.1%、MgSO4 0.1%,KH2PO4 0.2%(相对于固体料的百分数）,自然pH:31-32℃固体静置培养84h,WM20-11产β-甘露聚糖酶活力达1295U/g干曲。该酶最适作用温度和pH分别为70℃和3.5;在pH2.5-7.0之间稳定,保温30min的半失活温度t1/2为58℃;Ca^2 对酶有激活作用,而Pb^2 、Co^2 、Fe^3 对酶有抑制作用。     

黑曲霉固态发酵苹果渣产β-甘露聚糖酶的工艺优化

目的:对黑曲霉SL-08固态发酵苹果渣生产β-甘露聚糖酶的生产工艺进行优化,旨在探寻苹果渣的综合利用方式,降低β-甘露聚糖酶的生产成本。方法:采用Plackett-Burman试验设计和响应面法进行优化。结果:最佳培养基组成为苹果渣与棉粕1∶1(w/w)、尿素2%(w/w)、KH2PO40.1%(w/w)、初始含水率59%(w/w)、CaCl20.2%(w/w)、MgCl20.1%(w/w),30℃恒温培养48h,β-甘露聚糖酶酶活力可达539U/g干曲,比基础培养基提高了28.3%,达到了以豆粕与麸皮为生产原料时的产酶水平。结论:采用黑曲霉SL-08对苹果渣进行固态发酵是一种有效的生物转化方式,既可用于β-甘露聚糖酶的生产,取代豆粕与麸皮等常规原料,降低生产成本;也可以对苹果渣进行综合利用。     

碱性β-甘露聚糖酶发酵工艺的研究

本文报道碱性β-甘露聚糖酶16L罐的发酵工艺。在发酵过程中,通气量影响菌体生长,最适通气量为1:0.75—1:1.0vvm。搅拌速度影响菌体产酶,最适搅拌速度为500r/min。碳源为魔芋粉,其适宜浓度为2%。发酵周期为40小时。发酵液中β-甘露聚糖酶的酶活力达300u/ml,比摇床上培养提高了2倍。     

微生物β-甘露聚糖酶

－１,４－Ｄ－甘露聚糖酶（－１,４－Ｄ－ｍａｎｎａｎｍａｎｎａｎｏｈｙｄｒｏｌａｓｅ,ＥＣ．３．２．１．７８）,又简称为－Ｄ－甘露聚糖酶或甘露聚糖酶（－Ｄ－ｍａｎｎａｎａｓｅ,ｍａｎｎａｎａｓｅ）,是一类能够水解含有－甘露糖苷键的甘露寡糖、甘露多糖（...     

黑曲霉固态发酵制备β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵条件优化

对一株黑曲霉菌固态发酵产β-葡萄糖苷酶的产酶条件进行了优化.通过单因素实验考察了不同碳源、氮源、固液比、诱导剂及产酶时间等6 种因素对产β-葡萄糖苷酶的影响.在单因素的基础上,进行了五因素四水平正交实验.结果表明,在培养基组分中秸秆与麦麸的比例为3:3,固液比为1:3,氮源为3% 硝酸铵,发酵时间为5d,采用CMCNa 作为诱导剂时得到的β-葡萄糖苷酶活力最高,可达40.06 U/g.     

耐酸性黑曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达分析

目的:克隆黑曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶基因,研究该基因在毕赤酵母中的表达情况。方法:运用RT-PCR从黑曲霉AN070902中克隆β-甘露聚糖酶cDNA片段,与载体pPIC9K相连,构建重组载体VMAN-pPIC9K,电转化毕赤酵母GS115,筛选产酶最高菌株进行5 L液体发酵,对该菌株所产重组酶进行酶学性质分析。结果:克隆获得1152 bpcDNA,编码由383个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,该蛋白质属于GH5家族,理论pI和相对分子质量分别为4.48和41.6×103;筛选获得的重组菌株VMAN-pPIC9K-GS115在5 L液体发酵中上清酶活达11 785 U/mL;表达的重组酶是一种酸性β-甘露聚糖酶,最适反应pH值为3.0,经pH2.0～9.0处理2 h后剩余酶活保持90%以上;该重组酶最适反应温度为65℃,70℃处理1 h后剩余酶活保持75%以上;该重组酶活性被1 mmol/L的Fe3+和Mn2+显著抑制,被1mmol/L的Co2+显著激活。结论:重组耐酸性β-甘露聚糖酶的特性,决定了其在工业生产中,特别是动物饲料和食品加工中具有应用价值。     

