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1.
Nicholas J. Bond Albert Koulman Julian L. Griffin Zoe Hall 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):128
Introduction
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) experiments result in complex multi-dimensional datasets, which require specialist data analysis tools.Objectives
We have developed massPix—an R package for analysing and interpreting data from MSI of lipids in tissue.Methods
massPix produces single ion images, performs multivariate statistics and provides putative lipid annotations based on accurate mass matching against generated lipid libraries.Results
Classification of tissue regions with high spectral similarly can be carried out by principal components analysis (PCA) or k-means clustering.Conclusion
massPix is an open-source tool for the analysis and statistical interpretation of MSI data, and is particularly useful for lipidomics applications.2.
Thijs Welle Anna T. Hoekstra Ineke A. J. J. M. Daemen Celia R. Berkers Matheus O. Costa 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(7):83
Introduction
Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a production limiting disease in pig farming. Currently antimicrobial therapy is the only treatment and control method available.Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolic response of porcine colon explants to infection by B. hyodysenteriae.Methods
Porcine colon explants exposed to B. hyodysenteriae were analyzed for histopathological, metabolic and pro-inflammatory gene expression changes.Results
Significant epithelial necrosis, increased levels of l-citrulline and IL-1α were observed on explants infected with B. hyodysenteriae.Conclusions
The spirochete induces necrosis in vitro likely through an inflammatory process mediated by IL-1α and NO.3.
Korey J. Brownstein Mahmoud Gargouri William R. Folk David R. Gang 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):133
Introduction
Botanicals containing iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides are used worldwide for the treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions that are primary causes of human years lived with disability, such as arthritis and lower back pain.Objectives
We report the analysis of candidate anti-inflammatory metabolites of several endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus used medicinally by peoples of North America.Methods
Leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed in MetaboAnalyst 3.0 after processing the datasets in Progenesis QI.Results
Comparison of the datasets revealed significant and differential accumulation of iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides in the tissues of the endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus.Conclusions
Our investigation identified several species of pharmacological interest as good sources for harpagoside and other important anti-inflammatory metabolites.4.
Ying Tang Peifen Liang Junzhe Chen Sha Fu Bo Liu Min Feng Baojuan Lin Ben Lee Anping Xu Hui Y. Lan 《Immunity & ageing : I & A》2018,15(1):21
Background
Recent studies show that C-reactive protein (CRP) is not only a biomarker but also a pathogenic mediator contributing to the development of inflammation and ageing-related diseases. However, serum levels of CRP in the healthy ageing population remained unclear, which was investigated in the present study.Methods
Serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum creatinine (SCr), serum uric acid (SUA) were measured in 6060healthy subjects (3672 male and 2388 female, mean age:45.9 years) who received routine physical examination at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China.Results
In total of 6060 healthy people, serum levels of hs-CRP were significantly increased with ageing (P?<?0.05), particularly in those with age over 45-year-old (1.31[0.69–2.75] vs 1.05[0.53–2.16]mg/L, P?<?0.001). Interestingly, levels of serum hs-CRP were significantly higher in male than female population (1.24[0.65–2.57] vs 1.07[0.53–2.29]mg/L, P?<?0.001). Correlation analysis also revealed that serum levels of hs-CRP positively correlated with age and SUA, but inversely correlated with serum levels of HDL-c and SOD (all P?<?0.05).Conclusions
Baseline levels of serum hs-CRP are increased with ageing and are significantly higher in male than female healthy population. In addition, elevated serum levels of hs-CRP are also associated with increased SUA but decreased HDL-c and SOD. Thus, serum levels of hs-CRP may be an indicator associated with ageing in healthy Chinese population.5.
