牦牛Prdm9基因保守区的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法,从牦牛睾丸组织获得Prdm9基因的cDNA的保守区序列,克隆到pMD19-T载体中。经测序确证后,将基因克隆到原核表达载体PET32a(+),转化E.coli表达菌BL21(DE3),以IPTG诱导融合蛋白的高效表达。利用Ni柱亲和层析纯化蛋白,将得到的抗原免疫日本大白兔,获得了1∶4效价的牦牛PRDM9保守序列的多克隆抗体,可用于后续试验的研究。     

GⅡ.17型诺如病毒多克隆抗体的制备及应用

目的制备兔抗GⅡ.17型诺如病毒(GⅡ.17norovirus,GⅡ.17 NoV)病毒样颗粒(virus-like particles,VLPs)多克隆抗体(兔抗GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs多克隆抗体),用其建立组织血型抗原(histo-blood group antigen,HBGA)-GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs阻断试验,并对其进行初步应用。方法制备并纯化GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs,采用SDS-PAGE、电镜观察和粒径检测方法对其进行鉴定。将其免疫家兔制备兔抗GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs多克隆抗体,经Western blot对其进行鉴定,并用ELISA检测其效价及特异性。筛选与GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs结合力强的唾液HBGA受体类型,优化GⅡ.17NoV VLPs质量浓度及多克隆抗体稀释度,用兔抗GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs多克隆抗体建立HBGA-GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs阻断试验,并进行特异性验证及初步应用。结果 GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs经检测纯度为95%,且颗粒形态完整,粒径均一。制备的多克隆抗体在Western blot可见特异性条带,效价可达1∶25 600 000,并对其他基因型(GⅠ.2、GⅠ.7、GⅡ.3、GⅡ.4、GⅡ.7)VLPs的交叉反应较弱。GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs和A、B、O和AB 4种血型的唾液HBGA均能结合,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);以GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs质量浓度为0.25μg/m L,多克隆抗体的稀释度为1∶160 000建立了HBGA-GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs阻断试验,并应用该方法对不同剂量GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs免疫的小鼠血清进行了半数阻断滴度检测。结论成功制备了高效价兔抗GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs多克隆抗体,建立了HBGA-GⅡ.17NoV VLPs阻断试验,且该方法特异性良好,可用于GⅡ.17 NoV VLPs免疫效果的评价。     

基于Desirability函数法对米根霉发酵制备富马酸的多目标优化

以富马酸产量和生产速率为目标,通过正交实验考察了种龄,接种量,葡萄糖和尿素浓度对两者的影响,进一步利用基于响应曲面方法的Desirability函数确定了葡萄糖和尿素的最佳浓度。结果表明,最佳的种龄和接种量分别为36h和15%,葡萄糖和尿素的优化浓度为132.73和0.0586g/l,此时模型预测的富马酸产量和生产速率达到71.42g/l和0.804g/(l.h),Desirability的函数值高达0.966。该条件下在5L发酵罐水平上进行验证试验,经过88h的发酵最终生成富马酸66.5g/l,生产速率达到0.755 g/(l.h),与未优化前相比,产量和生产速率分别提高了13.9%和15.8%,取得了理想的效果,实现了产量和生产速率的同时优化,为发酵法制备富马酸的工业化放大奠定了基础。     

碱裂解法提取重组质粒DNA及PCR验证

目的:筛选获得高质量质粒,为进一步克隆、测序奠定基础.方法:采用常规的碱裂解法从大肠杆菌重组质粒中提取质粒DNA,核酸检测仪测定提取质粒DNA产量和纯度,并用前期DDRT-PCR时采用的引物进行PCR验证性实验,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,并对电泳图谱加以分析和鉴定.结果:利用常规的碱裂解法提取重组质粒,通过酚和氯仿的抽提,可以有效地去除蛋白质杂质,用含有Rnase抑制剂的无菌水溶解质粒提取效果最好,得到的质粒DNA无RNA污染,纯度比较高,OD260/OD280比值介于1.8～2.0之间,OD260/OD230比值大于2.0,经PCR反应验证后与预计相符.结论:通过该方法获得的重组质粒纯度和浓度都比较高,且PCR验证与预计相一致,可以满足后续分子生物学实验的要求.     

