白藜芦醇苷通过抑制microRNA-21表达抑制肝癌细胞增殖和迁移

原发性肝癌是临床上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,目前仍在寻找有效的治疗手段. 白藜芦醇苷可抑制肺癌细胞以及大肠癌细胞的增殖,但其在肝癌中的作用及具体作用机制并不清楚. 本文探讨白藜芦醇苷对大鼠肝癌是否具有预防作用,及其对肝癌细胞系增殖和侵袭的影响. 构建大鼠原发性肝癌模型,将其分为正常组、模型组及白藜芦醇苷预防组. 病理检测结果显示,与模型组相比,白藜芦醇苷预防组的肝癌发生率明显降低.检测肝组织中microRNA-21表达情况,结果显示,白藜芦醇苷预防组肝中microRNA-21表达明显降低,并且microRNA-21的靶基因PTEN表达上调.在肝癌细胞系SMMC7721和HepG2中加入白藜芦醇苷,细胞增殖及侵袭能力明显下降,同时伴随microRNA-21表达降低,PTEN表达升高. 这提示,白藜芦醇苷可能通过抑制microRNA-21的表达,抑制肝癌的发生,本文结果为预防原发性肝癌提供了新的理论依据,但其临床疗效还需要进一步验证.     

紫杉醇对人肝癌SMMC7721细胞NDRG1表达及增值的影响

旨在探索紫杉醇对人肝癌SMMC7721细胞NDRG1表达的影响,及紫杉醇对肝癌SMMC7721细胞系增殖的抑制作用。分别提取紫杉醇处理前后SMMC7721细胞的RNA,进行逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR),判断紫杉醇处理前后肝癌细胞中NDRG1表达的情况;采用蛋白印迹技术(Western blotting)分析紫杉醇处理前后肝癌细胞中NDRG1蛋白表达的情况;应用不同浓度紫杉醇处理肝癌细胞,以MTT法检测处理前后肝癌细胞的抑制率,流式细胞术(FCM)观察细胞周期变化的况。结果表明紫杉醇处理后的肝癌SMMC7721细胞中NDRG1表达下降,紫杉醇浓度越高,NDRG1表达水平越低,具有浓度依赖性。以MTT法观察紫杉醇对肝癌细胞的抑制作用,试验结果表明不同浓度的紫杉醇处理肝癌SMMC7721细胞后,癌细胞被明显抑制;以流式细胞术观察紫杉醇作用后肝癌SMMC7721细胞周期的变化,结果显示G2-M期细胞比例升高的程度随浓度增高而升高,细胞越来越多地被阻滞在G2-M期,不能继续分裂增殖。分化相关基因NDRG1的表达可能是肝癌的发病机制之一,紫杉醇可抑制肝癌SMMC 7721细胞中NDRG1的表达;同时紫杉醇能使肝癌SMMC7721细胞的生长阻滞在G2-M期,从而显著抑制SMMC7721细胞的增殖,并且具有剂量、时间依赖效应。     

p14.5过表达抑制肝癌细胞株SMMC7721迁移

本课题组前期研究发现14.5 kD蛋白(以下简称p14.5)是肝癌相关抗原,目前研究发现p14.5在人体大部分正常器官组织内几乎不表达,仅在肝、肾组织内高表达;在多种肝癌细胞株和肝癌组织内p14.5mRNA和蛋白呈低表达,并与肝癌分化状态呈负相关。但是p14.5是否在肝癌发生发展中发挥作用还未明确。本研究采用Western blotting检测多种肝癌细胞株SK-Hep-1、Huh-7、HepG2、SMMC7721和BEl-7704内p14.5蛋白表达;采用lipo3000脂质体介导构建p14.5稳定过表达肝癌细胞株p14.5-SMMC7721和空载对照细胞株NC-SMMC7721,并用Real-time QRT-PCR和Western blotting检测转染细胞株及野生型细胞株内p14.5的表达;通过CCK-8实验方法,检测p14.5过表达对肝癌细胞增殖的影响;通过体外划痕和Transwell细胞迁移实验检测p14.5过表达对肝癌细胞迁移的影响。结果显示,Real-time QRT-PCR及Western blotting检测结果表明p14.5在p14.5-SMMC7721细胞内表达明显高于其他两组,已成功构建p14.5稳定表达的肝癌细胞系p14.5-SMMC7721;CCK-8法测定细胞生长曲线结果表明p14.5稳定表达的肝癌细胞株与其他两组生长速度并无明显差异;24 h、48 h后观察划痕愈合情况,p14.5-SMMC7721愈合率为(6.97±1.55)%、(11.16±1.49)%,低于NC-SMMC7721愈合率(28.28±3.71)%、(46.89±6.76)%及野生型SMMC7721愈合率(30.50±3.66)%、(43.00±2.43)%,且差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。Transwell细胞迁移实验表明,p14.5-SMMC7721中发生迁移的平均细胞数目为12.70±4.92,而NC-SMMC7721及野生型SMMC7721中发生迁移的细胞数目为41.20±11.55和40.20±8.04,p14.5-SMMC7721中发生迁移细胞数目显著低于对照系NC-SMMC7721及野生型SMMC7721中发生迁移的细胞数目,且差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。本研究证实过表达p14.5,不影响肝癌细胞SMMC7721细胞生长,但是抑制其体外迁移。提示p14.5在肝癌细胞SMMC7721迁移中有重要作用。     

