黑曲霉几丁质和壳聚糖的研究

通过正交试验确定黑曲霉的最佳培养条件。由培养的黑曲霉湿菌体制备几丁质,最经济的方法是电解法;制备壳聚糖则采用间歇提取法,所得干燥壳聚糖产品的壳聚糖含量为９２．２９％,游离氨基为９６．１１％,１％壳聚精的１％醋酸溶液运动粘度为５．３３ｘ１０^－６ｍ^２／ｓ,粘均分子是为８．０２４ｘ１０^４,灰分为９．２４％,产品得率为９．７２％,探讨了从柠檬酸厂废弃酸渣中分离黑曲霉菌丝体的方法,得率为３０％左右。     

綪纶纤维接枝改性后抗菌作用的实验观察

目的　观察经接枝改性后 FFA- 3和 FFS- 1纤维织物的抗菌作用。方法　采用容器振荡法 ,溶液为生理盐水 ,纤维含量为 2 .5 % ,受试菌接种量为 10 5～ 10 6 CFU/ml,作用 12 h。结果　 2种纤维中的大肠埃希菌存活菌数均为 0 ;葡萄球菌存活菌数分别是 1.0 2× 10 4和 4.16× 10 3CFU/m l。而对照纤维中 2种受试菌存活菌数分别为 1.6× 10 5 CFU/ml和 2 .99× 10 4CFU/m l。结论　 FFA- 3和 FFS- 1纤维织物有一定的抗菌作用     

己酸菌细胞分离及保活脱水技术的初步研究

对培养过程优化的基础上 ,利用絮凝技术将己酸菌细胞的 80 %以上从培养基中分离出来 ,其分离浓缩液的浓度达 8.0× 10 9cell/mL。菌体造型的粒径 0 .5mm× 1.0～ 2 .5mm ,在流化床上干燥 ,进气温度 6 5℃ ,出气温度 4 8℃ ,干菌体复活率达 85 %。     

微波辅助CDA酶法制备烹饪后龙虾壳聚糖及初步表征

本文主要研究开发烹饪后小龙虾壳聚糖的环保酶法制备方法。本研究采用超声辅助EDTA法提取烹饪后小龙虾壳甲壳素,所得甲壳素经乙醇浸泡和微波预处理后,采用CDA酶法制备壳聚糖;通过单因素试验选择最佳的微波功率、微波时间、加酶量、酶解温度、酶解时间,再利用正交试验优化酶法制备小龙虾壳聚糖的最佳工艺。结果表明:酶法制备壳聚糖的最佳条件为:80%乙醇浸泡甲壳素2 h,微波功率550 W,微波时间6 min,加酶量10%,酶解时间3 h,酶解温度45℃,在此条件下制备的壳聚糖脱乙酰度高达93.12%,黏度为96.8 m Pa·s,相对得率87.74%。该制备方法与传统碱法相比,具有无环境污染,产品性质稳定,高D.D的优势,为环境清洁型的小龙虾壳聚糖工业化生产打下基础,也顺应了未来经济发展趋势。     

Cecropin-X发酵过程中工程菌质粒稳定性的研究

通过连续斜面转接实验 (5 0次 )检测重组Cecropin X工程菌质粒的结构稳定性 ,采用 30L自动控制发酵罐观察不同培养基 ,有无选择压力和溶氧高低等培养条件对质粒分裂稳定性的影响。结果表明 ,该工程菌质粒具有结构稳定性和分裂不稳定性。当外源蛋白表达时 ,便会出现分裂不稳定性 ,表达量越高 ,质粒丢失情况越严重。经1 2h的培养 ,当采用TB和 2×LB作为发酵培养基时 ,带质粒的菌为 6 8 5 %和 98 0 % ,包涵体得率有很大差异 ,干重分别为 1 2 4和 0 4 0g L。发酵培养基中 (TB)氨苄青霉素浓度为 0和 1 0 0 μg mL时 ,带质粒的菌为 6 8 5 %和 92 0 % ,包涵体得率基本一致 ,干重分别为 1 2 4和 1 2 0g L。通过改变搅拌速度来调节溶氧量 ,当转速为 1 5 0和 2 5 0r min时 ,带质粒的菌为 6 8 5 %和 1 0 0 % ,包涵体得率有较大差异 ,干重分别为 1 2 4和 0 71g L。     