Chih-Yueh Liu Chang-Ching Weng Chih-Hsiang Lin Chiou-Ying Yang Kwok-Kong Tony Mong Yaw-Kuen Li 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(3):407-413
Objectives
A Neissaria bacterial pilus sugar, bacillosamine, was synthesized and, for the first time, used as a probe to screen a single-chain variable fragment (scFv).Results
Four Neisseria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria sicca and Neisseria subflava, and two negative controls, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were tested through ELISA, immunostaining and gold nanoparticle immunological assay. All results indicated that the selected scFv is feasible for the specific detection of Neisseria species via the recognition of bacillosamine.Conclusions
The recombinant scFv could detect Neisseria strains at 106 CFU/ml.6.
Objective
Maternal immunity is important for the implantation phase, and exaggerated inflammatory responses may reduce the chance of implantation and pregnancy. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a role in the modulation of cellular growth, maturation and differentiation, extracellular matrix formation, immunoregulation, and apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the changes in serum TGF-β1 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in infertile women following intrauterine insemination (IUI) according to the presence of pregnancy.Methods
Sixty-three infertile patients were selected for the study in a nine-month period. Clomiphene citrate or recombinant gonadotropins were used for ovulation induction, and all patients underwent IUI following human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger. The pregnant and non-pregnant groups’ TGF-β1 and CRP levels were measured.Results
The CRP levels increased significantly from the day of the hCG trigger to the 8th day after hCG trigger in the non-pregnant group (P = 0.003) whereas TGF-β1 levels decreased in the pregnant group (P = 0.001).Conclusion
Maternal inflammatory responses play an important role in the occurrence of pregnancy. Changes in the levels of TGF-β1 and CRP may have a role in the outcome of IUI. Serial measurements of TGF-β1 and C-reactive protein, if confirmed by larger studies, may become valuable in predicting the outcome of IUI.7.
Objectives
To develop a versatile Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina) expression system for the high-purity production of heterologous proteins.Results
The versatile T. reesei expression system is based on xyn1 and xyn2 promoters, A824V transition in XYRI, and a bicomponent carbon source strategy. Red fluorescent protein gene rfp and alkaline endoglucanase EGV gene egv3 from Humicola insolens were used as reporter genes to test our versatile expression systemConclusions
The versatile T. reesei expression system can be applied to produce heterologous proteins with high purity and high yield.8.
Yibin Zhuang Jingjie Jiang Huiping Bi Hua Yin Shaowei Liu Tao Liu 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(4):619-627
Objectives
To produce rosmarinic acid analogues in the recombinant Escherichia coli BLRA1, harboring a 4-coumarate: CoA ligase from Arabidopsis thaliana (At4CL) and a rosmarinic acid synthase from Coleus blumei (CbRAS).Results
Incubation of the recombinant E. coli strain BLRA1 with exogenously supplied phenyllactic acid (PL) and analogues as acceptor substrates, and coumaric acid and analogues as donor substrates led to production of 18 compounds, including 13 unnatural RA analogues.Conclusion
This work demonstrates the viability of synthesizing a broad range of rosmarinic acid analogues in E. coli, and sheds new light on the substrate specificity of CbRAS.9.
Thais Freitas da Silva Renata Estebanez Vollú Joana Montezano Marques Joana Falcão Salles Lucy Seldin 《Plant and Soil》2017,414(1-2):69-79
Background
The fungus Colletotrichum is a plant pathogen that causes the anthracnose disease, resulting in huge losses in various crops including the rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Although the bacterial community associated with plants has an important role in the establishment of plant diseases, little is known about what happens in P. graveolens.Aims
To increase the knowledge about the bacterial community associated with P. graveolens and its relationship with anthracnose disease symptoms.Methods
Quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing were combined to determine the presence of the fungus Colletotrichum and to reveal the bacterial communities associated with different plant parts – root, stem and leaf – and in the rhizosphere and bulk soil, and also to determine the respective bacterial communities associated with P. graveolens leaves symptomatic and asymptomatic for anthracnose disease.Results
The fungus Colletotrichum was detected in all plant parts and in the surrounding soil. Bacterial communities varied spatially in plants, and the disease symptoms also influenced the composition of the bacterial community. Abundances of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria and to the genus Streptococcus were greatly increased in asymptomatic leaves.Conclusions
The bacterial community associated to geranium leaves responds to anthracnose symptoms.10.