Smad7对肝癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响及其临床意义

目的:探究Smad7对肝癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响及其临床意义。方法:通过转染pcDNA3.1(+)-Smad7质粒或Smad7的小干扰RNA使得Smad7在肝癌细胞系HepG2和Huh7中过表达或敲减,应用MTT法检测Smad7对肝癌细胞增殖的影响,采用细胞划痕实验以及Transwell实验探讨Smad7对肝癌细胞迁移的影响。采用qRT-PCR检测9例肝癌癌患者手术切除的组织样本中Smad7的表达。结果:过表达Smad7的肝癌细胞增殖能力与对照组相比有明显的下降,而敲减smad7能够促进肝癌细胞的增殖。过表达smad7的肝癌细胞穿过Transwell小室底膜的能力显著下降,而敲减Smad7能够促进这种能力。Smad7在肝癌癌旁组织中的表达显著高于癌组织。结论:Smad7能够在肝细胞肝癌的进展中发挥负向调控作用。     

利用免疫组织化学及蛋白质组学对树莓提取物抑制大鼠肝癌机制的研究

目的：探讨树莓预防大鼠原发性肝癌增殖抑制和凋亡诱导作用,寻找树莓预防大鼠原发性肝癌的特异性蛋白质靶点。方法：利用二乙基亚硝胺（DEN）建立大鼠原发性肝癌动物模型;通过免疫组织化学方法研究树莓提取物对于大鼠原发性肝癌的预防效果和形态学变化,利用蛋白质组学研究树莓预防大鼠原发性肝癌的特异性蛋白质靶点。结果：树莓提取物能抑制PCNAJVEGF的表达,抑制细胞增殖,并诱导细胞凋亡。蛋白质组学差异分析表明：成瘤组大鼠血清在蛋白质峰2597．93M／Z,4513．88M／Z上与高剂量树莓干预组大鼠血清具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：树莓提取物可以抑制肝癌细胞PCNA的表达,从而抑制肝癌细胞的增殖;还可以诱导肝癌细胞凋亡;蛋白质峰2597．93M／Z及4513．88M／Z所表达蛋白为其特异性作用靶点。     

USP9X低表达通过下调Mcl-1促进肝癌细胞凋亡

研究抑制泛素特异性蛋白酶9X（ubiquitin-specific protease 9X,USP9X）对人肝癌（primary hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）细胞SMMC7721和HepG2中髓细胞白血病-1（myeloid cell leukemia-1,Mcl-1）蛋白的表达调控及对细胞凋亡和生长活力的影响。实验分为USP9X-siRNA组和阴性对照NC组两组进行分析。通过Western blot技术分别检测USP9X在肝癌细胞SMMC7721、HepG2和正常人肝细胞株L02中的蛋白表达情况;应用化学合成USP9X-siRNA转染肝癌细胞SMMC7721和HepG2,通过Western blot、流式细胞仪和MTT检测转染前后Mcl-1的蛋白表达差异以及细胞凋亡和生长活力变化。结果表明,USP9X在肝癌细胞SMMC7721和HepG2中的蛋白表达水平均高于正常肝细胞L02（t=15.155,P=0.000;t=9.171,P=0.001）;SMMC7721和HepG2细胞中抑制USP9X能明显下调Mcl-1的蛋白表达,并导致细胞凋亡增加和生长活力降低。提示,肝癌细胞SMMC7721和HepG2中USP9X表达上调;USP9X表达降低可能通过下调Mcl-1的蛋白表达进而诱导人肝癌细胞SMMC7721和HepG2的凋亡。     

