We present a hybrid dual‐wavelength optoacoustic and ultrasound bio‐microscope capable of rapid transcranial visualization of morphology and oxygenation status of large‐scale cerebral vascular networks. Imaging of entire cortical vasculature in mice is achieved with single capillary resolution and complemented by simultaneously acquired pulse‐echo ultrasound microscopy scans of the mouse skull. The new approach holds potential to facilitate studies into neurological and vascular abnormalities of the brain. Further details can be found in the article by Johannes Rebling, Héctor Estrada, Sven Gottschalk, et al. ( e201800057 ).
Clinical cancer treatment aims to target all cell subpopulations within a tumor. Autofluorescence microscopy of the metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD has shown sensitivity to anti‐cancer treatment response. Alternatively, flow cytometry is attractive for high throughput analysis and flow sorting. This study measures cellular autofluorescence in three flow cytometry channels and applies cellular autofluorescence to sort a heterogeneous mixture of breast cancer cells into subpopulations enriched for each phenotype. Sorted cells were grown in culture and sorting was validated by morphology, autofluorescence microscopy, and receptor expression. Ultimately, this method could be applied to improve drug development and personalized treatment planning.
Tissue autofluorescence provides fluorescence lifetime contrast between acellular tissue and that containing newly seeded cells. Fiber‐based fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) can be used for tracking recellularization of engineered vascular grafts and potential matrix remodeling at large scale, without compromising sample integrity. FLIm cellular contrast was verified in a subset of samples seeded with eGFP‐labelled cells. Results suggests fiberbased FLIm is a suitable tool for monitoring recellularization of engineered tissue nondestructively. Further details can be found in the article by Alba Alfonso‐Garcia, Jeny Shklover, Benjamin E. Sherlock, et al. ( e201700391 ).
Trans‐scleral iontophoresis device was shown to be effective for in‐situ delivery of lutein to the retina of human donor eyes. After treatment, Resonance Raman Spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that lutein greatly enriched the inner sclera, choroid and retina. Clinical studies are going to prove if the methodology would be a valuable approach to enrich the human macular pigment and prevent local oxidative damage in patients at risk of AMD progression. Further details can be found in the article by Marco Lombardo et al. ( e201700095 ).
Third Harmonic Generation (THG) microscopy as a non‐invasive, label free imaging methodology, allows linkage of lipid profiles with various breast cancer cells. The collected THG signal arise mostly from the lipid droplets and the membrane lipid bilayer. Quantification of THG signal can accurately distinguish HER2‐positive cells. Further analysis using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra reveals cancer‐specific profiles, correlating lipid raft‐corresponding spectra to THG signal, associating thus THG to chemical information.
Germanium vs Silicon: All‐dielectric nanoparticles provides the heat resistance for proteins under light‐induced heating. Further details can be found in the article by Andrei A. Krasilin et al. ( e201700322 )
An integrated 4‐modality endoscopy system combining white light imaging, autofluorescence imaging, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy technologies was developed for in vivo endoscopic nasopharyngeal cancer detection. Both high diagnostic sensitivity (98.6%) and high specificity (95.1%) for differentiating cancer from normal tissue sites were achieved using this system combined with multivariate diagnostic algorithm, demonstrating great potential for improving real‐time, in vivo diagnosis of cancer at endoscopy. Further details can be found in the article by Duo Lin et al. ( e201700251 )
A hyperspectral image data cube acquired from HEK‐293 cells labeled with cytoplasmic and nuclear stains: Calcein Green and NucBlu. The top view (XY plane) displays three spectrally unmixed channels for cellular autofluorescence (red), Calcein Green (green), and NucBlue (blue). The Z axis shows spectral information, from low to high wavelength. The article by Leavesley and colleagues describes an approach for calculating the sensitivity of spectral imaging assays for detecting a fluorescence signature within a mix of other signatures or autofluorescence. Further details can be found in the article by Silas J. Leavesley et al. ( e201600227 ).
Protein secondary structural alteration in the serum sample as induced by colitis has been demonstrated via the spectral fitting. Using DSS mouse models of acute colitis and IL10‐/‐ for chronic colitis, a significant difference in the integral ratio of Gaussian energy bands representing α‐helix and β‐pleated sheet structures were obtained. Further details can be found in the article by Jitto Titus et al. ( e201700057 ).
