渤海辽中凹陷古近系孢粉组合带及地层划分

利用孢粉图示、Q型系统聚类分析等方法,对辽中凹陷JZ16-4-1,JZ21-1-1,JZ25-1-3,JZ31-2E-1等钻井的206块样品进行孢粉分析,结果显示:辽中坳陷古近系沙三段到东营组一段划分为6个孢粉组合带;结合渤海湾盆地其它凹陷的古近系孢粉地层研究发现辽中凹陷东营组孢粉组合带与南堡凹陷和冀中拗陷分带结果较为相似,与黄河口凹陷和东濮凹陷有较大差异;孢粉组合带特征表明,辽中凹陷古近系气候以温暖湿润为主,略有波动,是形成孢粉分带的主要原因。     

孢粉药材及花类药材的孢粉形态（续）

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对１０种孢粉药材及花类药材进行了孢子或花粉的显微和亚显微研究,为孢粉药材及花粉药材的鉴别提供了新的方法和科学依据。     

中国孢粉形态学术讨论会在河北任邱市召开

中国孢粉学会与华北油田于1987年9月24—28日在河北任邱市联合召开了全国孢粉形态学术讨论会。出席这次会议的代表有100名,会议期间,代表们围绕下列五个专题进行大会报告及小组讨论:1.孢粉形态研究的进展;2.孢粉形态与进化;3.新技术在孢粉形态研究中的应用;4.常见和有争议的孢粉鉴定问题;5.常见和有争议的孢粉形态名词的统一问题。通过学术交流,代表们认为:1.孢粉形态的研究是孢粉学研究的基础,必须重视和加强。2.地质     

青年孢粉学工作者讨论会暨徐仁教授80寿辰庆祝会在北京召开

前言1980年9—10月,笔者随北疆队,在沙湾县马纳斯河剖面,对中生代地层进行了地质调查,并系统地采集了孢粉样品,仅在西山窑组分析出保存完好的孢粉化石(有12块样品含孢粉),对每块样品都进行了孢粉统计。这一孢粉组合的研究对准噶尔盆地侏罗纪煤系地层的划分与对比,以及与我国北方侏罗纪煤系地层进行对比,提供了古生物依据。     

应用聚类分析划分孢粉带(区)的实例

一、序言随着计算机的普遍使用,孢粉分析学者对于数值方法在第四纪孢粉分析中的应用有了长足的认识。聚类分析、全成分分析、因子分析、回归分析、时间序列分析等多变量统计分析已用于处理第四纪孢粉学问题。应用这些方法划分孢粉带、孢粉分布区,进而探讨孢粉谱和植被、气候间的关系,定量解决第四纪孢粉学和古生态学的问题。在我国,虽有少数孢粉学者做了这方面的工作,但工作开展得还不够充分。本文是应用Q型聚类分析方法的一个实例。试图用聚类分析方法对珠江三角洲和内蒙古旱海的两个钻孔和南中国海海域表层样品作孢粉带划分     

孢粉氧化及氧化后稳定性讨论

本文在总结以往孢粉实验室处理常用方法的基础上,结合自己多年的工作经验,对广西晚泥盆世等地碳化较强的孢粉氧化问题进行了讨论。重点叙述将碳化较强的黑色不透明孢粉氧化转变为棕色透明孢粉的实验过程中应注意的主要事项。文章还讨论了孢粉氧化后的稳定性,并介绍了国外在这方面的先进技术。     

中国早第三纪孢粉植物群纲要

简要地叙述中国大陆及陆架区早第三纪孢粉植物群的纵向演变和横向分异，将纵向演变归纳为６个主要的孢粉植物群发展时期。即：１）早古新世榆科花粉发育期；２）晚古新世正型粉扩展期；３）早始新世榆科－桦科－胡桃科花粉繁盛期；４）中始新世壳外科花粉发育期；５）晚始新世蒺藜科花粉扩展期；６）渐新世松科花粉发育期。据横向地区差异，将中国大陆及陆架区划分为７个早第三纪孢粉植物地理区，为：１）东北暖温带至亚热带湿生孢粉植物区，２）华北暖温带至亚热带中生孢粉植物区，３）西北暖温带至亚热带旱生孢粉植物区，４）中南亚热带中生孢粉植物区，５）东海南部陆架亚热带湿生孢粉植物区，６）南方亚热带、热带中生至湿生孢粉植物区，７）西藏亚热带中生孢粉植物区。对以上各期的孢粉植物区的主要特征和各地理区范围，代表性的孢粉和特征分别进行叙述，并以此对中国早第三纪的主要含孢粉地层列表进行了对比。     

我国常见孢粉化学成分研究

本文对我国常见的15种花粉进行了氨基酸、磷脂、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物元素、核酸、胡萝卜素、黄酮素、生长素等的分析研究,为孢粉生油、孢粉热变质与油气成熟度、孢粉埋藏学、孢粉壁结构、抱粉生理学研究以及我国花粉资源的开发利用提供了重要的科学依据。     