β-甘露聚糖酶分子生物学研究进展

本文概述了β-甘露聚糖酶的来源,以及近年来对微生物、植物、动物来源的β-甘露聚糖酶的分子生物学研究进展,包括基因结构分析、氨基酸序列分析、基因克隆、基因的异源表达及其应用领域等,以期为β-甘露聚糖酶的研究提供进一步的参考。     

黑曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶基因manA在PK15细胞中的分泌表达

通过RT-PCR方法,从黑曲霉总RNA中克隆出β-甘露聚糖酶基因manA的成熟肤编码序列.将其与猪腮腺分泌蛋白(parotid secretory protein,PSP)基因的信号肤序列通过重叠延伸PCR方法得到拼接片段,并插入到真核表达载体pcDNA6.0/HisTMA中,得到重组质粒pcDNA-PSmanA.重组质粒经过PCR、酶切、测序鉴定,证实含有目的片段,且读码框完全正确.在脂质体介导下将pcDNA-PSmanA转染猪肾(PK15)细胞进行分泌表达,通过RT-PCR方法证实其在PK15细胞中表达,并在细胞培养液中检测酶活性得到β-甘露聚糖酶基因酶活性为14.5 IU/mL.     

Influence of the glycolytic rate on production of citric acid and oxalic acid by Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation

A study was performed to understand the physiology and biochemical mechanism of citric acid accumulation during solid state fermentation of sweet potato using Aspergillus niger Yang No.2. A low citrate-producing mutant was isolated followed by a comparative study of the fermentation process and selected physiological and biochemical parameters. In contrast with the parent strain, the mutant strain displayed lower concentrations, yields and production rates of citric acid, accompanied by higher concentrations, yields and production rates of oxalic acid. In addition, the mutant utilized starch at a lower rate although higher concentrations of free glucose accumulated in the cultures. Biochemical analyses revealed lower rates of glucose uptake and hexokinase activity of the mutant strain in comparison with the parent strain. It is proposed that, in common with submerged fermentation, over-production of citric acid in solid state fermentation is related to an increased glucose flux through glycolysis. At low glucose fluxes, oxalic acid is accumulated.     

黑曲霉产木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

正交设计试验结果表明,黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ ｍ１２）产木聚糖酶活力达７６．６０ｕ／ｍｌ,合适的产酶发酵条件如下,培养基（ｇ／Ｌ）：麸皮４０,尿素６．６７,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ １．０,ＭｇＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ０．５,ＮａＣｌ０．３,Ｔｗｅｅｎ－８０ ３．０,ＣａＣＯ３ ２．０,２８℃,１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ水浴振荡培养５．５ｄ。     

黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的条件优化

研究采用响应面法优化黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的培养条件。应用Plackett—Burman试验筛选出重要影响因子：五倍子粉含量、（NH4）2SO4浓度以及接种孢子量,最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区域。应用Box．Behnken响应面试验对重要影响因子进一步优化。得到最佳培养条件：每250mL三角瓶中装入1．0g五倍子粉、4．4g稻壳和0．5g麸皮、液固比（mL／g）2：1且营养盐溶液组成为（NH4）2s0421g/L、MgSO4·7H2O1g／L、NaCl1g／L,培养基pH自然,接种5．7×10^7个孢子后在30℃温度下培养4d。在此条件下,单宁酶产量从40U／g提高到114U／g,3次重复验证性试验平均值为115U／g,验证了模型的可靠性。     

黑曲霉SL2-111复合酶固体发酵工艺研究

以酸性蛋白酶酶活为响应值,采用单因素搜索和正交试验对黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）SL2－111固体发酵工艺进行优化,结果表明最适培养基的组成为：新鲜麸皮8．25g,米糠4．5g、豆饼粉1．5g、（NH4)2SO40.3g、K2HPO40．66g、CaCl20.075g、水8．6mL,pH5．5,变温培养,前30h28℃、后30h为23℃,培养时间为60h。采用最适培养基和优化工艺,在250mL三角瓶中进行验证实验,酸性蛋白酶酶活可达12586U/g,果胶酶和纤维素酶分别为16490U/g、9822U／g。     

黑曲霉SL2-111固体发酵生产果胶酯酶的研究

目的:研究黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)诱变菌株SL2-111产果胶酯酶的发酵及浸提条件。方法:通过固体发酵,考察碳氮源、无机盐及培养条件等因素对产酶的影响。采用不同浸提剂与硫酸铵浓度,比较浸提与分离效果。结果:以麸皮为主要原料,培养物最高酶活力可达到32 975U/g鲜曲。产酶最适培养基为:麸皮10g,柚皮粉1.5g,(NH4)2SO41.0g,CaCl20.075g。最佳产酶条件为:28℃,pH 6.5,培养52h。成曲的最佳浸提剂为蒸馏水,果胶酯酶硫酸铵分级沉淀的浓度为50~90%。结论:黑曲霉(Aspergil-lus niger)诱变菌株SL2-111产果胶酯酶的发酵及浸提条件值得进一步研究。     

