胸腺肽α1联合恩替卡韦对乙肝肝硬化患者乙型肝炎e 抗原的影响*

目的:分析胸腺肽α1联合恩替卡韦治疗对于乙肝肝硬化患者的乙型肝炎e抗原(HBe Ag)的影响。方法:选取2013年4月至2016年4月于哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院感染二科住院和门诊复查的患者50例,随机将患者分为两组,应用胸腺肽α1联合恩替卡韦治疗的患者为实验组,共25例,单一应用恩替卡韦治疗的患者为对照组,共25例。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗半年后的肝功能、乙肝病毒载量以及HBe Ag定量。结果:治疗半年后,实验组患者的肝功能和乙肝病毒载量与对照组比较无明显差异(P0.05),实验组的HBe Ag量明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:胸腺肽α1联合恩替卡韦可以有效的降低HBe Ag量,促进e抗原转阴,减少病毒复制。     

恩替卡韦联合胸腺肽α1 治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效研究

目的:观察和比较恩替卡韦联合胸腺肽α1治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法:选取我院58例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者分成联合组和对照组。联合组28例,初始同时使用恩替卡韦及胸腺肽α124周,之后停胸腺肽α1继续用恩替卡韦至48周。对照组30例,单用恩替卡韦0.5mg/d,48周。定期检测ALT复常率,HBVDNA转阴率,HBeAg/抗HBe血清转换率,肝纤维化组合,Fibroscan评分两组在治疗结束时进行疗效评价。结果:24周时两组ALT复常率无差异显著性(P>0.05),联合组和对照组HBV DNA阴转率在24周、48周时均差异有显著性(P<0.05)。联合组与单用组HBeAg血清转换率在第24周、48周时,两组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。肝纤维化组合各指标(HA,LN,PⅢP,Ⅳ型胶原),Fibroscan评分两组治疗48周后比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05),且两组治疗前后差异联合组更显著。治疗过程中,未发现明显副作用。结论:恩替卡韦联合胸腺肽α1治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎,安全性与耐受性良好,联合组在ALT复常率,HBeAg血清转换率和HBV DNA转阴率,抗肝纤维化的疗效上显著优于单用恩替卡韦组。     

苦参碱联合恩替卡韦抗乙型肝炎病毒感染的作用及其机制

目的:探讨苦参碱联合恩替卡韦治疗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的疗效并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:选择2014年9月-2016年8月我院收治的HBeAg阳性乙肝患者98例,按治疗方法分为对照组和观察组,每组49例。对照组患者给予恩替卡韦治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上应用苦参碱联合治疗。分别在治疗后12、24、48周观察和比较两组患者的HBeAg转阴率、ALT复常率、HBV DNA转阴率、血清球蛋白水平。结果:观察组在治疗后24、48周的HBeAg转阴率、ALT复常率、HBV DNA转阴率均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组血清球蛋白水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组间不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:苦参碱联合恩替卡韦对于HBV具有较好的协同治疗作用,且安全性较好,可能与苦参碱降低血清转氨酶水平,增强患者免疫功能有关。     

乙肝患者肝组织乙型肝炎病毒cccDNA和血清MIF表达的相关性研究

目的:探讨乙肝患者肝组织乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)共价闭合环状DNA(covalently closed circular DNA,cccDNA)和血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(Macrophage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)的表达相关性。方法:选择2016年2月到2016年7月在我院诊治的乙肝患者144例作为乙肝组,同期选择体格检查健康者144例作为对照组,采集所有入选者的血清样本,检测血清MIF、谷丙转氨酶(Glutamic pyruvic transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(Glutamic pyruvic aminotransferase,AST)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)的表达,并对乙肝组患者肝组织HBV cccDNA采用荧光定量PCR技术检测表达分析,直线相关分析乙肝组的血清HBV cccDNA表达量与血清ALT、TBi L、AST、MIF含量相关性。结果:乙肝组的血清MIF、ALT、TBi L、AST含量均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。乙肝组的肝组织HBV cccDNA阳性率为54.17%(78/144)。直线相关分析显示乙肝组的肝组织HBV cccDNA表达量与血清ALT、TBi L、AST、MIF含量均呈现明显正相关性(P0.05)。结论:乙肝患者体内血清MIF水平明显升高,伴肝组织HBV cccDNA的表达也升高,两者存在明显的正相关性。因此检测血清MIF水平有助于评估乙肝患者HBV的感染情况。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者抗病毒药物治疗的疗效分析

目的分析慢性乙型肝炎患者抗病毒药物的治疗效果。方法选择2013年12月~2014年12月我院收治的慢性乙肝患者80例,随机分为两组各40例。对照组40例采用阿德福韦酯治疗,观察组40例采用恩替卡韦治疗,比较两组患者治疗后HBV-DNA、HBeAg转阴率等情况。结果观察组患者的血清HBV-DNA水平低于对照组,HBeAg血清学转换率高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论恩替卡韦对慢性乙型肝炎患者进行抗病毒治疗可有效减少其血清中的HBV-DNA,减轻临床症状,改善肝组织病理学,提高患者的生存质量及生活质量,值得临床推广。     