新疆准噶尔盆地克拉美丽地区滴水泉剖面下石炭统孢粉组合

本文研究了新疆准噶尔盆地克拉美丽地区滴水泉剖面滴水泉组化石孢粉,共11属17种;在孢粉组合中以鳞木类植物孢子占主导地位,其地质时代为早石炭世;本文还根据孢粉植物群讨论了古气候,推测当时当地气候可能是潮湿的。     

黄土孢粉HF处理方法

黄土孢粉提取是黄土孢粉分析的关键,到目前为止,虽然有一些比较好的工作方法,但是都存在一定的问题。本文主要提出HF法处理黄土孢粉的一些应该注意之处。由于黄土中有大量碳酸盐以及胶结物,且SiO2含量也较高,需要对标准的HF法进行相应的调整,在处理过程中多次进行HCI和HF处理。对甘肃静宁酸刺沟剖面261个黄土孢粉样品的进行HF法处理的结果表明,运用这种改进过的方法可以更加有效地提取孢粉。     

The age of the British upper coal measures with reference to their miospore content

Details are given of miospore distributions and zonation in the British Upper Coal Measures. These are compared with miospore distributions in strata of comparable age in France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, Spain, and parts of Russia and the United States. Various published correlations of these strata are discussed and an amended correlation between the British and French sequences suggested. It is concluded that there is as yet little palynological evidence for the presence in Britain of Carboniferous strata of an age younger than that of the Westphalian D stage.     

Problems with Paleocene Palynozones in the Rockies: Hell's Half Acre Revisited

The scheme of palynostratigraphic zonation most widely applied to interbasinal correlation of Paleocene rocks in the Rocky Mountain region of North America is fundamentally flawed. In its initial publication (based on juglandaceous fossil pollen), basic principles of biostratigraphy were violated, the taxonomy was typological, and the phylogenetic analysis was methodologically unsound. Youngest parts of Paleocene time were not sampled during development of the zonation, and the basal two zones involved strata of Cretaceous age. Implications of paleoenvironmental influences on sequences of palynostratigraphic occurrences were not considered. Subjective assertions at many levels remain neither verifiable nor falsifiable, because data from specimens utilized in the published formulation of Paleocene palynozones P1–P6 cannot be reliably tied in their defining area to identifiable stratigraphic sequences at known positions in actual rocks. A rigorous and geologically useful palynological zonation for Paleocene strata in the Rockies is possible, and its development should be pursued. Procedurally, however, any such scheme must (1) be constructed according to sound principles of biostratigraphy; (2) contain accurate information about locations and stratigraphic positions of all samples; and (3) provide publicly accessible and verifiable taxonomic data on compositions of all samples.     

Middle and Early Upper Devonian Miospore Zonations in Eastern Yunnan and the Significance of Their Stratigraphy

The Devonian marine and non marine deposits were widely distributed in East Yunnan, where rich marine faunas and floras were present. The Middle and early Upper Devonian miospores of Eastern Yunnan were also abundant and usually well- preserved. The present paper provides both analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition development of Middle and early Upper Devonian spore assemblage in Eastern Yunnan, and a palynological zonatlon containing four successive assemblage zones: 1.Zone of Calyptosporites velatus-Rhabdosporites langii (VL); 2. Zone of Archaeozonotriletes variabilis-Calyptosporites proteus (VP); 3. Zone of Geminospora lemurata-Cristatisporites triangulatus (LT); 4. Zone of Archaeoperisaccus ovalis-Lagenicula bullosum (OB). The Middle and early Upper Devonian spore assemblages of Eastern Yunnan may be compared with those in South China and West Qinling. The spore zonation possesses stratigraphical dating of the Devonian megafloras of the region, particularly those from the Middle and Upper Devonian. The proposed spore zonation is closely compared with that erected for the Middle and early Upper Devonian of Old Sandstone Continent and adjacent Region. Based on palynological data, the reconstruction of Paleogeography and Paleoecology are discussed.     

A latest Cretaceous to earliest Paleogene dinoflagellate cyst zonation from Antarctica,and implications for phytoprovincialism in the high southern latitudes

The thickest uppermost Cretaceous to lowermost Paleogene (Maastrichtian to Danian) sedimentary succession in the world is exposed on southern Seymour Island (65° South) in the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula. This fossiliferous shallow marine sequence, which spans the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, has allowed a high-resolution analysis of well-preserved marine palynomorphs. Previous correlation of Cretaceous–Paleogene marine palynomorph assemblages in the south polar region relied on dinoflagellate cyst biozonations from New Zealand and southern Australia. The age model of the southern Seymour Island succession is refined and placed within the stratigraphical context of the mid to high southern palaeolatitudes. Quantitative palynological analysis of a new 1102 m continuous stratigraphical section comprising the uppermost Snow Hill Island Formation and the López de Bertodano Formation (Marambio Group) across southern Seymour Island was undertaken. We propose the first formal late Maastrichtian to early Danian dinoflagellate cyst zonation scheme for the Antarctic based on this exceptional succession. Two new late Maastrichtian zones, including three subzones, and one new early Danian zone are defined. The oldest beds correlate well with the late Maastrichtian of New Zealand. In a wider context, a new South Polar Province based on Maastrichtian to Danian dinoflagellate cysts is proposed, which excludes most southern South American marine palynofloras. This interpretation is supported by models of ocean currents around Antarctica and implies an unrestricted oceanic connection across Antarctica between southern South America and the Tasman Sea.     

