长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A2的分离和初步表征

东北长白山白眉蝮蛇（ＡｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎｂｌｏｍｈｏｆｆｉＵｓｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ）蛇毒经ＤＥＡＥＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ５０离子交换层析柱,连续３步ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ７５凝胶过滤柱得到了磷脂酶Ａ２（ＰＬＡ２）的纯品。ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ）以及基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时质谱（ＭＡＬＤＩ／ＴＯＦ／ＭＳ）表征为单一蛋白,其准确分子量为（１４．００８±０．００７）ｋＤ。最适ｐＨ范围８．０～９．０,最适的反应温度为４５℃。在溶液中有多聚体的存在。     

A novel plasminogen activator from Agkistrodon blomhoffii Ussurensis venom (ABUSV-PA): purification and characterization

A plasminogen activator with arginine ester hydrolysis activity (ABUSV-PA) has been identified and purified to homogeneity from Chinese Agkistrodon blomhoffii Ussurensis snake venom. ABUSV-PA, a monomeric protein with molecular mass of 27815.2 Da, was purified 180-fold with 0.02% recovery for protein and 3.6% recovery for esterase activity. ABUSV-PA reacts optimally with its substrate N(alpha)-tosyl-l-arginine-methyl ester (TAME) at approximately pH 7.5 and at 51 degrees C. Measurement from inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) reveals that ABUSV-PA is a Zn(2+)-containing protein with a stoichiometry of 1:1 [Zn(2+)]:[ABUSV-PA]. Analyses of esterase hydrolysis and UV absorption and CD spectra indicate that Zn(2+) plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity rather than the esterase activity of ABUSV-PA. Divalent metal ions, including Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Mn(2+), and Co(2+), increase the TAME hydrolysis activity of ABUSV-PA. A red-shift of the emission wavelengths of the synchronous fluorescence of ABUSV-PA, compared to those of free Tyr and Trp, indicates a conformation where the Tyr and Trp residues are in exposed hydrophilic environments. The presence of zinc increases the hydrophobicity of the conformational environments surrounding the Trp residues of ABUSV-PA and affects the secondary structure of ABUSV-PA, as proved by UV absorption and CD spectroscopy.     

日本蝮蛇蛇毒碱性磷脂酶A2同源物的分离及鉴定

We purified and characterizated a phospholipase A2 homologue from Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake venom. We used Hitrap SP cation exchange and Superdex 75 columns chromatography to obtain a basic protein, used SDS-PAGE to analyse molecular mass, and IEF (Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis) IEF to identify isoelectric point. The molecular mass was 16 kDa, and the isoelectric point was 8.56. We detected its phospholipase A2 activity on egg yolk phospholipids, hemolytic activity on washed erythrocytes, and anticoagulant effect on pig platelet-rich plasma, as well as the N-terminal sequence with protein sequencer. The results showed that it had no phospholipase A2 activity and hemolytic activity, but had obvious anticoagulant effect on in witro. The N terminal sequence (21 amino acid residues) compared with other phospholipases A2 demonstrated that the protein was homogenous with BPLA2s from Agkistrodon halys Palls.     

五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A_2的纯化及部分性质

经Sephadex G-75和QAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析等方法,从湖南产五步蛇(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中纯化一种均一的酸性磷脂酶A_2。SDS-PAGE测得分子量为15.8kD,按氨基酸残基计算其分子量为14.352kD,IEF-PAGE测得等电点为5.32。氨基酸组份分析表明磷脂酶A_2分子由128个氨基酸残基组成,富含Asp和Glu,不含中性糖。PLA_2酶活性的最适温度为45℃,最适pH为8.5左右,没有抗胰蛋白酶的活性,具一定的热稳定性。K~+、Ca~(++)和Na~+离子激活,而Cd~(++)、Sn~(++)、Cu~(++)、Li~+、Hg(++)、Zn~(++)、Fe~(++)和Co~(++)离子可抑制或完全丧失酶活力。手工微量顺序分析测得PLA_2分子N-末端氨基酸为Leu。此酶对小白鼠的LD_(50)至少大于10mg/kg(ip)。     

Purification, characterization and gene cloning of a novel phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis

A new phospholipase A2 with Gln at the site 49, abbreviated as Gln49-PLA2, has been purified from the venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis by using ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC, and behaves as a single-band on SDS-PAGE. Its molecular weight is 13881.85+/-0.33 Da given by mass spectrometry and pI is about 8.56 given by isoelectric focusing. Gln49-PLA2 does not show phospholipase A2 and hemorrhagic activity, whereas shows weak toxic and apparent anticoagulant activity. Based on the N-terminal sequencing and peptide mass fingerprint analysis, Gln49-PLA2 cDNA has been cloned by means of RT-PCR. Gln49-PLA2 consists of 122 amino acid residues and has the structural features of class II of snake venom phospholipase A2.     

