葡萄糖异构酶高产菌株的诱变选育

葡萄糖异构酶产生菌链霉菌B6经紫外线、亚硝基胍等诱变处理,经反复筛选获得T208变异株。测定了该菌产酶的适宜生长条件。该菌株比出发菌株酶活力提高2.75倍,可达550u/mol.该菌菌丝粗壮,易培养,有利于工业化生产。     

复合诱变选育林肯霉素高产菌株

以林肯链霉菌9502(Streptomyces lincolnensis9502)为出发菌株,进行NTG诱变处理,并用高效的琼脂块培养法对菌株进行筛选,得到产林肯霉素相对效价提高35.4%的变异株9502-7。对9502-7菌株孢子采用紫外线处理,得到变异高产菌株9502-7-12,其相对效价较出发菌株提高50%以上。     

霉酚酸高产菌株短密青霉菌SA-2的选育

为选育出霉酚酸（mycophenolic acid,MPA）发酵生产的优良菌株,以产霉酚酸的短密青霉菌（Penicillium brevicompactum）S-225菌株作为原始菌株,利用甲基磺酸乙酯（ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS）、紫外诱变（ultraviolet,UV）和常压室温等离子体诱变（atmospheric room temperature plasma,ARTP）叠加诱变的方法,选育出1株遗传稳定、且对Cu2+耐受性强的菌株SA-2,其10 t中试霉酚酸发酵效价达到8 458 mg/L,比原始菌株提高了137.3%,且其200 t发酵生产效价达到了8 769 mg/L。该研究结果对霉酚酸工业化发酵生产具有重要意义。     

复合诱变和抗性筛选利迪链菌素高产菌株

为解决利迪链霉菌生产能力低的问题,以Streptomyces lydicus AS4.2501-P28为出发菌株,应用紫外和吖啶橙诱变,结合抗生素的抗性筛选,得到稳定高产的S.lydicus AS4.2501-L8,发酵水平达到177.0μg/mL,较出发菌株提高了96.2%。     

复合诱变和抗性筛选利迪链菌素高产菌株

为解决利迪链霉菌生产能力低的问题,以Streptomyces lydicus AS 4.2501-P28为出发菌株,应用紫外和吖啶橙诱变,结合抗生素的抗性筛选,得到稳定高产的S. lydicus AS 4.2501-L8,发酵水平达到177.0 μg/mL,较出发菌株提高了96.2%。     

链霉菌次级代谢产物高产菌株的构建策略

随着基因测序技术的发展,人类获得了大量有关链霉菌次级代谢产物合成基因簇的信息,通过合理的构建策略可以激活其中的隐性基因簇或提高基因簇的表达水平,从而获得新的链霉菌次级代谢产物,或显著提高已知次级代谢产物的发酵水平。从基因表达调控、转座子突变、合成生物学方法、组学方法等四个方面,综述了提高链霉菌次级代谢产物产量的构建策略及其研究进展。     

一株丁二酸高产菌株的筛选与选育

旨在提高丁二酸发酵生产水平,通过初筛、复筛从土壤中分离得到了高产丁二酸菌株,发酵结束后利用高效液相色谱法检测丁二酸的产率为34.45%。对菌株进行紫外诱变选育,结果表明,在底物葡萄糖的浓度为100 g/L时,丁二酸的产率提高了46%,达到了50.30%,残糖低于10 g/L。经形态学特征、生理生化指标测定以及16S r DNA序列分析等,鉴定该菌株为放线杆菌。     

阿维菌素高产菌株的选育及阿维菌素B1的鉴定

自阿维链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ａｖｅｒｍｉｔｉｌｉｓ ＡＴＣＣ３１２７２）中分离出了３种不同类型的菌株,其中只有产灰色了的菌株能产生阿维菌素（Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎｓ）,摇瓶发醇单位约１００μｇ／ｍＬ。从其菌丝体中提取纯化了阿维菌素Ｂ１晶体,其紫外吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱、核磁共振谱Ｈ－ＮＭＲ和＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ）和质与国外报道的一致。Ｓａ－７６菌株又经２次亚硝基胍诱变,筛选出发酵单位２０００     

尼日利亚菌素高产菌株的选育

通过对致死率和正负突变率的测定,确定了紫外线、亚硝酸、紫外线加吖啶橙3种诱变方式对吸水链霉菌NND-52的29号菌株进行诱变处理的合适剂量,并采用复合诱变得到了一株脱葡萄糖阻遏的高产菌株A19,其尼日利亚菌素的摇瓶产量比出发菌株提高了128％。传代结果表明,在传代的同时结合自然分离,可以保持稳定的产抗特性。     

花生四烯酸高产菌株的选育

本研究以一株能产生花生四烯酸的被孢霉菌为出发菌株,通过紫外线诱变筛选出一株高产花生四烯酸的突变株Ｍ１０,发酵试验结果表明：突变株Ｍ１０的每升培养液中干菌体得率为３１ｇ,油脂含量为８．３ｇ,而原菌株仅为２０．３ｇ和５．４ｇ,气相色谱分析结果Ｍ１０所产花生四烯酸的量占总脂的１０．０６％（０．８３ｇ／Ｌ培养液）。同时对Ｍ１０菌株的生长和发酵特性及发酵过程中菌丝体形态变化作了一定的探讨。     

Production of tylosin in solid-state fermentation by Streptomyces fradiae NRRL-2702 and its gamma-irradiated mutant (γ-1)