复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯对乙肝肝硬化患者肝功能和乙肝血清标 志物水平的影响

目的:探讨复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯对乙肝肝硬化患者肝功能和乙肝血清标志物水平的影响。方法:选择我院进行治疗的乙肝肝硬化患者60例,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组30例。对照组患者给予阿德福韦酯治疗,实验组患者在对照组基础上给予复方鳖甲软肝片治疗。比较治疗前后两组患者血浆白蛋白(ALB)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)及凝血酶源时间(PT)水平、不良反应、HBe Ag转阴率、HBV-DNA转阴率及HBe Ag血清转化率。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的血清ALB水平均升高,血清ALT、TBIL及PT水平均降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的血清ALB水平、HBe Ag转阴率、HBV-DNA转阴率及HBe Ag血清转化率较高,血清ALT、TBIL、PT水平、不良反应发生率较低(P0.05)。结论:复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯较单用阿德福韦酯可更有效改善乙肝肝硬化患者的肝功能,并抑制病毒的复制,且安全性较高。     

恩替卡韦对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者TNF-α及CEA水平的影响

目的:探究恩替卡韦对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者TNT-α,CEA水平及临床疗效的影响研究。方法:选取我院慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者39例,随机分为实验组(20例)和对照组(19例)。对照组予拉米夫定治疗,实验组予恩替卡韦治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清TNF-α,CEA及肝功能水平变化以及HBV DNA转阴率。结果:实验组患者的总有效率(95.0%)高于对照组(73.7%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血清ALT,AST及TNF-α水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者治疗后血清ALT,AST及TNF-α水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者HBV DNA转阴率较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙肝病毒性肝炎的临床效果较好,能够降低TNT-α水平,提高HBV DNA转阴率,改善患者肝功能,值得临床推广应用。     

恩替卡韦联合聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗HBeAg阳性乙肝的临床研究

目的:探讨恩替卡韦联合聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗乙型肝炎E抗原(HBeAg)阳性乙肝的临床疗效、安全性及对相关标志物的影响。方法:选取2015年10月至2017年10月我院收治的97例HBeAg阳性乙肝患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组48例和观察组49例。对照组患者采用单纯皮下注射聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b注射剂治疗,观察组采用恩替卡韦联合聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗。比较两组患者治疗后的临床疗效、谷草转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、乙肝病毒的脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)含量以及ALT复常率、HBeAg血清转换率、HBV-DNA转阴率及不良反应发生率。结果:观察组总治疗有效率为91.84%,明显高于对照组的77.55%(P0.05);治疗后,观察组的ALT、AST、HBV-DNA含量明显低于对照组(P0.05),观察组的ALT复常率、HBeAg血清学转换率、HBV-DNA转阴率明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组治疗期间不良反应发生率为30.61%,与对照组的29.17%比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:恩替卡韦联合聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗HBeAg阳性乙肝较单用干扰素的抗病毒治疗疗效更高,可降低传染性,用药安全性较好。     

乙肝患者HBsAg定量与乙肝病毒DNA定量及谷丙转氨酶水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨乙型肝炎患者血清中乙肝表面抗原(HBs Ag)定量与乙肝病毒(HBV)DNA定量及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平的相关性。方法:收集124例乙肝患者血清,采用化学发光法检测HBs Ag水平,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测HBV-DNA水平,采用全自动生化分析仪检测ALT水平,分析三者之间的相关性。结果:HBs Ag水平与HBV-DNA含量存在正相关性,HBV-DNA含量与ALT水平存在正相关性,而HBs Ag水平与ALT水平无明显相关性。结论:联合检测3项指标可对乙肝患者HBV感染、复制、传染性以及机体的免疫性做出准确判断。     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者HBeAg血清学自然转换及其影响因素分析

目的了解慢性乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染者乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis Be antigen,HBe Ag)血清学自然转换及其影响因素。方法以寿光市2012年3个强化干预镇街道农村居民乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)专项调查确诊的HBe Ag阳性感染者的血清学检测结果为基线,与2015年随访的血清学检测结果对比分析。用ELISA检测乙肝血清标志物,用实时荧光定量PCR检测HBV DNA载量,采用速率法检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)。结果 HBe Ag阳性者340例,随访3年,HBe Ag转阴142例,年转阴率13.92%;抗-HBe转换92例,年转换率9.02%。HBe Ag转阴/转换率与HBV DNA载量负相关(r=-0.227,P0.001;r=-0.193,P0.001);HBe Ag转阴/转换率与年龄有关,6~20岁组转阴/转换率低,随年龄增长HBe Ag转阴/转换率增高,各年龄组差异均有统计学意义(χ2=22.74,P0.01;χ2=30.34,P0.01);性别不是HBe Ag转换率的主要影响因素(P0.05)。血清学转换后,HBV DNA载量、ALT水平均较转换前有明显的下降,但仍有一定比例的感染者检出高拷贝的HBV DNA载量。结论 HBV感染过程中存在着HBe Ag血清学自然转换,年龄是HBV DNA载量的主要影响因素,HBe Ag与HBV DNA载量的变化并不完全一致。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.