MiR-33a抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移

miR-33a参与许多肿瘤发展的调控。然而,其对肝癌的作用还未完全清楚。本研究探讨了miR-33a在肝癌细胞中的表达及其功能。实时荧光定量PCR显示,与永生化的正常肝细胞系LO2相比,miR-33a在SMMC-7721、Bel-7405、Hep3B细胞中表达量较高,在SK-Hep-1、HepG2、Huh7细胞中表达量较低。其中,在SMMC-7721中表达量最高,在Huh7中表达量最低。分别用miR-33a模拟物和抑制物转染表达量最高和最低的细胞系SMMC-7721和Huh7,实时荧光定量PCR显示,模拟物转染细胞后,36 h转染效率最高;cy3染色法显示,抑制物转染细胞后,各时间点被标记的细胞均大于60%;CCK-8法和Transwell法显示,miR-33a抑制SMMC-7721和Huh7细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭;Western印迹显示,miR-33a抑制SMMC-7721、Huh7细胞claudin-1表达,促进E-钙粘蛋白表达;balb/c裸鼠成瘤实验表明,皮下注射miR-33a拮抗剂能促进肿瘤生长。上述结果证明,miR-33a在不同的肝癌细胞系中表达水平高低不一,在SMMC-7721中最高,Huh7中最低;miR-33a可以抑制肝癌细胞增殖,并可能通过抑制claudin-1及促进E-钙粘蛋白表达,抑制上皮间质转化进程抑制肝癌细胞侵袭和迁移。     

miR-34a-5p通过靶向醛缩酶A抑制肝癌细胞的增殖和迁移

[目的]证明醛缩酶A(ALDOA)在肝癌细胞的增殖和迁移作用并探索miR-34a-5p靶向调控ALDOA的分子机制,为肝癌治疗提供潜在的分子靶标。[方法]分子生物学技术构建了ALDOA表达质粒,蛋白质印迹(Western Blotting)和实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测ALDOA的过表达和敲降效果,CCK-8验证细胞的增殖,划痕实验验证细胞的迁移。[结果]在肝癌细胞中过表达ALDOA能促进肝癌细胞的增殖与迁移(P 0.05),敲降ALDOA后肝癌细胞的增殖与迁移受到抑制(P 0.05),miR-34a-5p是通过靶向结合ALDOA的3'UTR抑制其表达从而抑制肝癌细胞的增殖与迁移(P 0.05)。[结论]miR-34a-5p通过靶向ALDOA抑制肝癌细胞的增殖和迁移。     

壳寡糖对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721中Bcl-2和Caspase-3表达的影响

目的检测壳寡糖对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的抑制效果及对凋亡调控蛋白Bcl-2和Caspase-3的影响。方法采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测不同浓度壳寡糖对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞增殖的抑制作用,并利用荧光Hoechst33258染色法检测细胞凋亡状况。最后通过免疫细胞化学方法研究壳寡糖对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721中Bcl-2和Caspase-3表达的影响。结果壳寡糖能够抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖,并且促进SMMC-7721细胞的凋亡,并且壳寡糖能够上调促凋亡蛋白Caspase-3的表达和降低抑制凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达。结论壳寡糖对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖有抑制作用,此作用可能是通过促进Caspase-3的表达和抑制Bcl-2的表达来实现的。     

MiR-33a抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移北大核心CSCD

miR-33a参与许多肿瘤发展的调控。然而,其对肝癌的作用还未完全清楚。本研究探讨了miR-33a在肝癌细胞中的表达及其功能。实时荧光定量PCR显示,与永生化的正常肝细胞系LO2相比,miR-33a在SMMC-7721、Bel-7405、Hep3B细胞中表达量较高,在SK-Hep-1、HepG2、Huh7细胞中表达量较低。其中,在SMMC-7721中表达量最高,在Huh7中表达量最低。分别用miR-33a模拟物和抑制物转染表达量最高和最低的细胞系SMMC-7721和Huh7,实时荧光定量PCR显示,模拟物转染细胞后,36 h转染效率最高;cy3染色法显示,抑制物转染细胞后,各时间点被标记的细胞均大于60%;CCK-8法和Transwell法显示,miR-33a抑制SMMC-7721和Huh7细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭;Western印迹显示,miR-33a抑制SMMC-7721、Huh7细胞claudin-1表达,促进E-钙粘蛋白表达;balb/c裸鼠成瘤实验表明,皮下注射miR-33a拮抗剂能促进肿瘤生长。上述结果证明,miR-33a在不同的肝癌细胞系中表达水平高低不一,在SMMC-7721中最高,Huh7中最低;miR-33a可以抑制肝癌细胞增殖,并可能通过抑制claudin-1及促进E-钙粘蛋白表达,抑制上皮间质转化进程抑制肝癌细胞侵袭和迁移。     

