太子参商品药材及其四倍体植株块根的高效液相指纹图谱

对不同产地太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax〕商品药材及其四倍体植株的块根进行了高效液相指纹图谱分析。结果表明,10个批次的不同产地太子参商品药材与经选育获得的6个株系太子参同源四倍体植株块根的HPLC-UV指纹图谱相似度较高,均在0.9以上。选取15个特征峰并大致判断其峰位和比例关系,构成太子参特有的HPLC色谱指纹图谱,为太子参药材鉴别、品质评价及优良品种的选育提供可靠依据。     

柘荣太子参HPLC指纹图谱的研究

建立太子参的 HPLC指纹图谱分析条件,为太子参药材内在质量评价积累数据.方法：应用RP-HPLC法;Cosmosil C18分析柱;乙腈-水二元梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL/in;检测波长203 nm;分析时间60 min.结果：建立太子参药材指纹图谱,特征共有峰有15个.结论：该方法准确可靠,重复性好,可用于太子参的HPLC的指纹图谱分析.     

南京老山地区孩儿参（太子参）居群变异体的形态学与生态学特征研究

孩儿参Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｔｅｌａｒｉａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌａ（Ｍｉｑ．）Ｐａｘ的块根系常用中药太子参。本文报道了野生于南京老山地区的孩儿参其植物形态特征与我国其他地区所产孩儿参差异较大,有些差异已超过了《中国植物志》等重要文献属种记载范围。对老山孩儿参居群变异体进行了形态特征描述,统计了其变异率,并提供了该居群的一些生境资料。本文不仅对研究我国太子参药用资源品系有重要的实用价值,而且对研究植物居群分化和该属种的演化与分类提供科学依据。     

不同种源太子参的RAPD分析

应用RAPD标记方法分析了15个太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.〕种源间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。10条随机引物共扩增出65条带,其中多态性条带37条,多态性条带百分率达56.9%。用聚类分析方法可将15个太子参种源分为4类;地理分布越近,太子参种源间的遗传差异越小。来源于安徽宣城的太子参种源遗传变异明显,辽宁凤城的野生太子参与山东地区的太子参栽培种源间的亲缘关系较近,与江苏各地太子参种源的亲缘关系则较远,这些种源均可作为育种材料。自然环境,尤其是生态环境的变化,对太子参的遗传变异有一定的影响。     

不同产区太子参的rDNA ITS区序列的比较

使用1对引物18SPl和26SP2对采自14个产区的太子参[Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq．)Pax ex Pax et Hoffm．]进行ITS基因的PCR扩增和测序。序列分析结果表明,14个产区太子参的ITSl片段长度为219—222bp,ITS2片段长度为235～236bp,5．8S片段长度为155—157bp.除江苏宜兴,江苏句容马梗,江苏南京老鹰山和江苏溧阳等4个产区的ITS序列碱基完全一致外,其他10个产区的ITS序列则有不同的变异,碱基变异数目(包括5．8S编码区)为1—17个。使用UPGMA法重建系统发生树,从分子生物学角度说明了它们的变异程度,为利用ITS区序列的差异鉴别不同产区的太子参提供了依据。     

太子参研究进展

本文综述了太子参的资源、化学成分、药理作用、栽培技术、病害种类及其防治的研究进展,为进一步开发利用太子参提供参考.     

滁菊的HPLC指纹图谱制作及其化学计量学分析

建立滁菊的HPLC指纹图谱,结合化学计量学手段对不同滁菊的指纹图谱进行分析研究,以期为滁菊的质量控制和产地追溯提供依据。采用HPLC法建立指纹图谱,并用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)和系统聚类、主成分分析2种化学计量学法对指纹图谱和特征峰进行分析。分析结果发现样品有27个共有峰,12个滁菊样品具有较高的相似度,杭菊与滁菊的相似度较差,聚类分析与主成分分析结果和相似度分析结果一致。将HPLC指纹图谱与化学计量学结合可对滁菊进行鉴别和质量评价,为其质量控制和追溯提供了理论参考。     

猫须草HPLC指纹图谱研究

为建立猫须草药材HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,采用高效液相色谱法,以Phenomenex Synergi 4u hydro-RP 250×4.60 mm为色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温40 ℃。结果表明,建立的猫须草药材HPLC指纹图谱,确定了15个共有峰,各猫须草样品指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱的相似度均在0.9以上。该方法简单、准确、重复性好,为更好地控制猫须草药材质量提供有效可靠的方法。     

