Germanium vs Silicon: All‐dielectric nanoparticles provides the heat resistance for proteins under light‐induced heating. Further details can be found in the article by Andrei A. Krasilin et al. ( e201700322 )
The picture depicts the different 3d‐printed organs, thorax, lungs, heart and bone. Assembled it is used as an optical phantom of a preterm infant for performing percutaneous optical measurements of the gas content in the lungs. In order to simulate the optical properties of the tissue, the heart and thorax can be filled with liquid phantoms, a mixture of Intralipid and Indian Ink. Further details can be found in the article by Jim Larsson et al. ( e201700097 ).
We disclose a theranostic device for performing image‐guided riboflavin/UV‐A corneal cross‐linking. The device determines treatment efficacy by real time monitoring of riboflavin concentration in the corneal stroma. The study shows efficacy of the device in eye bank human donor tissues. Further details can be found in the article by Giuseppe Lombardo et al. ( e201800028 )
Optical coherence tomography through an implanted dorsal imaging window allows for prolonged in vivo structural and functional assessment of the mouse oviduct (Fallopian tube), including threedimensional structural imaging, quantitative measurements of the smooth muscle contraction, and mapping of cilia beat frequency. This method brings new opportunities for live studies and longitudinal analyses of mouse reproductive events in the native context. Further details can be found in the article by Shang Wang et al. ( e201700316 ).
Raman images were used to study the effect of the contaminant chlorpyriphos‐oxon on zebrafish eye samples. Multivariate Curve Resolution‐Alternating Least Squares (MCR‐ALS) was used to obtain the distribution maps and spectral signatures of biological components present in the images analyzed. The use of MCRALS spectral signatures as starting information for Partial Least Squares‐Discriminant Analysis allowed statistical assessment of the effect of the contaminant at a specific tissue level. Further details can be found in the article by Víctor Olmos et al. ( e201700089 ).
Full‐field functional optical hemocytometer (FFOH), based on the absorption intensity fluctuation modulation (AIFM) effect, is in vivo label‐free image method for capillaries of near‐transparent live biological specimens. FFOH can provide a flow video, flow velocity measurement and RBC count, simultaneously. The zebrafish experimental result shows the potential to study the physiological mechanisms of the blood circulation systems. Further details can be found in the article by Fuli Zhang et al. ( e201700039 )
Protein secondary structural alteration in the serum sample as induced by colitis has been demonstrated via the spectral fitting. Using DSS mouse models of acute colitis and IL10‐/‐ for chronic colitis, a significant difference in the integral ratio of Gaussian energy bands representing α‐helix and β‐pleated sheet structures were obtained. Further details can be found in the article by Jitto Titus et al. ( e201700057 ).
In vivo multiphoton imaging was used to map changes in hepatobiliary metabolism in liver fibrosis (left column) and hepatocellular carcinoma (right column). The top row shows the maps of kinetic rate constant of the uptake and esterase processing while the bottom row shows that of bile canalicular excretion of xenobiotics. Further details can be found in the article by Chih‐Ju Lin, Sheng‐Lin Lee, Wei‐Hsiang Wang, et al. ( e201700338 ).
The biomaterial distribution and its molecular mechanism of embryonic development in Japanese medaka fish were visualized without staining using high‐speed near‐infrared imaging. It was a remarkable achievement to visualize the structures of eyes, lipid bilayer membranes, micelles, and water structural variations at the interface of different substances. Furthermore, insights on lipid metabolism and membrane functions were obtained from the biased distribution of lipoproteins and the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the egg membrane. Further details can be found in the article by Mika Ishigaki ( e201700115 )
We present a hybrid dual‐wavelength optoacoustic and ultrasound bio‐microscope capable of rapid transcranial visualization of morphology and oxygenation status of large‐scale cerebral vascular networks. Imaging of entire cortical vasculature in mice is achieved with single capillary resolution and complemented by simultaneously acquired pulse‐echo ultrasound microscopy scans of the mouse skull. The new approach holds potential to facilitate studies into neurological and vascular abnormalities of the brain. Further details can be found in the article by Johannes Rebling, Héctor Estrada, Sven Gottschalk, et al. ( e201800057 ).
Nanoscopy enables breaking down the light diffraction limit and reveals the nanostructures of objects being studied using light. In 2014, three scientists pioneered the development of nanoscopy and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This recognized the achievement of the past twenty years in the field of nanoscopy. However, fluorescent probes used in the field of nanoscopy are still numbered. Here, we review the currently available four categories of probes and existing methods to improve the performance of probes.
Eu3+integrated photoluminescence intensity ratio (PLIR) approach for optical detection of lactates in blood serum, plasma and confocal imaging of brain tissues has very high potential for exploitation of this technique in both in vitro monitoring and in vivo bioimaging applications for the detection of biomarkers in various diseases states. This image is diagrammatic representation of fact that the overall PLIR is higher with more lactates conjugated with Eu3+ ions. Further details can be found in the article by Tarun Kakkar et al. ( e201700199 ).