Ying-ge Wang Jin-mei Cheng Hai-bo Ding Xi Lin Guo-hao Chen Mei Zhou Sheng-nan Ye 《Mycopathologia》2018,183(3):551-558
Objective
To improve the diagnosis and treatment of Penicilliosis marneffei without human immunodeficiency virus infection.Methods
Analyze and review the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of six cases of P. marneffei without human immunodeficiency virus infection at The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University.Results
Two cases were diagnosed in the ENT Department, three cases in the respiratory department and one case in the dermatological department. Penicillium marneffei infection was confirmed by sputum culture, blood culture and tissue biopsy. After definite diagnosis, one refused further treatment, and others showed significant improvement.Conclusion
Penicilliosis marneffei is insidious onset and easy to be escaped and misdiagnosed. To achieve early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, doubtful cases should be alerted for the diagnoses as P. marneffei.11.
12.
Margarita Stritzler Ana Diez Tissera Gabriela Soto Nicolás Ayub 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(9-10):1419-1423
Objectives
Identification of novel microbial factors contributing to plant protection against abiotic stress.Results
The genome of plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens FR1 contains a short mobile element encoding a novel type of extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymerase (PhbC) associated with a type I secretion system. Genetic analysis using a phbC mutant strain and plants showed that this novel extracellular enzyme is related to the PHB production in planta and suggests that PHB could be a beneficial microbial compound synthesized during plant adaptation to cold stress.Conclusion
Extracellular PhbC can be used as a new tool for improve crop production under abiotic stress.13.
Adrià Arboix Luis García-Eroles Montserrat Oliveres Cecília Targa Miquel Balcells Joan Massons 《BMC neurology》2010,10(1):47
Background
Data from different studies suggest a favourable association between pretreatment with statins or hypercholesterolemia and outcome after ischaemic stroke. We examined whether there were differences in in-hospital mortality according to the presence or absence of statin therapy in a large population of first-ever ischaemic stroke patients and assessed the influence of statins upon early death and spontaneous neurological recovery.Methods
In 2,082 consecutive patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke collected from a prospective hospital-based stroke registry during a period of 19 years (1986-2004), statin use or hypercholesterolemia before stroke was documented in 381 patients. On the other hand, favourable outcome defined as grades 0-2 in the modified Rankin scale was recorded in 382 patients.Results
Early outcome was better in the presence of statin therapy or hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol levels were not measured) with significant differences between the groups with and without pretreatment with statins in in-hospital mortality (6% vs 13.3%, P = 0.001) and symptom-free (22% vs 17.5%, P = 0.025) and severe functional limitation (6.6% vs 11.5%, P = 0.002) at hospital discharge, as well as lower rates of infectious respiratory complications during hospitalization. In the logistic regression model, statin therapy was the only variable inversely associated with in-hospital death (odds ratio 0.57) and directly associated with favourable outcome (odds ratio 1.32).Conclusions
Use of statins or hypercholesterolemia before first-ever ischaemic stroke was associated with better early outcome with a reduced mortality during hospitalization and neurological disability at hospital discharge. However, statin therapy may increase the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage, particularly in the setting of thrombolysis.14.
