极端环境放线菌TRM45306的鉴定及次生代谢产物分析

嗜盐放线菌由于其独特的生理特性和代谢机制,可以产生结构新颖、活性迥异的次生代谢产物。本文以新疆罗布泊极端环境嗜盐放线菌TRM45306为研究对象,通过形态学观察、生物学特征和16S r DNA序列分析,确定TRM45306的分类地位;通过萃取、硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析等方法对发酵产物中次生代谢产物进行分离纯化,利用波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构。结果 TRM45306被鉴定为中度嗜盐性链霉菌,与菌株Streptomyces rochei NBRC 12908(T)相似度为100%;从发酵液中分离得到4个单体化合物,分别被鉴定为16α-甲基-11β,17α,21-三羟基-9α-氟孕甾-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮-21-醋酸酯(45306-1)、谷甾醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷(45306-2)、Nb-乙酰色胺(45306-3)和N-丙酰色胺(45306-4)。此研究结果可为新疆嗜盐放线菌次生代谢产物的挖掘提供理论依据和技术支持,对新疆极端环境放线菌资源的开发具有重要意义。     

一株深海热液口嗜热芽孢杆菌SY27F代谢产物活性的研究

【目的】对一株来源于深海热液口嗜热芽孢杆菌的次生代谢产物进行抑菌活性和抗肿瘤活性的初步研究。【方法】采用纸片法和微量肉汤稀释法检测嗜热芽孢杆菌SY27F次生代谢产物的抑菌活性,采用CCK-8法测定其次生代谢产物的抗肿瘤活性。【结果】抑菌实验表明,嗜热芽孢杆菌代谢产物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌作用,其最低抑菌浓度分别为1.56 mg/mL和3.13 mg/mL;细胞实验表明,其代谢产物对肿瘤细胞A549、HepG2、HeLa、MCF-7均有一定的抑制作用,其半致死浓度分别为0.390、0.451、0.704、1.105 mg/mL;与人肝肿瘤细胞(HepG2)相比,其对人正常肝细胞(L02)表现出良好的生物相容性。【结论】嗜热芽孢杆菌SY27F次生代谢产物具有一定的抑菌和抗肿瘤活性,可为寻找新型抑菌抗肿瘤活性物质提供优质资源。     

三色拟迷孔菌Daedaleopsis tricolor抗真菌活性成分的研究

在对多孔菌发酵产物进行的活性筛选中,发现三色拟迷孔菌具有抗白假丝酵母、酿酒酵母、烟曲霉、黄曲霉等目标真菌活性。通过应用萃取、柱层析及HPLC等分离手段对其活性组分进行分离纯化,共获得3个化合物。根据波谱数据,化合物1-3的结构分别被鉴定为4-乙二醇基-8-羟基异香豆素、4- (2-羟乙酰基)-8-羟基异香豆素及4-乙二醇基-5,8-二羟基异香豆素。这3个异香豆素首次从拟迷孔菌属中分离得到,且化合物2为其活性成分。     

三色拟迷孔菌Daedaleopsis tricolor抗真菌活性成分的研究

在对多孔菌发酵产物进行的活性筛选中,发现三色拟迷孔菌具有抗白假丝酵母、酿酒酵母、烟曲霉、黄曲霉等目标真菌活性。通过应用萃取、柱层析及HPLC等分离手段对其活性组分进行分离纯化,共获得3个化合物。根据波谱数据,化合物1-3的结构分别被鉴定为4-乙二醇基-8-羟基异香豆素、4- (2-羟乙酰基)-8-羟基异香豆素及4-乙二醇基-5,8-二羟基异香豆素。这3个异香豆素首次从拟迷孔菌属中分离得到,且化合物2为其活性成分。     

三色拟迷孔菌Daedaleopsis tricolor抗真菌活性成分的研究

在对多孔菌发酵产物进行的活性筛选中,发现三色拟迷孔菌具有抗白假丝酵母、酿酒酵母、烟曲霉、黄曲霉等目标真菌活性。通过应用萃取、柱层析及HPLC等分离手段对其活性组分进行分离纯化,共获得3个化合物。根据波谱数据,化合物1-3的结构分别被鉴定为4-乙二醇基-8-羟基异香豆素、4-(2-羟乙酰基)-8-羟基异香豆素及4-乙二醇基-5,8-二羟基异香豆素。这3个异香豆素首次从拟迷孔菌属中分离得到,且化合物2为其活性成分。     