Congenital cardiovascular defects are the leading cause of birth defect related death. It has been hypothesized that fluid mechanical forces of embryonic blood flow affect cardiovascular development and play a role in congenital malformations. Studies in small animal embryos can improve our understanding of congenital malformations and can lead to better treatment. We present a feasibility study in which high‐resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are combined to provide quantitative analysis of the embryonic flow mechanics and the associated anatomy in a small animal model.
Dehydration of bacterial cells elicits cellular stress responses in bacteria. Microencapsulation has been used to protect cells against the environmental stress. In this study, Confocal Raman Spectroscopy was used to examine DNA changes in the chemical composition of non‐encapsulated and microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and the reversibility of these changes upon freeze drying and rehydration. The viability of cells upon freeze drying was also enumerated using culture methods and membrane integrity was measured using BacLight Live/Dead staining. Raman analyses show changes in the spectral features associated with various biochemical compounds, which are interpreted as the result of detrimental freeze drying effects on the bacterial cells. Specifically, analyses based on Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of Raman spectra, confirm that microencapsulation protects cells from environmental stress. The results also reveal a B‐ to A‐like DNA conformation change in dormant cells that provided insights into the extent of reversibility of this transition upon rehydration. The extent of this reversibility is less in non‐encapsulated than in microencapsulated cells. These findings indicate the potential application of Raman spectroscopy in rapid sensing of microbial dehydration stress responses.
Tissue autofluorescence provides fluorescence lifetime contrast between acellular tissue and that containing newly seeded cells. Fiber‐based fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) can be used for tracking recellularization of engineered vascular grafts and potential matrix remodeling at large scale, without compromising sample integrity. FLIm cellular contrast was verified in a subset of samples seeded with eGFP‐labelled cells. Results suggests fiberbased FLIm is a suitable tool for monitoring recellularization of engineered tissue nondestructively. Further details can be found in the article by Alba Alfonso‐Garcia, Jeny Shklover, Benjamin E. Sherlock, et al. ( e201700391 ).
Sensitive Escherichia coli detection based on a T4 bacteriophageimmobilized multimode microfiber is proposed and demonstrated in this article. Different modes are excited and guided in the microfiber as evanescent field that can interact with surrounding E. coli directly. The change of E. coli concentration and corresponding binding of E. coli on microfiber surface will lead to the shift of optical spectrum, which can be exploited for the application of biosensing. Further details can be found in the article by Yanpeng Li, Hui Ma, Lin Gan, et al. ( e201800012 ).
The internalization kinetics and intracellular spatial distribution of functionalized diatomite nanoparticles in human lung epidermoid carcinoma cell line have been investigated by confocal fluorescence and Raman microscopy. In this context, Raman imaging due to its non‐destructive, chemically selective and label‐free working principle provides evidence that the nanovectors are internalized and co‐localize with lipid environments, suggesting an endocytic internalisation route. Nanoparticle uptakes and intracellular persistence are observed up to 72 hours, without damage to cell viability or morphology. Further details can be found in the article by Stefano Managò et al. ( e201700207 )
A new type of high‐throughput imaging flow cytometer (>20 000 cells s‐1) based upon an all‐optical ultrafast laser‐scanning imaging technique, called free‐space angular‐chirp‐enhanced delay (FACED) is reported. FACED imaging flow cytometers enables high‐throughput visualization of functional morphology of individual cells with subcellular resolution. It critically empowers largescale and deep characterization of single cells and their heterogeneity with high statistical power— an ability to become increasingly critical in single‐cell analysis adopted in a wide range of biomedical and life‐science applications. Further details can be found in the article by Wenwei Yan et al. ( e201700178 )
SECTR is a novel multimodal imaging platform for combined volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) and en face spectrally encoded reflectometry (SER). The authors demonstrate three‐dimensional motion‐tracking with millisecond temporal and micron spatial resolution using complementary data from OCT and SER, and preliminary algorithms and results showing real‐time image aiming and multi‐volumetric mosaicking for reconstruction of wide‐field composites. The image shows a noninvasively imaged nine‐field mosaic of in vivo human retina and depth‐resolved visualization of tissue microstructures. Further details can be found in the article by Mohamed T. El‐Haddad, Ivan Bozic, and Yuankai K. Tao ( e201700268 )
A plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR) sensor is proposed for studying the interaction between gold nanoparticles and proteins. The ability of the PWR sensor to operate in both TM and TE Polarizations, i.e. its polarization diversity, facilitates the simultaneous spectroscopy of the nanoparticles surface reactions using both polarizations. The response of each polarization to streptavidin‐biotin binding at the surface of gold nanoparticles is investigated in real time. Finally, using the principles of multimode spectroscopy, the nanoparticle's surface reactions are decoupled from the bulk solution refractive index variations.
Schematic diagram of the NP‐modified PWR sensor 相似文献
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