TIMP-1转基因小鼠纯合子的建立及建系

采用遗传学育种方法 ,使外源基因整合位点随机的基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂 1(TIMP 1)转基因小鼠成为单一整合位点的纯合子转基因小鼠而建立TIMP 1转基因小鼠品系 .通过受精卵原核显微注射方法 ,获得带有人TIMP 1基因的Founder小鼠 .将转基因小鼠与正常小鼠交配 ,得到子代小鼠 .通过PCR及Southern印迹等方法 ,检测TIMP 1DNA在转基因小鼠体内的整合情况 ,阳性率达5 0 %后 ,进行近亲交配 .提取小鼠组织总RNA ,Northern印迹分析阳性小鼠各组织外源性TIMP 1mRNA表达情况 ,以正常NIH小鼠做对照 .获得了 6代小鼠共 4 2 4只 ,其中PCR阳性鼠 2 72只 ,Southern阳性鼠 2 2 6只 ,纯合子转基因小鼠 12 8只 ;F4代后阳性率达到 95 %以上 .转基因小鼠TIMP 1基因表达情况在肾脏的丰度明显高于肝脏和脾脏 (P <0 0 1) ,而肝和脾之间并没有显著差异 (P>0 0 5 ) .外源基因在转基因小鼠体内可以稳定遗传 ,并得到了整合有TIMP 1基因的纯合子转基因小鼠 ,且在阳性的转基因小鼠体内在肾脏中特异性表达 ,为以后开展TIMP 1的肾脏病理生理研究提供了有用的手段     

骨形成蛋白4条件性RNA干扰小鼠的建立

为研究骨形成蛋白4(Bone morphogenetic protein 4, BMP4)在骨骼发育中的作用, 我们以含有LoxPneo的pBSK/U6载体为骨架, 构建小鼠BMP4条件性RNAi(conditional RNA interference), CRNA; 载体(BMP4CRNAi), 经KpnⅠ和AflⅢ双酶切获取针对bmp4并含neo基因的目的干扰片段, 纯化后的目的片段显微注射入0.5 d的FVB/NJ小鼠受精卵, 并植入同期发情的假孕母鼠中, 获取G0代转基因小鼠; 利用PCR对G0代转基因小鼠基因型进行鉴定, PCR阳性的小鼠与FVB/NJ小鼠交配, 最终获取稳定传代的BMP4CRNAi小鼠。稳定传代的BMP4^CRNAi小鼠与成骨和软骨前体细胞表达Cre的转基因小鼠(Col2a1-Cre)交配, 获取BMP4^Col2a1-CRNAi小鼠。分离BMP4Col2a1-CRNAi小鼠原代软骨细胞, 提取总RNA, 利用半定量RT-PCR检测RNA干扰效率。小鼠基因型鉴定结果表明：成功获得条件性RNAi转基因小鼠; BMP4干扰效率检测结果表明：在软骨细胞中BMP4的干扰效率为81％。以上结果表明, 我们成功制备了BMP4^CRNAi小鼠和BMP4^Col2a1-CRNAi小鼠, BMP4^CRNAi小鼠与不同Cre转基因小鼠交配, 可以研究BMP4在不同细胞、组织和器官的功能, BMP4^Col2a1-CRNAi小鼠的获得为研究BMP4在软骨发育中的作用提供了合适的动物模型。     

RNA干扰沉默低氧诱导因子-1α对低氧下大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

本研究应用基因克隆技术,将合成的发卡样特异性低氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha,HIF-1α）干扰寡核苷酸（siRNA）序列插入真核表达载体中,构建出特异性HIF-1α基因RNA干扰（RNAi）真核表达载体。采用组织块种植法,原代培养大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells,PASMCs）,将构建出的特异性HIF-1αRNAi真核表达载体转染到PASMCs;分别在常氧和低氧下进行细胞培养,采用RT-PCR检测PASMCsHIF-1αmRNA表达水平,用MTT和流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖水平,探讨低氧条件下HIF-1αRNAi真核表达载体对PASMCs增殖的影响。结果表明,低氧培养48h后,正常PASMCs和转染了HIF-1αsiRNA阴性表达载体的细胞增殖显著,HIF-1αmRNA表达水平也显著升高;而转染了HIF-1αsiRNA阳性表达质粒的细胞增殖不显著,HIF-1αmRNA表达水平较低。结果提示：HIF-1αRNAi真核表达载体能显著干扰培养的PASMCsHIF-1αmRNA表达,同时抑制低氧环境下PASMCs的增殖。     

应用RNA干扰技术体外抑制兔成纤维细胞HGPRT的表达及其核移植研究

次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶( hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase,HGPRT )的功能缺失与痛风、肾结石和雷纳综合症(Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome)等疾病相关．制作HGPRT基因表达降低的模式动物,将有利于人们对这种疾病的发病机理和治疗做进一步的研究．构建了针对HGPRT基因表达的shRNA干扰载体,并将质粒转染兔成纤维细胞,获得携带该干扰片段的转基因细胞系,经PCR鉴定转基因成纤维细胞克隆阳性率为83.3%．RT-PCR及Western blot检测结果表明转基因干扰成纤维细胞系HGPRT mRNA和蛋白质表达量明显降低．最后,以转基因成纤维细胞进行核移植,囊胚率为27.8%,与正常来源的成纤维细胞囊胚率相比较差异不显著．说明,通过RNAi可稳定干扰兔成纤维细胞HGPRT基因的表达,为进一步通过核移植技术建立HGPRT RNAi转基因兔模型创造条件．     