三色拟迷孔菌Daedaleopsis tricolor抗真菌活性成分的研究

在对多孔菌发酵产物进行的活性筛选中,发现三色拟迷孔菌具有抗白假丝酵母、酿酒酵母、烟曲霉、黄曲霉等目标真菌活性。通过应用萃取、柱层析及HPLC等分离手段对其活性组分进行分离纯化,共获得3个化合物。根据波谱数据,化合物1-3的结构分别被鉴定为4-乙二醇基-8-羟基异香豆素、4-（2-羟乙酰基）-8-羟基异香豆素及4-乙二醇基-5,8-二羟基异香豆素。这3个异香豆素首次从拟迷孔菌属中分离得到,且化合物2为其活性成分。     

黑柄炭角菌产生的DPPH自由基捕捉成分

对黑柄炭角菌深层发酵制品中的DPPH自由基捕捉成分进行研究。经硅胶柱层析、中压液相色谱顺相和反相分离、制备型高压液相色谱分离等一系列步骤 ,共获得相对纯度在85%以上 ,收量在 2mg以上的自由基捕捉物质 2 0个 ,对其中的B4 1 6进行了质谱、1H NMR、13C NMR、1H 13CHMBC、红外光谱等的测定 ,测得分子式为C10 H10 O4 ,推断它为 5,8二羟基 3 甲基 3,4二氢异香豆素。在 2 0 μmol L时 ,它的DPPH自由基捕捉活性为维生素C的 1 67倍 ,维生素E的 2 1倍。     

嗜盐放线菌资源及次生代谢产物研究进展

嗜盐放线菌是重要的极端微生物资源,因其独特的生长环境、生理机制而备受关注。本文对嗜盐放线菌的定义、生物多样性及次生代谢产物的研究进展进行综述。结合我国嗜盐放线菌的研究现状,分析尚存在的问题及其发展前景。     

复合维生素对灰略红链霉菌TRM11107生产拒霉素的影响

对棉花枯萎病原菌拮抗放线菌TRM11107进行16S r RNA基因鉴定,采用AM6、ISP3和ISP3-豆粉三种培养基探索其产抗条件并进行发酵,发酵产物经色谱分离和核磁共振(NMR)鉴定,采用添加复合维生素的方法提高放线菌TRM11107拒霉素的产量。结果表明,TRM11107为灰略红链霉菌(Streptomyces griseorubens)(相似度99. 86%),在ISP3液体培养基中产抗明显,经分离鉴定为拒霉素(37. 47 mg/L)和特曲霉素,向IS3P液体培养基中添加64. 3 mg/L复合维生素可将拒霉素产量提高到806. 79 mg/L,提高21. 5倍。     

桃根癌病菌拮抗放线菌抑菌物质的分离纯化与结构鉴定

[目的]为明确根癌拮抗放线菌G-19的抑菌活性物质.[方法]采用SephadexLH-20柱层析、高效液相色谱及中压制备色谱等技术,对桃根癌拮抗放线菌G-19发酵液中的抑菌活性成分进行分离纯化,并通过LC-MS、NMR对其结构进行鉴定.[结果]分离得到化合物G-19-Ⅰ的结构为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP),化合物G-19-Ⅱ的结构为2-(4-羟基苯基)-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-3,4,5,7-四醇,俗称无色天竺葵素.[结论]阐明了放线菌G-19抑菌活性成分的物质基础.     

Reactions of D-xylose and D-glucose in alkaline,aqueous solutions

Treatment of D-xylose and D-glucose with 0.63M sodium hydroxide at 96° in an atmosphere of nitrogen yielded, in addition to acidic, aliphatic degradation-products, the following cyclic enols and phenolic compounds: 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (1), 2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (2), pyrocatechol (3), 3-methyl-1,2-benzenediol (4), 4-methyl-1,2-benzenediol (5), 3,4-di-methyl-1,2-benzenediol (6), 2-methyl-1,4-benzenediol (7), 2,5-dihydroxyacetophe-none (8), 3-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenone (9), 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (10), 3,4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11), 2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methylacetophenone (12), and 2,3-dihydroxy-6-methylacetophenone (13).     