利用食品厂的废料发酵生产饲用微生物添加剂

利用枯草芽胞杆菌 ,以玉米废渣为原料发酵生产饲用微生物添加剂 ,结果发酵产品的活菌数为 1.76× 10 1 1 个 /kg,粗蛋白质含量为 5 2 % ,比原料的粗蛋白质含量提高了 2 8% ;用均匀设计的方法设计四种酵母菌混合发酵模式 ,以啤酒糟为原料 ,生产饲用微生物添加剂 ,结果四种酵母菌的最佳接种量比例为 :酿酒酵母 :红酵母 :热带假丝酵母 :白地霉 =5 :0 :0 :5 ;发酵产品的最高活菌数为 2 .77× 10 1 1个 /kg,最高粗蛋白含量为 6 2 .81%。     

HPLC法测定麻仁润肠丸大黄素、大黄酚的含量

采用KromacilC18(4 .6mm× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm)色谱柱 ,以甲醇 - 0 .1%磷酸溶液 (85∶15 )为流动相 ,流速为 1mL·min ,柱温为 30℃ ,检测波长为 2 5 4nm ,以外标法测定了麻仁润肠丸中大黄素、大黄酚的含量。大黄素在 8.992× 10 -3 ～ 116 .896× 10 -3 ,大黄酚在 2 1.376× 10 -3 ～ 2 77.85 8× 10 -3 范围内呈线性关系 ,其在制剂中的平均回收率 (n =6 )分别为 10 1.5 6 % (RSD =1.3% )、96 .78% (RSD =1.3% )。     

天蓝色链霉菌胞内蓝色素提取方法研究

对天蓝色链霉菌— 10 0胞内蓝色素提取方法进行了研究 ,结果表明碱提取法、SDS法、研磨法的色素提取得率分别为 90 2 %、95 2 %和 54 6 % ;酶水解法的色素提取得率 <30 % ;细胞在pH9缓冲液中自溶 ,浓度为 1/4原发酵浓度 ,4 0℃保温搅拌 4 8h ,色素提取得率为 33 8%。     

植酸酶基因在家蚕—杆状病毒表达系统中的表达及其酶学特性

将从黑曲霉菌株Aspergillusniger 96 3克隆并经改造后的植酸酶基因在昆虫 -杆状病毒表达系统中表达 ,SDS PAGE电泳检测蚕体和蛹的表达量分别达到 1.4 3g L血淋巴液和 1.90g L血淋巴液。酶活性测定结果表明 ,在蚕体和蛹的表达活性分别为 4 .6 7× 10 8u L血淋巴液和 5 .99× 10 8u L血淋巴液。该酶活性的最适温度范围为 5 0～6 0℃ ,最适pH值为 5 .5～ 5 .0和 2 .5。研究表明杆状病毒系统表达的植酸酶具有耐酸性和抗高温的特性 ,可以用于生产饲用植酸酶。     

鳜鱼(Sinipera chuatsi)鱼苗肠道微生态调节的研究

对鳜鱼鱼苗肠道菌进行好氧菌和兼性厌氧菌的分析鉴定 ,发现鳜苗肠道中存在哈夫尼亚菌属和气单胞菌属 ,其中哈夫尼亚菌属量为 4 .8× 10 6cfu/ g ,气单胞菌属量为 2 .4 3× 10 5cfu/ g。哈夫尼亚菌属和气单胞菌属的拮抗实验表明哈夫尼亚菌对气单胞菌的生长有一定的抑制作用。分别用哈夫尼亚菌、气单胞菌作饵料添加剂 ,前者将鱼苗成活率由 18%提高至 33%～ 4 0 % ,后者将鱼苗成活率由 18%降至 2 %～ 4 %。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.