Tet-on诱导表达c-myc和SV40Tag的转基因小鼠肿瘤模型

目的研究Tet-on诱导表达c-myc和SV40Tag小鼠肿瘤模型的肿瘤发生和基因表达情况,探讨c-myc基因的作用。方法用pTRE2-c-myc单阳性转基因小鼠和Tet-on、pTRE2-SV40Tag双阳性转基因小鼠交配,后代检测得到Tet-onp、TRE2-SV40Tag、pTRE2-c-myc三阳性转基因小鼠,经强力霉素诱导一段时间以后,观察肿瘤的发生;通过RT-PCR、病理组织切片和磁共振等方法对肿瘤的发生部位和时相进行研究。结果Tet-on、pTRE2-SV40Tag、pTRE2-c-myc三阳性转基因小鼠①经诱导后发生肿瘤,且发瘤率和发瘤时间高于和短于Tet-on、pTRE2-SV40Tag双阳性转基因小鼠;②c-myc和SV40Tag基因在表达部位上有所不同。结论c-myc和SV40Tag基因同时表达与SV40Tag基因单独表达时相比,肿瘤发生明显增强,提示c-myc基因与肿瘤的发生有着密切关系。     

HIF-1α激活的长链非编码RNA-ANRIL与肺腺癌的关系的研究

目的:现已经证实缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1α)与肺腺癌(lung adenocarcinoma,LA)侵袭性有关。INK4基因座中反义非编码RNA(CDKN2B antisense RNA 1,ANRIL)是目前确认的能够促进肿瘤发生发展的一种长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lnc RNA)。而本研究即探究在肺腺癌中HIF-1α与ANRIL之间是否存在一定的联系。方法:利用实时定量PCR技术(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,q RT-PCR)检测人体肺腺癌组织和肺腺癌细胞系A549中HIF-1α和ANRIL的表达水平,然后利用小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,si RNA)和基因过表达技术使HIF-1α低量和过量表达,再检测肺腺癌细胞系A549中ANRIL表达水平的变化。结果:ANRIL和HIF-1α在人体肺腺癌组织和肺腺癌细胞系A549中的表达水平呈现正相关,而且ANRIL和HIF-1α在癌组织中的表达水平均高于癌旁组织,并且通过HIF-1α的低量和过量表达,ANRIL亦呈现相应的变化。结论:ANRIL和HIF-1α在肺腺癌组织中的表达具有相关性,而且HIF-1α能够刺激激活ANRIL的表达,因此ANRIL-HIF-1α可能为肺腺癌的诊疗提供一个崭新的靶点。     

人HIF-1α的腺病毒表达载体的构建与分析

低氧诱导因子1 (hypoxia inducible factor 1, HIF1)是由HIF1α和 HIF1β组成的异源二聚体转录因子,在细胞的氧平衡过程中起重要作用。在应答低氧信号时,HIF1α亚基表达水平上调,并通过激活参与细胞能量代谢、红血细胞生成以及血管生成的靶基因表达,达到保护局部缺/贫血细胞免于凋亡或死亡,而后者则是临床上影响大脑和脊椎神经损伤恢复的主要原因。为了达到基因治疗急性神经损伤的目的,我们构建了表达HIF-1α的重组腺病毒载体。实验表明,重组腺病毒可以在大肠杆菌中组装,并在HEK293T细胞中包装。包装后的HIF-1α重组腺病毒载体的病毒感染效率为2×10¹³CFU,外源基因HIF-1α在He1a细胞中的表达6 h后达到峰值。目前正在开展建立在此基础上的急性神经损伤动物模型试验。     

增强子驱动的Cre转基因小鼠的构建及Cre基因的表达鉴定

目的:探索将增强子应用于构建Cre转基因小鼠品系,为以条件基因敲除为基础的基因功能研究提供更多的工具。方法:通过PCR方法从小鼠的细菌人工染色体扩增UH增强子片段,构建含有Hsp68基础启动子、增强子UH、Cre重组酶基因和SV40 polyA的转基因载体pLW400,将3.3 kb的转基因片段通过显微注射导入小鼠受精卵;为了检测Cre在转基因小鼠中的表达,将转基因一代小鼠与纯合子ROSA26报告小鼠(R/R)交配,收集第14 d胚胎期(E14)的舌组织进行LacZ染色检测鉴定。结果:经鉴定,31只子代小鼠中有6只携带外源基因,整合率为19.4%;与R/+对照相比,E14期的双基因型Cre,R/+舌组织为阳性结果(蓝色)。这表明Cre基因在转基因小鼠舌组织内得到表达,并在体内介导ROSA26基因座loxP位点间的重组,且有效删除了2个loxP之间的片段,从而启动了LacZ基因的表达。结论:构建了UH增强子-Hsp68Cre的转基因小鼠,在舌肌中特异表达Cre基因,提示增强子可以被选择应用于Cre转基因小鼠的构建;为舌肌的发育和再生研究奠定了基础。     

拟南芥热激转录因子耐高温功能分析

从拟南芥基因组中克隆了热激转录因子(At Hsf A6a),构建了过量表达(over-expression,OE)和反义(anti-sense,AS)植物表达载体并转化拟南芥,获得了拟南芥纯合转基因株系。对其进行耐高温处理,结果显示:43℃处理2 h,过量表达转基因植株存活率(86%)远高于野生型(59%);而反义转基因植株存活率则只有43%,显著低于野生型。43℃处理0.5 h,过量表达转基因植株的离子渗漏水平显著低于野生型,而反义转基因植株则大幅度升高。基因表达分析证明,AtHsfA6a的表达受热胁迫诱导,并且Hsp70是受AtHsfA6a调控的下游靶基因。上述结果表明,拟南芥AtHsfA6a可能通过调节Hsp70表达,提高植物耐受高温胁迫的能力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.