胡黄连药材的指纹图谱研究

利用HPLC—DAD—MS法,研究胡黄连的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价及有效控制其质量提供可靠方法。采用C18色谱柱,甲醇-水（含0．1％的甲酸）梯度洗脱;流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长290nm;柱温为室温。对不同产地的胡黄连药材进行指纹图谱分析,通过HPLC—MS技术指认指纹图谱共有模式中共有峰的归属。比较5种产地胡黄连药材指纹图谱确定了16个共有峰,并指认了含量超过50％的胡黄连苷Ⅱ和苷Ⅰ。发现产地不同,其指纹图谱有差别。试验方法和结果具有较好的准确性和稳定性,可以为胡黄连药物研究提供参考资料,对胡黄连药材的质量评价具有重要的参考价值。     

高良姜等五味山姜属中药乙酸乙酯部位的HPLC指纹图谱

以95%乙醇作为提取的溶媒,将加热回流提取得到的提取液水浴挥干得到浸膏,并用甲醇配制成1 mg·m L~(-1)供试液。采用phenomenex-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L·min~(-1),柱温为30℃,检测波长为260 nm HPLC色谱法测定,采用国家药典委员会相似度评价软件进行分析。结果表明:建立了精密度、稳定性和重现性均较好的5味山姜属中药乙酸乙酯部位HPLC指纹图谱,确定了9个共有峰,6个强峰;其中高良姜、大高良姜含有5个共有峰,高良姜和草豆蔻含有3个共有峰,大高良姜和红豆蔻含有2个共有峰,高良姜和益智含有3个共有峰。对5味山姜属中药乙酸乙酯部位化学成分进行相似度分析,得出其相似度分别为0.955、0.805、0.371、0.794、0.345。所建立的5味山姜属中药乙酸乙酯部位的指纹图谱方法稳定、简便、可靠,其特征峰所代表的化学成分的相似性不尽相同,高良姜、大高良姜、草豆蔻的相似性较大,红豆蔻、益智的相似性较小,说明同基原中药之间的化学成分有一定的相关性。该研究结果为探讨山姜属中药亲缘关系与化学成分相关性提供了思路与基础。     

霜霉属二新种

本文报道霜霉属(Peronospora)新种二个:即寄生在石竹科植物异叶假繁缕(Pseudo stellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax.)上的假繁缕霜霉(P.pseudostellariae G. Y. Yin et Z.S.Yang)和寄生在荨麻科植物藪苧麻(Boehmeria japonica Miq.)上的苧麻霜霉(P.boehmeriae G.Y.Yin et Z.S.Yang)。文中有拉丁文及中文描述。标本保存于南京农业大学真菌标本室和中国科学院微生物所真菌标本室。     

Effectiveness of fine root fingerprinting as a tool to identify plants of the Alps: Results of a preliminary study

To identify plants of the Alps through analysis of their roots is currently extremely difficult when using traditional identification methods such as dichotomous keys and/or illustrated atlases. Besides genetic analysis, other analytical methods, such as chromatographic analysis, could also be useful for root identification. Chromatographic fingerprints of root extracts of six species (Betula pendula, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Fraxinus excelsior and Corylus avellana) were analyzed in order to understand whether these species have a chromatographic fingerprint that identifies them, and hence to ascertain whether they can be identified by applying the method of analysis presented below. One hundred and sixty-two root samples were collected in various areas of the Alps and subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Multivariate analysis techniques (e.g. cluster analysis) were employed for statistical analysis of chromatographic fingerprints. This study revealed that the chromatographic fingerprints of birch, spruce and larch samples were similar and that the method can therefore clearly identify the respective species. Instead, chromatographic fingerprint samples of beech, hazel and ash presented greater variability. Research proposals based on the results obtained in this study were also developed in order to implement and facilitate studies regarding plant roots.     

野生孩儿参块根及地上部分氨基酸含量的比较

对南京紫金山野生孩儿参(太子参)块根及地上部分(茎、叶、花、果)进行游离氨基酸含量的比较分析测定。研究结果表明太子参地上部分所含的氨基酸种类及总氨基酸含量基本上与传统药用部位块根相同。本文为研究太子参地上部分的医药保健价值及其产品开发提供科学依据     

5个太子参品系的微量元素分析研究

对江苏、山东、安徽、福建５个不同产地的太子参品系进行了镁、钙、锰、铁、钴、铜、锌、硒８种微量元素的测定,并绘制了各太子参品系的微量元素图谱。研究结果表明不同品系的太子参的微量元素含量不同。各品系的微量元素图谱有明显的差异性,特别是福建柘荣品系的微量元素图谱与其他品系的微量元素图谱相比较其差异性较大,但太子参各品系的微量元素图谱也存在一定的共性。     

芦荟的HPLC指纹图谱建立、化学模式识别分析及其含量测定

采用Phenomenex C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以甲醇-乙腈-0.3％磷酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立芦荟的指纹图谱.运用化学模式识别方法对不同产地芦荟药材质量控制方法进行评价.结果表明:12批芦荟HPLC指纹图谱共标定23个共有峰,并通过对照品指认其中6个成分;除了广西的3批药材之外,...     

