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1.
Establishing whether handedness is exogenously determined can help explain the relationship between handedness and various health and economic outcomes. It can also ensure the use of handedness as an instrument in empirical applications. Using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States, I investigate the exogeneity of children’s handedness by examining the determinants of mixed-handedness. In the analysis using Korean data, parents’ age, parents’ non-right-handedness, and family income influence the likelihood of children’s mixed-handedness. In the U.S. data analysis, however, none of the child and family characteristics, except being Asian, predict the likelihood of mixed-handedness. These results suggest that mixed-handedness, further handedness cannot be generalized as exogenous and is a race-specific characteristic. 相似文献
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Ross E. Andersen Carlos J. Crespo Susan J. Bartlett Joan M. Bathon Kevin R. Fontaine 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2003,11(10):1159-1162
Objective: To examine the association between BMI (kilograms per meter squared) and reports of significant knee, hip, and back pain using data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults 60 years or older. Research Methods and Procedures: Population‐based survey data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving 5724 adults 60 years or older, were used. BMI, calculated from measured weight (kilograms) and height (meters squared), was used to categorize participants into six BMI‐defined groups: underweight (<18.5), desirable weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9), obese class I (30 to 34.9), obese class II (35 to 39.9), and obese class III (≥40). The presence of significant knee, hip, and back pain in the groups was studied. Results: The overall prevalences of knee, hip, and back pain were 21%, 14%, and 22%, respectively. Prevalence estimates for knee (underweight 12.1% to obesity class III 55.7%), hip (underweight 10.4% to obesity class III 23.3%), and back (underweight 20.2% to obesity class III 26.1%) pain increased with increased BMI. Sex‐, race‐, and age‐specific pain prevalence estimates also generally increased at increased levels of BMI. Discussion: Among U.S. adults 60 years or older, the prevalence of significant knee, hip, and back pain increases with increased levels of BMI. 相似文献
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Eric M. Hecht Kris Arheart David J. Lee Charles H. Hennekens WayWay M. Hlaing 《Biomarkers》2016,21(5):429-435
Cadmium contamination of tobacco may contribute to the health hazards of cigarette smoking. The 2005–2012 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data provided a unique opportunity to conduct a cross-sectional survey of cadmium biomarkers and cigarette smoking. Among a sample of 6761 participants, we evaluated mean differences and correlations between cadmium biomarkers in the blood and urine and characteristics of never, former and current smokers. We found statistically significant differences in mean cadmium biomarker levels between never and former smokers as well as between never and current smokers. In current smokers, duration in years had a higher correlation coefficient with urinary than blood cadmium levels. In contrast, number of cigarettes smoked per day had a higher correlation coefficient with blood than urinary cadmium levels. These data suggest that blood and urine cadmium biomarker levels differ by duration and dose. These findings should be considered in evaluating any association between cadmium and smoking related diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. 相似文献
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Cynthia M. Beall Gary M. Brittenham Kingman P. Strohl John Blangero Sarah Williams-Blangero Melvyn C. Goldstein Michael J. Decker Enrique Vargas Mercedes Villena Rudy Soria Ana Maria Alarcon Cristina Gonzales 《American journal of physical anthropology》1998,106(3):385-400
Elevated hemoglobin concentrations have been reported for high-altitude sojourners and Andean high-altitude natives since early in the 20th century. Thus, reports that have appeared since the 1970s describing relatively low hemoglobin concentration among Tibetan high-altitude natives were unexpected. These suggested a hypothesis of population differences in hematological response to high-altitude hypoxia. A case of quantitatively different responses to one environmental stress would offer an opportunity to study the broad evolutionary question of the origin of adaptations. However, many factors may confound population comparisons. The present study was designed to test the null hypothesis of no difference in mean hemoglobin concentration of Tibetan and Aymara native residents at 3,800–4,065 meters by using healthy samples that were screened for iron deficiency, abnormal hemoglobins, and thalassemias, recruited and assessed using the same techniques. The hypothesis was rejected, because Tibetan males had a significantly lower mean hemoglobin concentration of 15.6 gm/dl compared with 19.2 gm/dl for Aymara males, and