短尾蝮蛇毒磷脂酶A2的分离纯化及抗血小板聚集作用

目的研究短尾蝮蛇毒磷脂酶A2的分离纯化及其抗血小板聚集作用。方法磷脂酶A2的分离纯化采用CM-SephadexC-25、DEAE-SepharoseCL-6B、SephacrylS-200、SephadexG-75柱层析法,用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其蛋白分子质量,以磷脂酶Az测定方法测定其酶活性,用比浊法测定其对二磷酸腺苷（ADP）引起的血小板聚集的影响。结果从短尾蝮蛇毒中纯化所得磷脂酶A2的相对分子质量为16．0×10^3（非还原）、17．6×10^3（还原）,它具有磷脂酶A2活性,能明显抑制ADP引起的血小板聚集并呈剂量-效应关系。结论此方法成功地从短尾蝮蛇毒中分离纯化出磷脂酶A2,并能抑制血小板聚集。     

尖吻蝮蛇毒磷脂酶A2基因的克隆与序列分析

从尖吻蝮蛇毒腺中抽提总ＲＮＡ,经ＲＴＰＣＲ扩增磷脂酶Ａ２的基因,以江浙蝮蛇的酸性磷脂酶Ａ２基因为探针杂交筛选克隆,分离得到４种磷脂酶Ａ２基因。经双向测序测定了这些磷脂酶Ａ２同功酶基因的全序列,并由此推导出编码的氨基酸序列。运用计算机软件推算了它们的等电点,按照等电点和结构特征将它们分别命名为尖吻蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶Ａ２Ｉ（Ａ．ａＡＰＬＡ２Ｉ）、尖吻蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶Ａ２ＩＩ（Ａ．ａＡＰＬＡ２ＩＩ）、尖吻蝮蛇毒碱性磷脂酶Ａ２（Ａ．ａＢＰＬＡ２）和尖吻蝮蛇毒Ｌｙｓ４９磷脂酶Ａ２（Ａ．ａＬｙｓ４９ＰＬＡ２）。其中Ａ．ａＡＰＬＡ２Ｉ的１～１０位氨基酸残基序列同以前分离得到的尖吻蝮蛇酸性磷脂酶Ａ２已测定的１～１０位氨基酸残基序列完全一致。Ａ．ａＬｙｓ４９ＰＬＡ２基因则由于其推导出的４９位氨基酸残基由Ｌｙｓ代替了Ａｓｐ而区别于以前克隆到的磷脂酶Ａ２基因。最后运用计算机软件比较了它们的同源性。这一组磷脂酶Ａ２基因的克隆,将为进一步研究磷脂酶Ａ２的结构与功能的关系提供更多的信息。     

尖吻蝮蛇毒碱性磷脂酶A2的表达及其生化特征

将尖吻蝮蛇毒碱性磷脂酶A2 (A .aBPLA2 )基因克隆至温敏表达载体 pBLMVL2 ,在大肠杆菌RR1中成功诱导表达 .表达产物A .aBPLA2 约占细菌蛋白质总量的 2 0 % ,并以包涵体的形式存在 .纯化包涵体后 ,将产物变性、复性 ,然后用FPLCSuperoseTM12纯化 ,产物经过SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测只有单一条带 .对纯化后的表达A .aBPLA2 进行了酶活性、抑制血小板聚集活性和溶血活性的测定 .结果显示 ,表达A .aBPLA2的酶活性与变性后复性江浙蝮蛇酸性磷脂酶A2 酶活性相近 ,具有类似变性后复性江浙蝮蛇碱性磷脂酶A2 的溶血活性 ,没有抑制血小板聚集活性 .最后对磷脂酶A2 的结构与这些活性的关系进行了讨论     

尖吻蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶A_2I的表达及其生化特征

将尖吻蝮蛇毒酸性磷脂酶 Ａ２ Ｉ（ Ａ．ａ Ａ Ｐ Ｌ Ａ２ Ｉ） 的基因克隆至表达载体ｐ Ｂ Ｌ Ｍ Ｖ Ｌ２ , 在大肠杆菌 Ｒ Ｒ１ 中成功表达。表达产物 Ａ．ａ Ａ Ｐ Ｌ Ａ２ Ｉ约占细菌蛋白质总量的３０ ％ , 以包含体的形式存在。纯化包含体后, 将产物变性、复性, 然后用 Ｆ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｓｅ Ｔ Ｍ１２ 纯化, 产物经过 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 检测只有单一条带。对表达的 Ａ．ａ Ａ Ｐ Ｌ Ａ２ Ｉ进行了酶活性、抑制血小板聚集活性和溶血活性的测定。结果显示, 表达的 Ａ．ａ Ａ Ｐ Ｌ Ａ２ Ｉ的酶活性同变性后复性江浙蝮蛇酸性磷脂酶 Ａ２（ Ａ Ｐ Ｌ Ａ２） 的酶活性相近, 既具有抑制血小板聚集活性也具有溶血活性。最后对磷脂酶 Ａ２（ Ｐ Ｌ Ａ２） 的结构与这些活性的关系进行了讨论