超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查术在前列腺癌诊断中的意义

目的:探讨超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查术在前列腺癌诊断中的意义。方法:选取2013年2月~2015年2月北京怀柔医院收治的280例患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其临床资料,经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查其超声显像结果与病理资料,并分析影响前列腺癌诊断的相关因素。结果:本组280例患者,前列腺癌检出率为39.64%(111/280),根据患者年龄分为4组,组间前列腺癌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);240例检测前列腺特异性抗原(Prostate specific antigen level,PSA)水平患者,前列腺癌检出率为34.17%(82/240),根据PSA分为5组,组间前列腺癌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);248例经直肠超声检查前列腺体积患者,前列腺癌检出率为37.90%(94/248),根据前列腺体积分为2组,组间前列腺癌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在疑似前列腺癌诊断中应用超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活组织检查术,具有积极的意义,临床价值显著。     

PSA密度对前列腺癌病理结果的预测价值

目的:评估前列腺特异抗原密度(prostate specific antigen density,PASD)对前列腺癌根治术后不良病理结果的预测价值.方法:回顾性分析50例病理确诊为前列腺癌患者的临床资料,收集患者术前总前列腺特异抗原(total prostate specific antigen,tPSA)、PSAD及穿刺活检Gleason评分结果,比较在手术切缘阳性(positive surgical margins,PSM)、前列腺包膜外侵犯(extracapsular prostatic extension,EPE)、精囊入侵(seminal vesicle invasion,SVI)患者中以上各项指标的差异,对有统计学差异的因素行多元Logistic回归分析,筛选影响浸润的最主要因素,同时运用工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)比较各指标的预测价值.结果:PSM,EPE和SVI患者之间PSAD存在统计学差异,PSAD曲线下面积高于PSA与Gleason评分.多元Logistic回归分析结果表明,PSAD和Gleason评分对PSM和EPE有着统计学意义的预测价值,且PSAD和PSA与SVI有关.结论:PSAD可作为接受前列腺癌根治术的患者术后不良的预测指标.     

多模态磁共振成像结合前列腺健康指数对前列腺癌Gleason分级的鉴别诊断价值

摘要 目的：探讨多模态磁共振成像（MRI）结合前列腺健康指数（PHI）对前列腺癌（PCa）Gleason分级的鉴别诊断价值。方法：选择2020年5月-2023年1月在我院经手术或穿刺活检证实为PCa的150例患者作为研究对象,根据患者病理结果并参照2019年国际泌尿病理学会（ISUP）PCa分级共识会议,将纳入研究病例分为低级别PCa组81例（Gleason 评分≤3+4）和高级别PCa组69例（Gleason 评分≥4+3）。另选取同时期内经病理学证实为前列腺良性增生的80例患者作为对照组。所有患者均完善多模态MRI、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）等检查,并计算出前列腺健康指数（PHI）。采用Spearman秩相关分析多模态MRI参数和PHI水平与PCa患者Gleason分级的相关性。采用ROC曲线分析多模态MRI参数及PHI水平鉴别PCa患者Gleason分级的诊断效能。结果：对照组、低级别PCa组和高级别PCa组的ADC值和Tmax逐渐减小,而SImax和Rmax逐渐升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对照组、低级别PCa组和高级别PCa组PHI水平逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多模态MRI参数ADC值和Tmax与PCa患者Gleason分级呈负相关（r＝0.536、0.540,均P＜0.001）;多模态MRI参数SImax和Rmax与PCa患者Gleason分级呈正相关（r＝0.495、0.507,均P＜0.001）。PHI水平与PCa患者Gleason分级呈正相关（r＝0.514,P＜0.001）。以PCa患者Gleason分级作为状态变量,将多模态MRI参数和PHI水平联合分别作为检验变量,进行ROC曲线分析;结果显示,多模态MRI参数（ADC值、Tmax、SImax、Rmax）和PHI水平联合鉴别低级别PCa组和高级别PCa组的AUC为0.875（95%CI：0.775-0.976,P＜0.001）,敏感度和特异度分别为81.0%和83.7%,优于多模态MRI参数或PHI水平的单独应用。结论：多模态MRI参数联合PHI水平可作为区分低级别和高级别PCa的重要诊断依据,在术前Gleason分级的临床应用中具有一定参考价值。     