Dorota?Mańkowska-Wierzbicka Ewelina?Swora-Cwynar Barbara?Poniedzia?ek Zygmunt?Adamski Agnieszka?Dobrowolska Jacek?Karczewski
Introduction
This study aimed to compare the accuracy of selected laboratory markers in assessing disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The analysis included serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, hsCRP, peripheral regulatory T cells, as well as fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin.Patients and methods
A group of 45 adults with UC was enrolled in the study. Disease activity was assessed using the Mayo endoscopic index, while for clinical activity scoring, the Clinical Activity Index (CAI) was used. Concentrations of markers investigated were estimated by means of flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays: the results were correlated with both indices.Results
The study demonstrated that both fecal markers, i.e. calprotectin (r = 0.880, P<0.001) and lactoferrin (r = 0.799, P<0.001) correlated closely with the Mayo endoscopic score, and might be used to evaluate the severity of UC in the clinical setting. The correlation of these markers with CAI was also significant, with r = 0.831 for calprotectin (P<0.001) and r = 0.672 for lactoferrin (P<0.05). As for the other markers investigated, only IL-6 (r = 0.598, P<0.001), IL-17A (r = 0.587, P<0.005), and TNF-α (r = 0.701, P<0.001) correlated closely with the Mayo endoscopic index. The correlation of the markers with CAI was also significant, though weaker, with r = 0.525 for IL-6 (P<0.001), r = 0.587 for IL-17A (P<0.05), and r = 0.624 for TNF-α (P<0.001).Discussion
Despite the fact, that UC is generally considered to be an IL-13-driven, Th2-like type of disease, markers of inflammation such as serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, TNF-α, fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin might be useful in assessing disease activity.15.
Jalali Seyyed Mostafa Morteza Abdollahi Atiyeh Hosseini Dehghani Kari Bozorg Ajami Marjan Azadeh Kimia Moiniafshar 《生物学前沿》2018,13(6):475-480
Introduction
Cancer and chemotherapy-induced malnutrition increase death, reduce the response to treatment, and increase multiple kinds of side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Mediterranean-neutropenic diet on the nutritional status of acute myeloid leukemia patients under chemotherapy.Materials and Methods
50 patients were divided into two groups by a random allocation scheme: the Mediterranean-neutropenic diet (n = 25) and the neutropenic diet group (n = 25). The intervention was implemented during a one month period. The nutritional status was evaluated based on PG-SGA. Serum albumin levels and dietary intake were also measured.Results
After the intervention, the mean serum albumin level in the intervention group was significantly higher than the beginning of the study (p = 0.09) and in comparison with the control group (p = 0.01). Also, the mean serum albumin level in the control group significantly decreased at the end of the study compared to the beginning of the study (p = 0.03). After intervention, the nutritional status of the patients in the intervention group was significantly improved compared to the control group.Conclusion
In general, based on the results of this study, the Mediterranean neutropenic diet improves nutritional status during chemotherapy by increasing food intake, preventing weight loss and increasing serum albumin levels16.
Introduction
Cellulose microfibril is a major cell wall polymer that plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. The gene cellulose synthase A (CesA), encoding cellulose synthases, is involved in the synthesis of cellulose microfibrils. However, the regulatory mechanism of CesA gene expression is not well understood, especially during the early developmental stages.Objective
To identify factor(s) that regulate the expression of CesA genes and ultimately control seedling growth and development.Methods
The presence of cis-elements in the promoter region of the eight CesA genes identified in flax (Linum usitatissimum L. ‘Nike’) seedlings was verified, and three kinds of ethylene-responsive cis-elements were identified in the promoters. Therefore, the effect of ethylene on the expression of four selected CesA genes classified into Clades 1 and 6 after treatment with 10?4 and 10?3 M 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was examined in the hypocotyl of 4–6-day-old flax seedlings.Results
ACC-induced ethylene either up- or down-regulated the expression of the CesA genes depending on the clade to which these genes belonged, age of seedlings, part of the hypocotyl, and concentration of ACC.Conclusion
Ethylene might be one of the factors regulating the expression of CesA genes in flax seedlings.17.