鉴定水稻发芽种子成苗过程中耐盐性的NaCl琼脂固定法

相对于水培法和砂培法而言,NaCl琼脂固定法鉴定发芽水稻成苗过程中的耐盐性,能较维持NaCl浓度的相对稳定,利于直接观察幼苗的地上部形态和根系生长情况,以此法鉴定比较3个耐盐力不同水稻品种的幼苗株高,地上部干重,根长,根数及根干重的结果表明,不同耐盐力品种之间的这些指标有明显差异。     

结合通用引物快速简便鉴定阳性克隆的PCR方法

通用引物与载体多克隆住点两端序列互补,将目的片段构建入栽体pGEM-T Easy中,利用载体通用引物M13F和M13R结合片段特异引物进行菌液PCR反应.用PCR产物电泳结果来筛选阳性克隆并鉴定目的片段插入方向,同时能有效对短插入片段重组子进行筛选与鉴定.最终以DNA测序结果来验证,与测序结果一致,显示通用引物PCR方法对阳性克隆的筛选和鉴定优于传统酶切和普通PCR鉴定方法,能够弥补传统方法的不足,且简便快速,可作为筛选和鉴定阳性克隆的有效手段.     

利用热稳定蛋白特异条带鉴别籼粳稻的方法研究

以85份栽培稻为材料,利用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和蛋白免疫印迹技术分析籼稻和粳稻热稳定蛋白的表达差异.探讨利用特异蛋白来建立籼粳稻的鉴别方法.结果表明,在籼粳稻品种之间存在热稳定蛋白的差异表达,尤其在分子量约42～47kD范围.其中45.2kD条带(Band I)和46.5 kD(Band Ⅱ)条带为典型粳稻特异蛋白(Os03g0168100)的标志带,42.0kD条带(Band Ⅲ)为典型籼稻特异蛋白(OsI_10172)的标志带.以这3条带作为鏊别方法,并与程氏指数法进行比较,典型籼稻和粳稻的一致度分别为80.0%和86.4%,表明热稳定蛋白标志带法在一定程度上可用于鉴别典型的籼稻和粳稻.     

SLiCE体外组装方法的优化和应用

SLiCE(seamless ligation cloning extract)是一种利用细胞裂解物体外无痕组装DNA的方法。针对细胞裂解物来源、λ重组系统的表达及组装片段摩尔比例等方面对现有SLiCE方法进行优化。首先,排除了酿酒酵母和枯草芽孢杆菌的细胞裂解物在现阶段用于体外组装的可能性。同时,在大肠杆菌DH10B中导入L-阿拉伯糖诱导表达的λ重组系统,验证所构建的大肠杆菌的细胞裂解物可在体外拼接DNA片段,并将该种来源细胞裂解物用于后续组装。其次,设计并构建根据转化子颜色筛选阳性克隆的方法,并以该方法计算不同摩尔比例片段组装时的正确率。最后,使用优化过的SLiCE方法,成功组装可在酿酒酵母体内表达的黑色素合成模块。     

琼脂糖凝胶直接杂交快速鉴定低拷贝数转基因

采用常规的PCR方法检测低拷贝数转基因有一定困难.提出一种使用琼脂糖凝胶直接杂交的方法,结果明确、简单可行,是转基因动物中低拷贝数转基因鉴定的一种较好方法.     