根治性前列腺切除术后大体病理较术前穿刺病理升级的危险因素分析

目的:前列腺穿刺病理Gleason评分(GS)和根治性前列腺切除术后病理Gleason评分经常出现差异.本文主要研究肿瘤病理升级的可能影响因素.方法:选择1999-01至2007-11在本院行前列腺穿刺活检确诊并行根治性前列腺切除术的95例前列腺癌患者,考察的临床资料包括患者确诊时的年龄,前列腺特异性抗原水平(PSA),前列腺体积(PV),前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD),术前是否接受新辅助内分泌治疗(NHT),穿刺病理GS,手术后病理GS及肿瘤体积(TIV).使用t-检验或卡方检验比较不用组别之间的变量,分别使用单因素和多因素Logistical回归分析引起GS升级的相关因素.结果:患者的平均年龄是67岁,平均PSA水平为24.3 ng/ml,平均前列腺体积是33.1ml.将前列腺体积分为≤25ml(25例),25-50ml(59例),≥50ml(11例)三组,将穿刺病理GS分为4-5(13例),6(35例),7(32例),8-10(15例)四组.前列腺体积较大组(≥50m1)比体积较小组(≤25ml,25-50m1)的肿瘤升级比率明显较低(48% vs 24%,18%,p＜0.05).穿刺病理GS较高组(8-10)比较低组(4-5,6,7)的肿瘤升级比率明显减低(46% vs 34%,25%,13%,p＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,PV、穿刺GS及内分泌治疗与病理升级呈负相关(p＜0.05),而肿瘤体积及PSAD与其呈正相关(p＜0.05).结论:较大的前列腺体积,较高的穿刺病理GS,接受内分泌治疗以及较低的PSAD均可降低其肿瘤升级的可能.泌尿外科医师在决定由穿刺活检确诊的前列腺癌患者的治疗方案时应想到上述结论.     

血清PSA含量与前列腺癌临床分期、病理分级的相关性

目的:探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)与前列腺癌(PCa)临床分期、病理分级的相关性.方法:对自2004年7月～2009年12月南京市13692例50岁以上的男性在健康体检时行血清PSA检测.以PSA≥4.0ng/ml定为前列腺癌可疑病例.建议行前列腺穿刺活检以确诊.共筛查出PCa患者140例,比较不同PSA值PCa患者的Gleason评分及临床分期.结果:随着PSA值的升高,前列腺癌筛查阳性率亦随之升高,低分化前列腺癌患者血清PSA含量明显高于高分化前列腺癌和中分化前列腺癌患者(P＜0.05),晚期前列腺癌患者血清PSA含量明显高于早期PCa患者(P＜0.01).血清PSA含量≥20ng/ml的前列腺癌人群中低分化前列腺癌及晚期前列腺癌的比例高于血清PSA含量＜20ng/ml的前列腺癌人群(P＜0.01).结论:血清PSA可以为前列腺癌患者的诊断、治疗及预后判断提供重要依据.     

促红细胞生成素和受体在前列腺癌组织中共同过表达的研究

目的:探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)和受体(EPOR)在前列腺癌(PCa)组织中的表达,并进一步阐述EPO和EPOR在前列腺癌发生发展中所起的作用。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测30例前列腺癌根治术组织标本中癌与增生(BPH)组织的EPO和EPOR表达及30例正常前列腺组织(NP)中的EPO和EPOR表达。前列腺癌分级采用Gleason评分。半定量EPO和EPOR评分分析免疫组化结果。同时根据细胞染色强度区分为过表达和正常表达。统计学分析采用配对样本比较Wilcoxon的秩和检验及线形回归分析。结果:大部分前列腺癌均可见EPO和EPOR同时过表达,但是前列腺增生组织只有EPO过表达;正常前列腺组织没有EPO和EPOR过表达。前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的EPO免疫组化评分中位数为2.38和0.93(P<0.01);前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的EPOR免疫组化评分中位数为2.50和0.68(P<0.01)。前列腺增生和前列腺癌的EPO和EPOR表达密切相关,但是前列腺癌的Gleason评分和EPO以及EPOR评分没有相关性(P值均>0.05)。结论:EPO和EPOR同时过表达促进前列腺癌发生发展,但是相对于EPO的过表达,EPOR过表达是前列腺癌发生更为重要的早期事件;前列腺癌组织中EPO和EPOR表达差异,提示除了缺氧外,可能还有其它机制参与EPOR的过表达。     

