大豆生理生态特性与产量的关系

比较研究了1970s、1980s和1990s期间不同大豆 ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)品种的生理生态特性:光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度、水分利用效率、胞间CO2浓度和叶片水势,分析了各生理生态特性之间以及与产量在不同生育期的关系.研究表明光合速率和产量之间存在显著的相关关系,高产大豆同时具有高的气孔导度和水势,胞间CO2浓度则很低,特别是在鼓粒期关系更为显著.高产大豆的光合作用在鼓粒期达到最高值,光合作用日变化呈双峰曲线.在鼓粒期高产大豆的光合产物大量运往籽粒中,对于高产品种和高光效-"源"固然重要,而"流"-光合产物的合理运转和分配对产量则更为重要.     

大豆生理生态特性与产量的关系(英文)

比较研究了 1 970s、1 980s和 1 990s期间不同大豆 (Glycinemax (L .)Merr.)品种的生理生态特性 :光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度、水分利用效率、胞间CO2 浓度和叶片水势 ,分析了各生理生态特性之间以及与产量在不同生育期的关系。研究表明光合速率和产量之间存在显著的相关关系 ,高产大豆同时具有高的气孔导度和水势 ,胞间CO2 浓度则很低 ,特别是在鼓粒期关系更为显著。高产大豆的光合作用在鼓粒期达到最高值 ,光合作用日变化呈双峰曲线。在鼓粒期高产大豆的光合产物大量运往籽粒中 ,对于高产品种和高光效_“源”固然重要 ,而“流”_光合产物的合理运转和分配对产量则更为重要     

超级杂交水稻谷粒产量与叶光合速率的关系

在2000～2005年期间,通过测定几种超级杂交水稻与普通杂交水稻‘汕优63’的产量构成和叶片光合作用探讨了谷粒产量与光合作用的关系。结果表明:(1)4种超级杂交水稻‘培矮64S/E32’、‘P88S/O293’、‘金23A/611’和‘GD-lS/ RB207’的产量水平显著高于‘汕优63’,是对照的108%～120%。(2)与‘汕优63’相比,这些超级杂交水稻的株型好,上层叶片直立,穗大即每穗粒数多,是对照的125%～177%。(3)与‘汕优63’相比,这些组合第二叶的净光合速率显著提高,但第一叶即剑叶的未必都较高。(4)去半叶处理降低了‘GD-1S/RB207’的结实率,而去半穗处理显著提高了结实率。因此,这些超级杂交水稻的高产原因在于穗大、株型好以及群体光能利用效率高。增加单叶特别是剑叶的光合能力是克服谷粒产量的光合产物源限制和在未来的超级杂交水稻育种中实现产量潜力新突破的关键。     

Relationship between Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Grain Yield in Spring Wheat Cultivated under Different Water Regimes

In C₃ plants, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as an indirect selection criterion for grain yield. Reported correlations between Δ and grain yield however, differ highly according to the analyzed organ or tissue, the stage of sampling, and the environment and water regime. In a first experiment carried out in spring wheat during two consecutive seasons in the dry conditions of northwest Mexico (Ciudad Obregon, Sonora), different water treatments were applied, corresponding to the main water regimes available to spring wheat worldwide, and the relationships between Δ values of different organs and grain yield were examined. Under terminal (post‐anthesis) water stress, grain yield was positively associated with Δ in grain at maturity and in leaf at anthesis, confirming results previously obtained under Mediterranean environments. Under early (pre‐anthesis) water stress and residual moisture stress, the association between grain Δ and yield was weaker and highly depended on the quantity of water stored in the soil at sowing. No correlation was found between Δ and grain yield under optimal irrigation. The relationship between Δ and grain yield was also studied during two consecutive seasons in 20 bread wheat cultivars in the Ningxia region (Northern China), characterized by winter drought (pre‐anthesis water stress). Wheat was grown under rainfed conditions in two locations (Guyuan and Pengyang) and under irrigated conditions in another two (Yinchuan and Huinong). In Huinong, the crop was also exposed to salt stress. Highly significant positive associations were found between leaf and grain Δ and grain yields across the environments. The relationship between Δ and yield within environments highly depended on the quantity of water stored in the soil at sowing, the quantity and distribution of rainfall during the growth cycle, the presence of salt in the soil, and the occurrence of irrigation before anthesis. These two experiments confirmed the value of Δ as an indirect selection criterion for yield and a phenotyping tool under post‐anthesis water stress (including limited irrigation).     

Monocyte/Macrophage-Mediated Innate Immunity in HIV-1 Infection:From Early Response to Late Dysregulation and Links to Cardiovascular Diseases Onset

Although monocytes and macrophages are key mediators of the innate immune system, the focus has largely been on the role of the adaptive immune system in the context of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection. Thus more attention and research work regarding the innate immune system—especially the role of monocytes and macrophages during early HIV-1 infection—is required. Blood monocytes and tissue macrophages are both susceptible targets of HIV-1 infection,and the early host response can determine whether the nature of the infection becomes pathogenic or not. For example,monocytes and macrophages can contribute to the HIV reservoir and viral persistence, and influence the initiation/extension of immune activation and chronic inflammation. Here the expansion of monocyte subsets(classical, intermediate and non-classical) provide an increased understanding of the crucial role they play in terms of chronic inflammation and also by increasing the risk of coagulation during HIV-1 infection. This review discusses the role of monocytes and macrophages during HIV-1 pathogenesis, starting from the early response to late dysregulation that occurs as a result of persistent immune activation and chronic inflammation. Such changes are also linked to downstream targets such as increased coagulation and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.     

2型糖尿病患者血清Sestrin2水平与心血管疾病的关系及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清Sestrin2水平与心血管疾病（CVDs）的关系及其预测价值。方法：选取2017年9月-2020年7月中国人民解放军东部战区总医院收治的198例T2DM患者,根据随访2年内CVDs发生情况分为非CVDs组（n=106）与CVDs组（n=92）,比较两组血清Sestrin2水平、一般资料及实验室指标,多因素Logistic回归分析T2DM并发CVDs的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Sestrin2水平对T2DM并发CVDs的预测效能。结果：与非CVDs组比较,CVDs组体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、尿酸（UA）、餐后2 h胰岛素（2hINS）、餐后2 h C肽（2hCP）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、Sestrin2明显增高（P＜0.05）,而两组在糖尿病病程、腰围、年龄、性别、吸烟史、血尿素氮（BUN）、饮酒史、血肌酐（SCr）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、心血管疾病家族史方面比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。多因素Logistic回归模型结果显示,BMI、UA、2hINS、2hCP、Sestrin2水平增高为T2DM并发CVDs的危险因素（P＜0.05）。绘制ROC曲线发现,血清Sestrin2对T2DM并发CVDs的预测效能较高,其曲线下面积(AUC)（95%CI）为：0.729（0.472～0.984）,临界点为10.35 ng/mL。结论：血清Sestrin2在T2DM并发CVDs患者中呈高表达,与T2DM并发CVDs风险增加有关,其辅助临床预测T2DM患者并发CVDs风险的价值较高。