Aims:  To develop solid-state fermentation system (SSF) for hyper production of tylosin from a mutant γ-1 of Streptomyces fradiae NRRL-2702 and its parent strain.
Methods and Results:  Various agro-industrial wastes were screened to study their effect on tylosin production in SSF. Wheat bran as solid substrate gave the highest production of 2500 μg of tylosin g⁻¹ substrate by mutant γ-1 against parent strain (300 μg tylosin g⁻¹ substrate). The tylosin yield was further improved to 4500 μg g⁻¹ substrate [70% moisture, 10% inoculum (v/w), pH 9·2, 30°C, supplemental lactose and sodium glutamate on day 9]. Wild-type strain displayed less production of tylosin (655 μg of tylosin g⁻¹ substrate) in SSF even after optimization of process parameters.
Conclusion:  The study has shown that solid-state fermentation system significantly enhanced the tylosin yield by mutant γ-1.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  This study proved to be very useful and resulted in 6·87 ± 0·30-fold increase in tylosin yield by this mutant when compared to that of wild-type strain.     

Influence of dimethylsulfoxide on tylosin production in Streptomyces fradiae

The polyketide aglycone, tylactone (protylonolide), does not normally accumulate during tylosin production in Streptomyces fradiae, suggesting that the capacity of the organism to glycosylate tylactone exceeds the capacity for polyketide synthesis. Consistent with this model, tylosin yields were significantly increased (due to bioconversion of the added material) when exogenous tylactone was added to fermentations. However, tylosin yield improvements were also observed (albeit at lower levels) in solvent controls to which dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was added. At least in part, the latter effect resulted from stimulation of polyketide metabolism by DMSO. This was revealed when the solvent was added to fermentations containing the tylA mutant, S. fradiae GS14, which normally accumulates copious quantities of tylactone. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 27, 46–51. Received 18 March 2001/ Accepted in revised form 29 May 2001     

The mycinose-biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces fradiae, producer of tylosin

The tylE-J region of the tylosin-biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces fradiae contains six open reading frames. The products of tylJ and tylD are nucleoside diphospho (NDP)-deoxyhexose 3-epimerase and NDP-deoxyhexose 4-ketoreductase, respectively, involved in the synthesis of NDP-6-deoxyallose from NDP-4-keto, 6-deoxyglucose. After incorporation of deoxyallose at C23-OH of the polyketide lactone, tylosin biosynthesis is completed by the products of tylE and tylF, which convert the deoxyallosyl moiety to mycinose via bis-O-methylation at 2-OH and 3-OH, respectively. Hydroxylation of the polyketide lactone at C23 is catalysed by the cytochrome P450 enzyme, TylHl. The product of tylHll is a ferredoxin of unknown specificity that could conceivably act together with TylHl. Received 17 March 1999/ Accepted in revised form 20 June 1999     

提高Lovastatin产生菌生物合成能力的研究

用微波等离子体(N^ 20w,4win)诱变M．ruber,筛选到一株高产菌株,再经过发酵工艺优化,最终Lovastaitin的发酵产率提高21．8％。     

Change in colony morphology and kinetics of tylosin production after UV and gamma irradiation mutagenesis of Streptomyces fradiae NRRL-2702

Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic used as veterinary drug and growth promoter. Attempts were made for hyper production of tylosin by a strain of Streptomyces fradiae NRRL-2702 through irradiation mutagenesis. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of wild-type strain caused development of six morphologically altered colony types on agar plates. After screening using Bacillus subtilis bioassay only morphological mutants indicated the production of tylosin. An increase of 2.7±0.22-fold in tylosin production (1500 mg/l) in case of mutant UV-2 in complex medium was achieved as compared to wild-type strain (550 mg/l). Gamma irradiation of mutant UV-2 using ⁶⁰Co gave one morphologically altered colony type γ-1, which gave 2500 mg/l tylosin yield in complex medium. Chemically defined media promoted tylosin production upto 3800 mg/l. Maximum value of q_p (3.34 mg/gh) was observed by mutant γ-1 as compared to wild strain (0.81 mg/gh). Moreover, UV irradiation associated changes were unstable with loss of tylosin activity whereas mutant γ-1 displayed high stability on subsequent culturing.     

阿维菌素B1a组分高产菌株的定向选育

以阿维链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)1-17为出发菌株,分别使用紫外线及亚硝基胍并结合L-异亮氨酸诱导手段进行诱变处理,得到AVMB1a组分摇瓶发酵水平较出发菌株提高12.86%的突变株3-6.传代实验表明该菌株的高产性能稳定.结果表明,采用UV、NTG诱变结合L-Ile诱导的手段可以获得B1a组分显著提高的菌株.     

空间选育毒三素链霉菌(Streptomyces toxytricini)

本文首次报导毒三素链霉菌(Streptomyces toxytricini)空间育种的研究结果,曾有摇瓶发酵单位提高19．2％的高产株获得。     

Feather degradation with a thermotolerant Streptomyces graminofaciens strain

A thermotolerant Streptomyces graminofaciens was isolated which could digest chicken feather at 40 C very efficiently. The majority of the fragments produced during feather digestion was in the range of colloid particles or even smaller. The maximum amount of feather in the medium which could be digested in 1 week in submerged culture was 10%. The procedure did not require previous mechanical disruption of the feather which makes the application fast and easy.