Tibetan females had a mean hemoglobin concentration of 14.2 gm/dl compared with 17.8 gm/dl for Aymara females. The Tibetan hemoglobin distribution closely resembled that from a comparable, sea-level sample from the United States, whereas the Aymara distribution was shifted toward 3–4 gm/dl higher values. Genetic factors accounted for a very high proportion of the phenotypic variance in hemoglobin concentration in both samples (0.86 in the Tibetan sample and 0.87 in the Aymara sample). The presence of significant genetic variance means that there is the potential for natural selection and genetic adaptation of hemoglobin concentration in Tibetan and Aymara high-altitude populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 106:385–400, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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ObjectiveTo explore the relationships between serum copper levels and overweight/total obesity and central obesity in children and adolescents.MethodsWe included 2,000 children and adolescents from the 2011-2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The multivariable linear model, logistic model and restricted cubic splines were adopted to assess the relationships. Models were adjusted for data release cycle, age, sex, race/ethnicity, ratio of family income to poverty, and dietary intakes of protein, total sugars, total fat, fiber, energy, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin C, and hours watch television or videos.ResultsThe prevalences of overweight/total obesity and central obesity were 37.38% and 33.40%, respectively. For per-quintile increment in serum copper levels, body mass index increased by 1.06 (0.79-1.33) (kg/m2) and waist circumference increased by 2.43 (1.58-3.27) (cm). The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for overweight/total obesity and central obesity among participants with the highest quintile compared with those with the lowest quintile of serum copper levels were 5.46 (3.31-8.98) and 5.64 (3.31-9.58), respectively. The above-mentioned associations were not modified by age (children: 6-12 years, adolescents: 13-18 years) and sex. Dose-response analysis showed that the odds of overweight/total obesity and central obesity increased with increasing serum copper levels to a level of approximate 140 ug/dL where the association seemed to reach a plateau, respectively.ConclusionsSerum copper levels were positively associated with body mass index and waist circumference, and elevated serum copper levels were associated with higher odds of overweight/total obesity and central obesity in children and adolescents. 相似文献
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Objective: To determine which of five measures of adiposity maintains the strongest association with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Research Methods and Procedures: A nationally representative sample of 12,608 adult participants of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined. Waist circumference, total body fat, percent body fat, BMI, and skinfold thickness were measured following a standardized protocol. Results: In multivariable adjusted models including waist circumference and BMI as independent variables, waist circumference was a significantly better predictor. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for each standard deviation higher waist circumference and BMI for men were as follows: 1.88 (1.43, 2.48) and 0.99 (0.76, 1.29), respectively, for hypertension; 1.51 (0.87, 2.59) and 1.23 (0.76, 1.99), respectively, for diabetes; and 1.85 (1.48, 2.32) and 1.00 (0.80, 1.24), respectively, for low high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. The analogous odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for women were as follows: 2.28 (1.74, 3.00) and 0.91 (0.69, 1.19), respectively, for hypertension; 2.72 (1.85, 4.00) and 0.82 (0.55, 1.23), respectively, for diabetes; and 1.90 (1.47, 2.47) and 1.07 (0.83, 1.38), respectively, for low high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. Results were markedly similar for waist circumference in models adjusting for total body fat, percent body fat, and skinfold thickness separately. In contrast, waist circumference was not a significantly better predictor of elevated C‐reactive protein than the other measures of adiposity. Discussion: Waist circumference maintains a stronger association with cardiovascular disease risk factors than other measures of adiposity. 相似文献
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Objective : To determine the relative validity of specific bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) prediction equations and BMI as predictors of physiologically relevant general adiposity. Research Methods and Procedures : Subjects were >12, 000 men and women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey population. We examined the correlations between BMI and percentage body fat based on 51 different predictive equations, blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, which are known to reflect adiposity, while controlling for other determinants of these physiological measures. Results : BMI consistently had one of the highest correlations across biological markers, and no BIA‐based measure was superior. Percent body fat estimated from BIA was minimally predictive of the physiological markers independent of BMI. Discussion : These results suggest that BIA is not superior to BMI as a predictor of overall adiposity in a general population. 相似文献