新疆泥火山产酶嗜盐放线菌的筛选及多样性

[目的]了解新疆乌苏泥火山嗜盐放线菌及其产酶功能多样性.[方法]分别采用含有5%与10%NaCl的5种分离培养基,稀释平板涂布法对泥火山土壤样品进行分离;利用五种筛选培养基定性检测酶活性;在形态特征、耐盐性实验及16S rDNA基因测序的基础上进行系统发育学分析.[结果]获得嗜盐放线菌43株,极端嗜盐放线菌3株.4株嗜盐放线菌产脂肪酶,30株产半乳糖苷酶,27株产淀粉酶,6株产酯酶,4株产纤维素酶,1株同时产4种酶.系统发育学分析结果表明其中24株为拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis),1株为链霉菌属(Streptomyces).产两种酶的菌株10006与Nocardiopsis exhalans(AY03600)相似性为96.64%(小于97%),可能是潜在的新种.[结论]本研究表明新疆乌苏泥火山中存在大量的产半乳糖苷酶及淀粉酶的嗜盐放线菌,所分离到的拟诺卡氏菌属产酶多样性比较高,并且潜藏着新的微生物资源.     

蚁巢膝束霉次级代谢产物及生物活性

菌株L342分离自中国四川省的废弃白蚁巢,rDNA序列分析表明L342为蚁巢膝束霉Geniculisynnema termiticola。抗氧化活性评价结果显示其PDB发酵产物的乙酸乙酯提取物具有很强的还原能力和中等强度的DPPH清除能力。采用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、HPLC等分离方法,从G. termiticola的PDB发酵粗提物中分离鉴定了6个化合物：3,4-Dihydro-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin (1), regiolone (2), (3S, 4S)-3,4,6,8-tetradydroxy-3,4-Dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (3), ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (4), cerebroside A (5), and cerebroside C (6)。其中化合物4-6具有中等强度的铁离子还原能力,化合物4还具有一定的HeLa细胞毒活性（IC50=98.3μmol/L）。G. termiticola发酵产物具有产生有生物活性次级代谢产物的潜力,有望开发成为一种新型的功能性食品。     

Molecular docking analysis of CDK-1 inhibitors from Chrysophyllum cainito leaves

It is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK-1) inhibitors from Chrysophyllum cainito leaves towards the treatment of tumors using the known structure of PDB ID: 5HQ0. Data shows that molecules such as 8- (Dimethylamino)-7-(3-(4-ethylphenoxy)-2d, ethyl 6-oxo-5-propylheptanoate, 2,3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4h-pyran-4-one, 1,2,3-benzenetriol and 1,4-benzenediol 2,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) identified in methanolic extract of C. cainito have binding features with CDK1 for further consideration.     

新疆青海中度嗜盐放线菌生物多样性初步研究

从我国新疆、青海等地采集数份盐碱土样或泥样,采用淀粉-酪素琼脂培养基、甘油天门冬酰胺琼脂培养基、土壤浸汁琼脂培养基分别从中分离到8株、32株中度嗜盐放线菌菌株。经形态、生理学特性与全细胞壁氨基酸组分分析结果比较,选取其中的14株进行16S rDNA序列分析。就物种多样性而言,新疆、青海分离到中度嗜盐放线菌分布至少有3个科,5个属。其中有拟诺卡氏菌科（Nocardiopsaceae）的拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis)和链单孢菌属（Streptomonospora）;假诺卡氏菌科(Pseudonocardiaceae)的普氏菌属(Prauserella)和糖单孢菌属(Saccharomonospora);链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)的链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。就地区分布来讲,新疆分离到的中度嗜盐放线菌种类要远高于青海。     

Low-molecular-weight components of olive oil mill waste-waters

A new lignan 1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, the secoiridoid 2H-pyran-4-acetic acid,3-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-, methyl ester, the phenylglycoside 4-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxybenzene and the lactone 3-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-propenyl] delta-glutarolactone were isolated and identified on the basis of spectroscopic data including two-dimensional NMR, as components of olive oil mill waste-waters. The known aromatic compounds catechol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)phenylethanol, 2-(3,4-dihydroxy)phenyl-1,2-ethandiol, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, 1-O-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy)phenylethyl]-(3,4-dihydroxy)phenyl-1,2-ethandiol, 1-O-[2-(4-hydroxy)phenylethyl]-(3,4-dihydroxy)phenyl-1,2-ethandiol, D(+)-erythro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-1,2,3-propantriol, p-hydroxyphenethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside,2(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol 3beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 2(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol 4beta-D-glucopyranoside were also confirmed as constituents of the waste-waters.     