B4GALT3促进肝癌细胞增殖和侵袭

β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶III（β-1,4-galactosyltransferase III,B4GALT3）在肿瘤的作用正受到关注,但其在肝癌中的表达模式及其作用有待阐明。基于TCGA肿瘤组织数据库和GTEx正常组织数据库进行的生物信息学分析,发现相比于人正常肝组织,B4GALT3在人肝癌组织中的表达显著上调。实时荧光定量PCR结果发现肝癌细胞中B4GALT3的mRNA和Western 印迹检测蛋白质表达水平显著上调。其中肝癌细胞SMMC7721中B4GALT3的mRNA表达水平是正常肝细胞L-02的9.85倍。对TCGA数据库进行分析发现,B4GALT3表达水平与肝癌患者的生存率呈负相关。在内源性高表达B4GALT3的SMMC7721肝癌细胞中,干扰B4GALT3表达,可显著抑制该细胞的增殖能力和侵袭能力。干扰B4GALT3表达能显著上调SMMC7721细胞中p27和E-cadherin的蛋白质表达水平,干扰B4GALT3表达后SMMC7721细胞中,p27和E-cadherin的mRNA水平较对照组上调6.15倍和7.83倍。总之,B4GALT3在肝癌中表达上调,且促进肝癌细胞的增殖和侵袭。     

Elevation of highly up-regulated in liver cancer (HULC) by hepatitis B virus X protein promotes hepatoma cell proliferation via down-regulating p18

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in human cancers. It has been reported that lncRNA highly up-regulated in liver cancer (HULC) is dramatically up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) contributes importantly to the development of HCC. However, the function of HULC in HCC mediated by HBx remains unclear. Here, we report that HULC is involved in HBx-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. We found that the expression levels of HULC were positively correlated with those of HBx in clinical HCC tissues. Moreover, we revealed that HBx up-regulated HULC in human immortalized normal liver L-O2 cells and hepatoma HepG2 cells. Luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that HBx activated the HULC promoter via cAMP-responsive element-binding protein. We further demonstrated that HULC promoted cell proliferation by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, colony formation assay, and tumorigenicity assay. Next, we hypothesized that HULC might function through regulating a tumor suppressor gene p18 located near HULC in the same chromosome. We found that the mRNA levels of p18 were inversely correlated with those of HULC in the above clinical HCC specimens. Then, we validated that HULC down-regulated p18, which was involved in the HULC-enhanced cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we observed that knockdown of HULC could abolish the HBx-enhanced cell proliferation through up-regulating p18. Thus, we conclude that the up-regulated HULC by HBx promotes proliferation of hepatoma cells through suppressing p18. This finding provides new insight into the roles of lncRNAs in HBx-related hepatocarcinogenesis.     

RUNX3 directly interacts with intracellular domain of Notch1 and suppresses Notch signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

RUNX3 takes a strong suppressive effect in many tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HES-1, a downstream target of Notch signaling, is shown to be decreased in human HCC cell line SMMC7721 with RUNX3 gene transfection. Since Notch signaling is oncogenic in HCC, RUNX3 might exert its inhibitory effect in HCC partly through the suppression on Notch signaling. To investigate the possible mechanism of the down-regulation of HES-1 by RUNX3, we performed Western blot and reporter assay and found that RUNX3 suppressed intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1)-mediated transactivation of Notch signaling while it did not alter the expression of ICN1 and recombination signal binding protein-Jκ (RBP-J) in SMMC7721 cells. Besides, confocal microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays showed that RUNX3 could co-localize with ICN1 and RBP-J, forming a complex with these two molecules in nucleus of SMMC7721 cells by its direct interaction with ICN1. Furthermore, RUNX3 was recruited to RBP-J recognition motif of HES-1 promoter, which was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Taken together, these findings indicate that RUNX3 suppresses Notch signaling in HCC SMMC7721 cells by its interaction with ICN1 and thus recruitment to the RBP-J recognition motif of downstream genes of Notch signaling.     