Identifying Three Ecological Chemotypes of Xanthium strumarium Glandular Trichomes Using a Combined NMR and LC-MS Method

Xanthanolides, as the sesquiterpene lactones, are reportedly the major components for the pharmacological properties of X. strumarium L. species. Phytochemical studies indicated that the glandular structures on the surface of plant tissues would form the primary sites for the accumulation of this class of the compounds. As the interface between plants and their natural enemies, glandular trichomes may vary with respect to which of their chemicals are sequestered against different herbivores in different ecologies. However, to date, no data are available on the chemical characterisation of X. strumarium glandular cells. In this study, the trichome secretions of the X. strumarium species originating from nineteen unique areas across eleven provinces in China, were analysed by HPLC, LC-ESI-MS and NMR. For the first time three distinct chemotypes of X. strumarium glandular trichomes were discovered along with the qualitative and quantitative evaluations of their presence of xanthanolides; these were designated glandular cell Types I, II, and III, respectively. The main xanthanolides in Type I cells were 8-epi-xanthatin and xanthumin while no xanthatin was detected. Xanthatin, 8-epi-xanthatin, and xanthumin dominated in Type II cells with comparable levels of each being present. For Type III cells, significantly higher concentrations of 8-epi-xanthatin or xanthinosin (relative to xanthatin) were detected with xanthinosin only being observed in this type. Further research will focus on understanding the ecological and molecular mechanism causing these chemotype differences in X. strumarium glandular structures.     

Identifying key residues of sphinganine-1-phosphate lyase for function in vivo and in vitro

Sphinganine-1-phosphate lyase (Dpl1p) is a highly conserved enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism that catalyzes the irreversible degradation of sphingoid base phosphates, which are potent signaling molecules. Sphingoid base phosphates play a vital role in cell survival, proliferation, migration, heat stress, and cell wall integrity pathways. Little is known about the structure and regulation of Dpl1p. In this study, we have undertaken a combined computational modeling and mutagenesis approach for structure-function analysis of Dpl1p to discover possible modes of regulation. Our results identify important residues for catalysis in Dpl1p and confirm it as an integral endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein. Results further indicate that Dpl1p is most likely not regulated spatially. Importantly, we demonstrate that Dpl1p exists as an oligomer and that polar residues in its transmembrane domain are required for its full function in vivo but not for its localization or for its catalytic activity in vitro.     

牦牛CAV-3基因的克隆及其在牦牛和黄牛组织的表达分析

旨在对牦牛CAV-3基因进行克隆、生物信息学分析,并对其在牦牛组织中的表达规律进行初步研究。根据Gen Bank数据库中已知的黄牛CAV-3基因的m RNA序列并设计特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术克隆牦牛CAV-3基因的编码区。运用生物信息学方法,分析并预测牦牛Caveolin-3蛋白的理化性质、疏水性、蛋白结构域以及蛋白质二级结构。通过半定量PCR技术检测CAV-3基因m RNA在牦牛和黄牛各组织中的表达;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测牦牛和黄牛肌肉组织中CAV-3基因m RNA表达水平。牦牛CAV-3的编码区全长631 bp,共编码151个氨基酸。CAV-3在牦牛肺、脾脏、肾脏、肝脏、卵巢组织中均不表达,仅在心脏和肌肉组织中表达,且在心脏组织的表达水平高于肌肉组织,CAV-3基因在黄牛各组织中的表达结果与牦牛一致。CAV-3基因在牦牛肌肉中的表达低于黄牛肌肉组织,但差异不显著(P0.05)。     

Rapid Colony Screening Method for Identifying Hydrogenase Activity in Rhizobium japonicum

A method has been developed for the rapid screening of Rhizobium japonicum colonies for hydrogenase activity based on their ability to reduce methylene blue in the presence of respiratory inhibitors and hydrogen. Hydrogen uptake-positive (Hup⁺) colonies derepressed for hydrogenase activity were visualized by their localized decolorization of filter paper disks impregnated with the dye. Appropriate responses were seen with a number of Hup⁺ and Hup⁻ wild-type strains of R. japonicum as well as Hup⁻ mutants. Its specificity was further confirmed in selected strains on the basis of comparisons with chemolithotrophic growth and the presence of other genetic markers. Utilization of the method in identifying Hup⁺ colonies among 16,000 merodiploid derivatives of the Hup⁻ mutant strain PJ17nal containing cloned DNA fragments of the Hup⁺ strain 122 DES has demonstrated its applicability as a screening procedure in the genetic analysis of the R. japonicum hydrogen uptake system.