新版Tilia软件:中文指南和使用技巧*

Tilia软件一直是微体古生物学特别是孢粉学科使用最为普遍的一款专业计算机程序。该软件主要将样品数据经统计计算分析,将每个样品化石科属类型含量以图谱的形式依据地层深度或时间顺序排列显示,使化石数据转换为地层图式。基于各科属特别是优势或建群类型含量上下层位变化特点和规律,划分生物组合带,以图的形式直观解读生物群落的地史演替和环境变化等科学问题。由于此软件一直在英文语境下运行,功能多样,操作较为复杂,往往令国内初学者难以入手和深入。本文将以新版Tilia 2.0.45软件为对象,基于先期积累的使用经验,结合我国学者的思维方式,通过简单的孢粉数据实例,图解步骤和过程,力求通俗易懂。为此,推出"基础版"和"高阶版"两种使用说明以满足不同层次的人员需求,前者针对初学者旨在短时间内快速入门掌握孢粉百分比图谱制作的基本技巧,后者面向有一定操作经验学者力求在浓度图谱、通量图谱及"深度-年代"模型和Neotoma全球生态数据库等方面拓展提高。     

藏南江孜地区古近纪甲查拉组孢粉组合及古环境分析

甲查拉组位于藏南特提斯喜马拉雅北带的江孜盆地,是江孜地区的最高海相地层,被视为新特提斯洋关闭时代的主要证据。通过对甲查拉组剖面的孢粉分析,自下而上划分为3个孢粉组合带:1 Ulmipollenites minor+Ulmoideipites-Myricipites组合带;2 Quercoidites-Caryapollenites组合带;3 Abiespollenites-Betulaceoipollenites+Betulaepollenites组合带。甲查拉组孢粉植物群揭示出其沉积自晚古新世开始,其沉积结束可能延续到早渐新世。推测晚古新世—早始新世为温暖湿润的暖温带或亚热带气候,始新世中晚期为温暖、潮湿的亚热带气候,早渐新世为温和湿润的暖温带气候。     

德国Palatinat北部爱森贝格盆地早第三纪孢粉组合时代的确定

艾森贝格盆地（Eisenberg Basin)位于梅因茨盆地（Mainz Basin)西南部,为莱茵地堑的一部分,因为化石稀少,这里的地层和梅因茨盆地典型的第三纪地层很难对比,因此,它们的地质时代长期处于争论中。对于Lautersheim 1钻孔及Lautersheim附近地层露头的孢粉地层学研究表明,这一地区的第三纪可以三分,Lautersheim 1钻孔的下部属于中始新统,相当于Krutzsch的SPP 15／16带,该钻吉中部的一部分可置入早渐新世,相当于SPP19带;这部分可以再分为上下两部分;下部含大量始新世微体植物化石,而上部此类化石很少,上部属于下渐新统,与含孢粉的Sandpit “Friedlich”可以对比。Lautersheim 1钻孔最上部属于晚渐新世（早Chattian),与“过滤层”顶部及“淡水层”底部可以对比,其所含的孢粉和Marxheim组合可以比较,相当于SPP 20F／G带。     

Palaeoecological perspectives on pattern and process in plant diversity and distribution adjustments: a comment on recent developments*

Two developments in the understanding of the relationship between sedimentary pollen assemblages, vegetation and plant diversity are discussed. The Prentice model of vegetation–pollen relationships has improved our understanding of how and at what scale sedimentary pollen records vegetation. The modelling framework allows improved palaeoecological study designs that may, potentially, give important new insights into processes of plant migrations in response to climate change. Also, reconstructions of plant communities and landscape openness may be improved. Competing hypotheses for the relationship between vegetation and palynological diversity are discussed and it is concluded that more attention should be focused on evenness aspects of palynological diversity and on hypothesis testing.     

Biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the Kulinda section (Transbaikalia,Russia) based on the Middle Jurassic palynology and macroflora

The palynological and macrofloral assemblages from the Lower Member of the Ukurey Formation have been studied based on the materials from a section exposed along the Kulinda Ravine (Olov Depression, Transbaikalia). This section is of special interest due to the occurrence of ornithischian dinosaurs. Based on palynological and palaeobotanical data, the studied deposits are dated as Middle Jurassic (Bathonian). Specific features of the palynological assemblages allow the correlation of the studied interval with Western Siberian palynozones calibrated by ammonite and foraminiferal successions. The resulting biostratigraphy suggests that the lower extent of the Ukurev Formation is not restricted to the Upper Jurassic as previously assumed. Lacustrine origin of the Lower Member of the Ukurev Formation is confirmed based on palaeoenvironmental analysis, showing changes of the terrestrial vegetation, associated with climatic conditions and fluctuations of the lake-level. Palaeobotanical and palynological data suggest that Middle Jurassic floras of eastern regions of Central Asia, southern regions of Siberia and Far East, as well as northern regions of China exhibit similar features.