Chan Carusone S Smieja M Molloy W Goldsmith CH Mahony J Chernesky M Gnarpe J Standish T Smith S Loeb M 《BMC neurology》2004,4(1):15
Background
Chronic inflammation appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. Given the association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and stroke, the possibility exists that previous exposure to C. pneumoniae may play a role in vascular dementia. The objective of this study was to determine if there was an association between serological evidence of C. pneumoniae infection or inflammatory markers with vascular dementia.Methods
28 case-patients with vascular dementia at a geriatric clinic and 24 caregiver-controls were tested for C. pneumoniae IgG and IgA antibodies. The association between vascular dementia and C. pneumoniae titres as well as inflammatory markers was estimated by using both conditional logistic regression and stratified logistic regression.Results
When matched cases were compared to controls, there was no significant difference in elevated C. pneumoniae specific IgG antibodies (titre ≥ 1:32), odds ratio [OR] 1.3 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.3 to 6.0), p = 0.71, or in elevated C. pneumoniae specific IgA antibodies (titre ≥ 1:16), OR 2.0 (95%CI 0.5 to 8.0), p = 0.33 indicative of past or persistent C. pneumoniae infection. Similarly, no difference in high IgG or IgA antibody levels (IgG titre ≥ 1:512 or IgA titre ≥ 1:64) between the two groups, indicative of recent C. pneumoniae infection, was found, OR 0.4 (95%CI 0.1 to 2.1), p = 0.27. For C-reactive protein (CRP), the mean difference between 18 matched pairs (case – control) was – 3.33 mg/L. There was no significant difference between cases and controls when comparing log transformed values, OR 0.03 (95%CI 0.00 to 2.89), p = 0.13 or comparing CRP values above or below the median, OR 0.8 (95%CI 0.2 to 3.4), p = 0.71. For fibrinogen, the mean difference between pairs (case – control) was -0.07 g/L. There was no statistical difference between cases and controls when comparing log transformed values, OR 0.6 (95%CI 0.0 to 31.2), p = 0.79 or between fibrinogen values above and below the median, OR = 0.5 (95%CI 0.1 to 2.0), p = 0.50.Conclusion
We found no evidence for a significant association between C. pneumoniae infection, inflammatory markers such as CRP and fibrinogen, and vascular dementia.18.
Dagmara Głód 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(5):767-773
Objective
To generate Candida antarctica lipase A (CAL-A) mutants with modified fatty acid selectivities and improved lipolytic activities using error-prone PCR (epPCR).Results
A Candida antarctica lipase A mutant was obtained in three rounds of epPCR. This mutant showed a 14 times higher ability to hydrolyze triacylglycerols containing conjugated linoleic acids, and was 12 and 14 times more selective towards cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers respectively, compared to native lipase. Lipolytic activities towards fatty acid esters were markedly improved, in particular towards butyric, lauric, stearic and palmitic esters.Conclusion
Directed molecular evolution is an efficient method to generate lipases with desirable selectivity towards CLA isomers and improved lipolytic activities towards esters of fatty acids.19.
BACKGROUND
Microbes affect the growth of plants. In this study, the diversity and plant growth-supporting activities of wheat rhizospheric bacteria were examined.METHODS
Sampling was performed thrice at different phases of plant growth. Microbes associated with the rhizoplane of three wheat varieties (Seher, Lasani, and Faisalabad) were cultured and assessed for their plant growth-promoting abilities based on auxin production, hydrogen cyanide production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation.RESULTS
Bacterial load (CFU/mL) declined, and the succession of bacterial diversity occurred as the plants aged. Most auxin-producing bacteria and the highest concentrations of auxin (77 μg/mL) were observed during the second sampling point at the tillering stage. The Seher variety harbored the most auxin-producing as well as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Most of the bacteria belonged to Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Planomicrobium, Serratia, Rhizobium, Brevundimonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Exiguobacterium sp. were also found.CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the rhizoplane microbiota associated with higher-yield plant varieties have better plant growth-promoting abilities as compared to the microbiota associated with lower-yield plant varieties.20.
Qiong Xu Chun-yang Li Yi Wang Hui-ping Li Bing-bing Wu Yong-hui Jiang 《BMC medical genomics》2018,11(1):92