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Chris I. Ardern Ian Janssen Robert Ross Peter T. Katzmarzyk 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2004,12(7):1094-1103
Objective: To develop and cross‐validate waist circumference (WC) thresholds within BMI categories. The utility of the derived values was compared with the single WC thresholds (women, 88 cm; men, 102 cm) recommended by NIH and Health Canada. Research Methods and Procedures: The sample included adults classified as normal weight (BMI = 18.5 to 24.9), overweight (BMI = 25 to 29.9), obese I (BMI = 30 to 34.9), and obese II+ (BMI ≥ 35) from the Third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; n = 11, 968) and the Canadian Heart Health Surveys (CHHS; n = 6286). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the optimal WC thresholds that predicted high risk of coronary events (top quintile of Framingham scores) within BMI categories using the NHANES III. The BMI‐specific WC thresholds were cross‐validated using the CHHS. Results: The optimal WC thresholds increased across BMI categories from 87 to 124 cm in men and from 79 to 115 cm in women. The validation study indicated improved sensitivity and specificity with the BMI‐specific WC thresholds compared with the single thresholds. Discussion: Compared with the recommended WC thresholds, the BMI‐specific values improved the identification of health risk. In normal weight, overweight, obese I, and obese II+ patients, WC cut‐offs of 90, 100, 110, and 125 cm in men and 80, 90, 105, and 115 cm in women, respectively, can be used to identify those at increased risk. 相似文献
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Rahul Ghosal;Marcos Matabuena; 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》2024,66(7):e202400042
We develop a new method for multivariate scalar on multidimensional distribution regression. Traditional approaches typically analyze isolated univariate scalar outcomes or consider unidimensional distributional representations as predictors. However, these approaches are suboptimal because (i) they fail to utilize the dependence between the distributional predictors and (ii) neglect the correlation structure of the response. To overcome these limitations, we propose a multivariate distributional analysis framework that harnesses the power of multivariate density functions and multitask learning. We develop a computationally efficient semiparametric estimation method for modeling the effect of the latent joint density on the multivariate response of interest. Additionally, we introduce a new conformal prediction algorithm for quantifying the uncertainty of our multivariate predictions based on subject characteristics and individualized distributional predictors, providing valuable insights into the conditional distribution of the response. We validate the effectiveness of our proposed method through comprehensive numerical simulations, clearly demonstrating its superior performance compared to traditional methods. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated on triaxial accelerometer data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 for modeling the association between cognitive scores across various domains and distributional representation of physical activity among the older adult population. Our results highlight the advantages of the proposed approach, emphasizing the significance of incorporating multidimensional distributional information in the triaxial accelerometer data. 相似文献
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BackgroundThe relationship between iron metabolism and variations in blood pressure and hypertension risk is still not clear. This study aimed to determine whether iron metabolism is associated with changes in blood pressure and hypertension prevalence in the general United States population.MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NAHNES) database contains data on 116876 Americans from 1999 to 2020 years. Data from the NHANES database were used to examine the relationships between iron metabolism (serum iron [SI], serum ferritin [SF], and soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]) and changes in blood pressure and hypertension prevalence. Generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot curves were used to estimate the relationship between iron metabolism and hypertension. Further, generalized additive models with smooth functions were used to identify the relationship between iron metabolism and blood pressure. Finally, a stratified subgroup analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 6710 participants were included in our analysis. The RCS plot showed a linear relationship between SI, as well as sTfR, and hypertension prevalence. SF and hypertension prevalence were associated in a J-shape. In addition, the relationship between SI and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased initially and then increased. A correlation between SF, SBP, and DBP first decreased, then increased, and finally decreased. A positive linear correlation existed between sTfR and SBP, but it increased and then decreased with DBP.ConclusionThe correlation between SF and hypertension prevalence displayed a J-curve. In contrast, the correlation between SI, as well as sTfR, and hypertension risk was negative and positive, respectively. 相似文献