Polydatin reverses oxidation low lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via regulating the miR-26a-5p/BID axis

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which lipids and inflammatory factors accumulate on the walls of arteries, forming plaques that eventually block the flow of blood. Polydatin was derived from plant knotweed, which could play an important role in inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism by which polydatin regulates the genesis and development of atherosclerosis remains unclear. To detect the function of polydatin in atherosclerosis, the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected using 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine staining, flow cytometry and transwell assays, respectively. In addition, the branch points and capillary length of HUVECs were observed using a tube formation assay, and the lipid accumulation was tested by Oil-red O staining assay. Dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the association between microRNA (miR)-26a-5p and BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID) in HUVECs. The data suggested oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) notably inhibited the viability of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner, and polydatin reversed the oxLDL-induced inhibition of HUVECs viability and proliferation. In addition, polydatin inhibited the apoptosis, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in oxLDL-treated HUVECs. Polydatin reversed oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation and angiogenesis inhibition in HUVECs. Furthermore, BID was targeted by miR-26a-5p, and polydatin reversed the oxLDL-induced apoptosis of HUVECs via regulating the miR-26a-5p/BID axis. In summary, polydatin reversed the oxLDL-induced apoptosis of HUVECs via regulating the miR-26a-5p/BID axis. Therefore, polydatin could act as a new agent for atherosclerosis treatment.Key words: Atherosclerosis, polydatin, miR-26a-5p, BH3 interacting domain death agonist     

RTN4-C基因在肝癌组织中的表达及其对SMMC7721细胞生长和凋亡的影响

RTN4-C属于编码内质网蛋白的基因家族(RTNs)。为研究RTN4-C在肝癌及其癌旁组织中的表达情况及其对SMMC7721肝癌细胞株的影响,利用RT-PCR检测RTN4-C在肝癌及其癌旁组织中的表达。构建RTN4-C-pcDNA3.1真核表达重组质粒,用脂质体介导转染SMMC7721肝癌细胞,通过G418稳定筛选,建立转染RTN4-C/SMMC7721稳定细胞株。MTT法测定转染前后细胞生长改变、吖啶橙染色检测细胞凋亡改变、免疫细胞化学检测肿瘤相关蛋白p53、Hsp70和c-Fos表达改变。结果表明,RTN4-C/SMMC7721细胞生长减慢,与对照组相比,第2、3、4d细胞生长抑制率分别为33·8%±0·026、56·2%±0·094、34·8%±0·077;凋亡明显增多。突变型p53蛋白从核内转移到细胞质且表达减弱,c-Fos、Hsp70蛋白表达量明显减弱。提示RTN4-C基因在肝癌组织中存在表达差异,促进突变型p53的核转移并减少其表达量、抑制癌基因c-Fos和Hsp70的表达,从而抑制SMMC7721细胞的生长,促进其凋亡。     

Mechanism of Arctigenin-Induced Specific Cytotoxicity against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines: Hep G2 and SMMC7721

Arctigenin (ARG) has been previously reported to exert high biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer. In this study, the anti-tumor mechanism of ARG towards human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was firstly investigated. We demonstrated that ARG could induce apoptosis in Hep G2 and SMMC7721 cells but not in normal hepatic cells, and its apoptotic effect on Hep G2 was stronger than that on SMMC7721. Furthermore, the following study showed that ARG treatment led to a loss in the mitochondrial out membrane potential, up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, a release of cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and a cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in both Hep G2 and SMMC7721 cells, suggesting ARG-induced apoptosis was associated with the mitochondria mediated pathway. Moreover, the activation of caspase-8 and the increased expression levels of Fas/FasL and TNF-α revealed that the Fas/FasL-related pathway was also involved in this process. Additionally, ARG induced apoptosis was accompanied by a deactivation of PI3K/p-Akt pathway, an accumulation of p53 protein and an inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation especially in Hep G2 cells, which might be the reason that Hep G2 was more sensitive than SMMC7721 cells to ARG treatment.