Production of pectinesterase and polygalacturonase by Aspergillus niger in submerged and solid state systems

Production of pectinesterase and polygalacturonase by Aspergillus niger was studied in submerged and solid-state fermentation systems. With pectin as a sole carbon source, pectinesterase and polygalacturonase production were four and six times higher respectively in a solid state system than in a submerged fermentation system and required a shorter time for enzyme production. The addition of glucose increased pectinesterase and polygalacturonase production in the solid state system but in submerged fermentation the production was markedly inhibited. A comparison of enzyme productivities showed that those determined for pectinesterase and polygalacturonase with pectin as a carbon source were three and five times higher by using the solid state rather than the submerged fermentation system. The productivities of the two enzymes were affected by glucose in both fermentation systems. The membranes of cells from the solid state fermentation showed increased levels of C18:1, C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids. Differences in the regulation of enzyme synthesis by Aspergillus niger depended on the fermentation system, favoring the solid state over the submerged fermentation for pectinase production. Received 12 May 1997/ Accepted in revised form 19 September 1997     

Citric acid production by solid state fermentation using sugarcane bagasse

A solid state fermentation (SSF) method was used to produce citric acid by Aspergillus niger DS 1 using sugarcane bagasse as a carrier and sucrose or molasses based medium as a moistening agent. Initially bagasse and wheat bran were compared as carrier. Bagasse was the most suitable carrier, as it did not show agglomeration after moistening with medium, resulting in better heat and mass transfer during fermentation and higher product yield. Different parameters such as moisture content, particle size, sugar level and methanol concentration of the medium were optimised and 75% moisture level, 31.8 g sugar/100 g dry solid, 4% (v/w) methanol and particles of the size between 1.2 and 1.6 mm were found to be optimal. Sucrose and clarified and non-clarified molasses medium were also tested as moistening agents for SSF and under optimised conditions, 20.2, 19.8 and 17.9 g citric acid /100 g of dry solid with yield of 69.6, 64.5 and 62.4% (based on sugar consumed) was obtained in sucrose, clarified and non-clarified molasses medium respectively, after 9 days of fermentation.     

Utilisation of fruits waste for citric acid production by solid state fermentation

A solid state fermentation method was used to utilise pineapple, mixed fruit and maosmi waste as substrates for citric acid production using Aspergillus niger DS 1. Experiments were carried out in the presence and absence of methanol at different moisture levels. In the absence of methanol the maximum citric acid was obtained at 60% moisture level whereas in the presence of methanol the maximum citric acid was obtained at 70% moisture level. The stimulating effect of methanol was less at lower moisture level. The inhibitory effect of metal ions was also not observed and maximum citric acid yield of 51.4, 46.5 and 50% (based on sugar consumed) was obtained from pineapple, mixed fruit and maosmi residues, respectively.     

利用农业废弃物生产嗜热真菌（T．1anuginosus）耐热木聚糖酶的固体发酵研究

研究了嗜热真菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus CBS288．54-M18)生产木聚糖酶的碳氮源组成、料水比、培养基初始pH值、发酵温度及接种量等的影响。结果表明,以麦麸和玉米芯粉(8：2)作为复合碳源,酵母膏和胰蛋白胨(1：1)作为复合氮源时,菌株所产的木聚糖酶量相比未优化碳氮源的培养基提高幅度高达200％。其最佳产酶的料水比为1：3,培养基初始pH7．0为最适。菌株在50℃条件下发酵5d,能够得到活力高达15023U／g干基碳源的木聚糖酶制剂,且该酶制剂不合纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性。     

黑曲霉A3木聚糖酶固体发酵研究

筛选了一株高产木聚糖酶的黑曲霉Ａ３菌株,研究了其在固体培养基中的发酵条件。该菌最适培养条件为：起始ｐＨ４．６。２８℃,１ｍｌ孢子悬液接种量,蔗渣粉：麸皮为１．５：１,发酵３天,木聚糖酶活力可达５１４７ＩＵ／ｇ培养基干重。氮源组成,温度、ｐＨ及发酵时间对曲中木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的比例有较大影响。与液体发酵相比,粗酶的最适反应温度均为５５℃,最适反应ｐＨ值分别为４．６和４．２,在不同温度下保温１ｈ,测得