Hydroxysesamone and 2,3-epoxysesamone from roots of Sesamum indicum.

A red naphthoquinone, named hydroxysesamone, was isolated from the roots of Sesamum indicum together with a known yellow naphthoxirene derivative, 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone, named 2,3-epoxysesamone. The structure of the naphthoquinone was characterized as 2,5,8-trihydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone on the basis of spectral evidence. Full assignments of NMR resonances of 2,3-epoxysesamone were also confirmed by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic experiments. Chlorosesamone, hydroxysesamone and 2,3-epoxysesamone all showed antifungal activities toward Cladosporium fulvum.     

Further secondary metabolites produced by the fungus Pyricularia grisea isolated from buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris)

The fungal pathogen Pyricularia grisea has been studied to evaluate its production of phytotoxins for the biocontrol of the buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) weed. A first investigation allowed to isolate several new and known phytotoxic metabolites. However, the further investigation on the organic extract obtained from the fungus liquid culture showed the presence of other metabolites possibly contributing to its phytotoxicity. Thus, four known metabolites were isolated and identified by spectroscopic (nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [HRESIMS]) methods as dihydropyriculol ( 1 ), epi-dihydropyriculol ( 2 ), 3-methoxy-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin ( 3 ), and (R)-mevalonolactone ( 4 ). The absolute configuration of 1 – 3 was determined for the first time by a computational analysis of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. When the isolated compounds were bioassayed at a concentration of 5 × 10^–3 M in a buffelgrass coleoptile and radicle elongation test no toxicity was detected. On the contrary, compounds 1 and 3 showed a significant stimulating effect of radical elongation. Furthermore, the difference in growth stimulation between 1 and its epimer 2 highlights the tight relationship between absolute configuration and biological activity of these fungal metabolites.     

Enantiomers of 2-methyl- and 2,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylic acid: Preparation by resolution,determination of absolute configuration,and Curtius rearrangement

Both enantiomers of 2-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylic acid 2 and 2,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylic acid 3 were prepared via resolution of the corresponding racemic carboxylic acids with (R)- and (S)-1-phenylethylamine, respectively. Absolute configuration of (−)-(R)-2-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylic acid was determined by X-ray crystallography. Curtius rearrangement of acyl azides prepared from enantiomers of these heterocyclic carboxylic acids carried out in benzyl alcohol afforded enantiomers of the corresponding benzyl carbamates, which upon hydrogenolysis gave racemic 2-amino-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one 4 and 2-amino-2,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4h-benzoxazin-3-one 5. Chirality 10:791–799, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Cordiachromes from Auxemma oncocalyx

Further cordiachromes, rel-10,11β-epoxy-11-ethoxy-8-hydroxy-2-methoxy-8aβ-methyl-5,6,7,8,8a,9,10aβ-octahydro-1,4-anthracendione, 6-formyl-2-methoxy-9-methyl-7,8-dihydro-1,4-phenanthrendione, rel-8,11;9,11-diepoxy-1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-8aβ-methyl-5,6,7,8,8a,9,10,10aβ-octahydro-10-anthracenone, rel-9,11-epoxy-1,4,8-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8aβ-methyl-5,6,7,8,8a,9,10,10aβ-octahydro-10-anthracenone, rel-2″-methoxy-7″-methyl-1″,4″-naphtalendione-(6″→5)-tetrahydropyran-(2-eq→O→2ax)-tetrahydropyran-(5′→6)- 2-methoxy-7-methyl-1,4-naphthalendione, together with the known, allantoin, sitosterol and 3β-O-d-glucopyranosylsitosterol, have been isolated from Auxemma oncocalyx. Their structures were determined from spectral data, including 2D NMR experiments.