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Functional data are often extremely high-dimensional and exhibit strong dependence structures but can often prove valuable for both prediction and inference. The literature on functional data analysis is well developed; however, there has been very little work involving functional data in complex survey settings. Motivated by physical activity monitor data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we develop a Bayesian model for functional covariates that can properly account for the survey design. Our approach is intended for non-Gaussian data and can be applied in multivariate settings. In addition, we make use of a variety of Bayesian modeling techniques to ensure that the model is fit in a computationally efficient manner. We illustrate the value of our approach through two simulation studies as well as an example of mortality estimation using NHANES data. 相似文献
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PurposePrevious reports have identified the important role of zinc in bone health. Although the risk of zinc deficiency is still a concern in the U.S., there has never been an in-depth study of the association between zinc status and bone health in a sample representing the country.MethodsWe included 2,895 subjects (aged ≥ 40 years) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 to explore the relationship among three biomarkers of zinc (serum, food, and total intake), the bone mineral density (BMD) of the total spine and femur, the FRAX® scores, and the previous history of bone fractures.ResultsWe showed a one-unit increase in the ln-serum zinc level was associated with an increase in the total spine BMD (ß = 0.068; S.E. = 0.028; P = 0.030) and total femur BMD (ß = 0.061; S.E. = 0.017; P = 0.003), while a one-unit increase in the ln-food zinc intake amount was correlated with an increase in the total femur BMD in the participants (ß = 0.023; S.E. = 0.009; P = 0.021). The ln-total zinc intake amount was correlated with an increase in the total femur BMD in women (ß = 0.016; S.E. = 0.007; P = 0.041). We also found food zinc intake was negatively correlated with the FRAX® score, while increased levels of all three zinc biomarkers were associated with a decreased incidence of previous bone fractures.ConclusionsIn this representative survey of American adults above 40 years old, higher zinc status was associated with higher total spine and femoral BMD, lower FRAX® scores, and lower incidence of previous fractures. If this finding is causal, increased zinc intake remains an important issue for Americans. 相似文献
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ObjectiveThe association between zinc intake and the risk of kidney stones remains controversial. We examined the associations between dietary zinc intake, supplemental zinc intake and serum zinc levels and the prevalence of kidney stones in adults.MethodsAdult participants from the 2007–2016 NHANES were included. Restricted cubic splines were adopted to assess the dose-response relationships.ResultsDietary zinc intake was linearly associated with the prevalence of kidney stones (Pfor non-linearity = 0.50), and the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of kidney stones were 0.75 (0.51–1.04) for 10 mg/day, 0.65 (0.39-0.97) for 20 mg/day, 0.53 (0.30-0.94) for 30 mg/day and 0.45 (0.22-0.95) for 40 mg/day. The linear relationship was also observed among women and overweight/obese individuals. No association was found between supplemental zinc intake and the prevalence of kidney stones. A non-linear relationship was found between serum zinc levels and the prevalence of kidney stones (Pfor non-linearity = 0.02), and the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of kidney stones were 0.52 (0.33-0.82) for 70 ug/dL, 0.43 (0.24-0.77) for 90 ug/dL, 0.56 (0.32-0.98) for 110 ug/dL and 0.77 (0.37–1.62) for 130 ug/dL. The non-linear relationship was also observed among men and overweight/obese individuals.ConclusionsDietary zinc intake and serum zinc levels were inversely associated with the prevalence of kidney stones in adults, and there may be effect modification by participant sex and body mass index. The present analysis is limited in its ability to establish causality. 相似文献