不同品种玫瑰花药材的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立中药玫瑰花的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供可靠的方法。方法:用HPLC-UV方法测定了11份玫瑰花样品,采用中国药典委员会颁布的"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价"2004A系统建立了玫瑰花药材指纹图谱,并进行相似度评价和聚类分析。结果:11份玫瑰花样品的HPLC指纹图谱有18个共有峰,有10份样品相似度都在0.8以上,聚类分析时归为一类。结论:建立了玫瑰花不同品种的HPLC指纹图谱,并比较了其之间的差异,该方法稳定、可靠、精密度高、重复性好,可为中药玫瑰花的质量评价体系的建立提供科学依据。     

罗汉果祛痰作用谱效关系研究

为了研究罗汉果祛痰作用与活性成分的相关性,该研究首先测定了19批罗汉果提取物高效液相(HPLC)指纹图谱和小鼠气管酚红排泌量,找出了指纹图谱共有峰,采用灰色关联度法确定各共有峰对祛痰效果贡献度,利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)得出了各共有峰的正负相关及贡献度。结果表明:共有峰为14个,其中关联度在0.8以上的有12个峰(正相关峰为3、11、12、13号峰,负相关峰为1、2、4-10、14号峰);11、12号峰分别为氧化罗汉果苷Ⅴ和罗汉果苷Ⅴ。因此,罗汉果祛痰作用不是单一成分起作用,而是多种成分综合作用的结果。其中,氧化罗汉果苷Ⅴ和罗汉果苷Ⅴ有祛痰作用,贡献率较大。     

紫花地丁HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立紫花地丁药材HPLC指纹图谱,提供药材质量控制的可靠方法。方法:采用HPLC方法,以Agi-lent C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇-0.5%醋酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱;检测波长353 nm,流速1.0mL/min。结果:检测了12批不同来源的紫花地丁药材,确立了18个共有峰,建立了紫花地丁对照指纹图谱,计算各被测样品的HPLC指纹图谱的整体相似度,并指认了菊苣苷、七叶内酯、东莨菪素、早开堇菜苷4个特征峰,比较了上述成分在不同药材中的含量。结论:所建立的指纹图谱具有良好的精密度、重现性和稳定性,可作为紫花地丁药材质量控制标准。     

Chemical fingerprint analysis of rhizomes of Gymnadenia conopsea by HPLC-DAD-MSn

A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS(n)) method has been firstly developed for chemical fingerprint analysis of rhizomes of Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br. and rapid identification of major compounds in the fingerprints. Comparing the UV and MS spectra with those of reference compounds, seven main peaks in the fingerprints were identified as adenosine (1), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (2), 4-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde (3), dactylorhin B (4), loroglossin (5), dactylorhin A (6) and militarine (7). Compounds 4-7 were succinate derivative esters and firstly discovered from this species. The Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation System (CASES) for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine was employed to evaluate the similarities of 10 samples of the rhizomes of G. conopsea collected from Sichuan, Qinghai and Hebei provinces, Tibet autonomous region of China, and Nepal. These samples from different sources had similar chemical fingerprints. This method is specific and may serve for quality identification and comprehensive evaluation of this traditional Tibetan remedy.     

Prediction and interpretation of the antioxidant capacity of green tea from dissimilar chromatographic fingerprints

Previously, multivariate calibration techniques have been successfully applied to model and predict the antioxidant activity of green tea from its chromatographic fingerprint. Since the selectivity differences between dissimilar chromatographic systems have already been valuably used in several applications, in this paper it is studied whether combining the complementary information contained in two dissimilar fingerprints can improve the predictive capacity of the multivariate calibration model. The simplest way of combining the data is concatenating both fingerprints for each sample. The resulting matrix can then be subjected to Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures (O-PLS). Unfortunately, this approach resulted in a more complex model with a prediction error of about the average of the errors obtained with the individual fingerprints. Secondly, only the peaks with high loading and low orthogonal loading from both chromatograms were included in the O-PLS model. This resulted in a reduced complexity, but not in better predictions, probably due to a lack of complementarity of the information concerning the antioxidant capacity. Finally, the concatenated fingerprints were subjected to stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) in order to build a model based on the variables most correlated with the antioxidant capacity. The obtained prediction error was lower than those of both previous approaches, but still higher than the error of the model based on a single analysis. This is probably again caused by a lack of complementarity in the variables. Nevertheless, it was advantageous to develop fingerprints on dissimilar system, because it enables to choose the most suited chromatographic profile to build a multivariate calibration model for the considered purpose. In contrast to what was expected, the study showed that the most simple (so the worst separated) fingerprints resulted in the best predictions. On the other hand, a more complex fingerprint in which more compounds are separated is still important to improve the interpretability of the model.