Two‐photon microscopy is the tool of choice for fluorescence imaging of deep tissues with high resolution, but can be limited in three‐dimensional acquisition speed and penetration depth. In this work, these issues are addressed by using an acoustic optofluidic lens capable of ultrafast beam shaping on a pixel basis. Driving the lens with different phase profiles enables high‐speed volumetric imaging, or enhanced signal‐to‐background for deeper penetration. Further details can be found in the article by Simonluca Piazza et al. ( e201700050 )
The cover shows the image enhancement of biological tissues provided by the Indices of Polarimetric Purity (IPPs). By measuring the Mueller matrix of a biological sample, using an imaging polarimeter, the IPPs are calculated. They are polarimetric indicators providing further synthetization of depolarizing samples and leading to enhanced image contrast for some biological structures. Once the IPPs are calculated, a pseudo‐colouring technique is applied for higher visualization. Further details can be found in the article by Albert Van Eeckhout et al. ( e201700189 )
We disclose a theranostic device for performing image‐guided riboflavin/UV‐A corneal cross‐linking. The device determines treatment efficacy by real time monitoring of riboflavin concentration in the corneal stroma. The study shows efficacy of the device in eye bank human donor tissues. Further details can be found in the article by Giuseppe Lombardo et al. ( e201800028 )
Based on multicolor quantum dots (QDs) labeling, the joint tagging assisted super‐resolution radial fluctuation (JT‐SRRF) nanoscopy achieves high‐fidelity super‐resolution imaging of subcellular microtubules and fast live‐cell parallel tracking of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) induced lipid clusters spatially distributed below the optical diffraction limit. This method paves the way for fast high‐density parallel tracking, which is especially beneficial for the investigation of the intensive dynamics in live‐cell applications. Further details can be found in the article by Zhiping Zeng, Jing Ma, Peng Xi, and Canhua Xu ( e201800020 ).
Optical coherence tomography through an implanted dorsal imaging window allows for prolonged in vivo structural and functional assessment of the mouse oviduct (Fallopian tube), including threedimensional structural imaging, quantitative measurements of the smooth muscle contraction, and mapping of cilia beat frequency. This method brings new opportunities for live studies and longitudinal analyses of mouse reproductive events in the native context. Further details can be found in the article by Shang Wang et al. ( e201700316 ).
SECTR is a novel multimodal imaging platform for combined volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) and en face spectrally encoded reflectometry (SER). The authors demonstrate three‐dimensional motion‐tracking with millisecond temporal and micron spatial resolution using complementary data from OCT and SER, and preliminary algorithms and results showing real‐time image aiming and multi‐volumetric mosaicking for reconstruction of wide‐field composites. The image shows a noninvasively imaged nine‐field mosaic of in vivo human retina and depth‐resolved visualization of tissue microstructures. Further details can be found in the article by Mohamed T. El‐Haddad, Ivan Bozic, and Yuankai K. Tao ( e201700268 )
A label‐free interferometric transducer showing a theoretical detection limit for homogeneous sensing of 5 × 10–8 RIU, being equivalent to a protein mass coverage resolution of 2.8 fg mm–2, is used to develop a high sensitive biosensor for protein detection. The extreme sensitivity of this transducer combined with a selective bioreceptor layer enables the direct evaluation of the human growth hormone (hGH) in undiluted urine matrix in the 10 pg mL–1 range.
The picture depicts the different 3d‐printed organs, thorax, lungs, heart and bone. Assembled it is used as an optical phantom of a preterm infant for performing percutaneous optical measurements of the gas content in the lungs. In order to simulate the optical properties of the tissue, the heart and thorax can be filled with liquid phantoms, a mixture of Intralipid and Indian Ink. Further details can be found in the article by Jim Larsson et al. ( e201700097 ).
Full‐field functional optical hemocytometer (FFOH), based on the absorption intensity fluctuation modulation (AIFM) effect, is in vivo label‐free image method for capillaries of near‐transparent live biological specimens. FFOH can provide a flow video, flow velocity measurement and RBC count, simultaneously. The zebrafish experimental result shows the potential to study the physiological mechanisms of the blood circulation systems. Further details can be found in the article by Fuli Zhang et al. ( e201700039 )
In vivo multiphoton imaging was used to map changes in hepatobiliary metabolism in liver fibrosis (left column) and hepatocellular carcinoma (right column). The top row shows the maps of kinetic rate constant of the uptake and esterase processing while the bottom row shows that of bile canalicular excretion of xenobiotics. Further details can be found in the article by Chih‐Ju Lin, Sheng‐Lin Lee, Wei‐Hsiang Wang, et al. ( e201700338 ).
Quantitative laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is successfully used for in‐vitro analysis of early stage calcification in aortic valvular interstitial cells (VICs). LIBS results indicate 5‐fold improvement in the detection limit of calcium deposition in VICs over cell histology techniques involving staining and colorimetric calcium assays. These results can establish LIBS at the forefront of early detection of calcification in VICs for pathological studies on Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD). Further details can be found in the article by Seyyed Ali Davari et al. ( e201600288 ).
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