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Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of BMI based on self‐reported data by comparison with technician‐measured BMI and biomarkers of adiposity. Research Methods and Procedures: We analyzed data from 10,639 National Health and Nutrition Education Study III participants ≥20 years of age to compare BMI calculated from self‐reported weight and height with BMI from technician‐measured values and body fatness estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis in relation to systolic blood pressure, fasting blood levels of glucose, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, triglycerides, C‐reactive protein, and leptin. Results: BMI based on self‐reported data (25.07 kg/m2) was lower than BMI based on technician measurements (25.52 kg/m2) because of underreporting weight (?0.56 kg; 95% confidence interval, ?0.71, ?0.41) and overreporting height (0.76 cm; 95% confidence interval, 0.64, 0.88). However, the correlations between self‐reported and measured BMI values were very high (0.95 for whites, 0.93 for blacks, and 0.90 for Mexican Americans). In terms of biomarkers, self‐reported and measured BMI values were equally correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.43), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (r = ?0.53), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.54). Similar correlations were observed for both measures of BMI with plasma concentrations of triglycerides and leptin. These correlations did not differ appreciably by age, sex, ethnicity, or obesity status. Correlations for percentage body fat estimated through bioelectrical impedance analysis with these biomarkers were similar to those for BMI. Discussion: The accuracy of self‐reported BMI is sufficient for epidemiological studies using disease biomarkers, although inappropriate for precise measures of obesity prevalence. 相似文献
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Potential long-term health effects from tobacco products can be estimated by measuring changes in biochemical indicators of disease mechanisms like inflammation. This study assesses the potential relationships between biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH) and biomarkers of cigarette smoke exposure (BOE) based on data from the NHANES (2007–2012, n?=?17,293 respondents). Statistically significant relationships were observed between white blood cells (WBC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and BOE; between WBC and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and smoking status; and between WBC and HDL and smoking intensity. This analysis suggests that WBC and HDL are useful BOPH in studies assessing the health risks of cigarette smoking. 相似文献
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Greenland S 《Biometrics》2001,57(1):182-188
Standard presentations of epidemiological results focus on incidence-ratio estimates derived from regression models fit to specialized study data. These data are often highly nonrepresentative of populations for which public-health impacts must be evaluated. Basic methods are provided for interval estimation of attributable fractions from model-based incidence-ratio estimates combined with independent survey estimates of the exposure distribution in the target population of interest. These methods are illustrated in estimation of the potential impact of magnetic-field exposures on childhood leukemia in the United States, based on pooled data from 11 case-control studies and a U.S. sample survey of magnetic-field exposures. 相似文献
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Lionel R. Hertzog Aurélien Besnard Pierre Jay‐Robert 《Diversity & distributions》2014,20(12):1403-1413
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《Endocrine practice》2021,27(4):312-317
ObjectiveObesity is increasing worldwide, and certain endocrine disorders may contribute to weight gain. While several studies have examined the association between weight gain and prolactinomas, the results are conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if body mass index (BMI) is higher among those with prolactinomas than those without.MethodsWe identified patients ≥18 years of age referred to an endocrine clinic between 2008 and 2018 with newly diagnosed prolactinomas. We extracted the relevant information, and comparative data was obtained from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsIn total, 34 cases met the inclusion criteria. One third of the patients described weight gain at presentation. Those with prolactinomas had a significantly higher BMI than the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey population (median BMI, 29.8 kg/m2 vs 28.3 kg/m2, P = .0048). When stratified by sex, only men with prolactinomas had an increased BMI compared with the controls. Moreover, those with prolactinomas had a higher prevalence of class II obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) than the survey population (35% vs 18%, P = .01). Among the prolactinoma patients, a correlation was observed between BMI and log-transformed prolactin levels (R2 = 0.4, P = .0002).ConclusionWeight gain can be a presenting symptom for patients with newly diagnosed prolactinomas. Those with prolactinomas have a higher BMI and an increased prevalence of class II obesity. These findings suggest that patients should be counseled regarding weight issues related to prolactinomas at presentation and should be a consideration in the investigative and treatment algorithm of prolactinomas. 相似文献