前列腺癌根治术治疗不同分级前列腺癌患者的临床研究

目的:探究前列腺癌根治术在不同危险度前列腺癌患者中治疗的临床效果,为临床前列腺癌患者的治疗提供依据。方法:选择2008年1月~2015年12月期间我院94例前列腺癌患者为研究对象,根据D'Amico评分将其分为高危、中危及低危三组,收集患者基线资料、术后随访资料,并比较三组手术并发症;采用Kaplan-Meier分析法计算三组患者生存率,并采用Log-rank检验比较不同危险组的生存率。结果:高危组患者进行开放性手术人数多于中危组和低危组,且中危组多于低危组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);高危组患者术前Gleason评分和PAS水平高于中危组和低危组,且中危组高于低危组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后5年高危组患者完全控尿率显著低于中危组和低危组(P0.05);三组患者间5年无生化复发率比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:前列腺癌根治术治疗高危前列腺患者较中、低危患者疗效较差,但仍可达到较好的疗效,可在临床推广使用。     

穿刺单针阳性前列腺癌的术后病理特征分析

摘要 目的：回顾性分析单针阳性患者的术后病理特征及Gleason评分的变化情况。方法：收集2018年9月-2020年6月在本院泌尿外科行穿刺活检,病理诊断为单针阳性的86例前列腺癌患者展开研究,按患者年龄、手术前PSA检测值、Gleason评分、临床分期（cTNM）进行分组,其中：年龄组（年龄≥70岁、年龄＜70岁）、术前PSA组（PSA＜10 ng/mL、≥10 ng/mL）、术前Gleason评分组（6分、3+4=7分、4+3=7分、≥8分）、临床分期组（cT1期组、cT2期组）。所有患者均采用腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术和单针穿刺活检,观察纳入患者的基线资料,比较分析不同组别患者术后病理特征的差异和临床意义。结果：不同年龄患者病理特征无差异,PSA≥10 ng/mL组Gleason评分≥7分和Gleason评分升级患者占比显著高于PSA＜10 ng/mL组（P＜0.05）;cT2期组占比较低（P＜0.05）;cT2期组患者Gleason评分≥7分患者占比显著高于cT1期组（P＜0.05）,但两组切缘阳性和Gleason评分升级相比无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;不同Gleason评分患者术后pT0、切缘阳性、Gleason评分升级差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;不同Gleason评分患者术后病理分期差异有统计学意义,Gleason评分为4+3=7分患者病理分期＞2显著高于6分、3+4=7分和≥8分（P＜0.05）;Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄＞70岁、PSA≥10 ng/mL、cT2期和Gleason评分≥7分是影响术后病理特征的主要危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：前列腺单针阳性患者存在Gleason评分术后升高情况,部分患者伴有切缘阳性、病理分期≥T2特征,所以临床中无法将穿刺单针阳性作为前列腺癌患者低风险检测指标,需要结合患者其它各项指标对其进行个体化治疗方案。     

CD147 在前列腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系

目的:研究CD147在还没前列腺癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系。方法:选择2013年10月-2015年10月我院收治的前列腺癌患者61例作为研究对象,另选取同期接受手术治疗的前列腺增生患者49例作为对照组,术中收集前列腺癌患者的肿瘤组织和癌旁组织以及前列腺增生患者的组织标本,采用免疫组化法检测CD147在前列腺癌组织、癌旁组织及前列腺增生组织中的表达情况。结果:CD147在前列腺癌组织中的阳性表达率(95.08%)显著高于癌旁组织(32.79%)和前列腺增生组织(16.32%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CD147在癌旁组织中的阳性表达率(32.79%)高于前列腺增生组织(16.32%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。CD147的阳性表达与前列腺癌Gleason分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:CD147在前列腺癌组织中呈阳性表达,且Gleason病理分级≥5、临床分期T3~4、淋巴结转移N1及远处转移M1均为前列腺癌组织中CD147m RNA阳性表达的危险因素。     

Annexin Ⅰ蛋白在人前列腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨Annexin Ⅰ蛋白在前列腺癌组织中的表达及其与前列腺癌发生、发展、转移及预后的关系.方法:回顾性分析110例前列腺癌及40例前列腺增生组织中Annexin Ⅰ蛋白的表达与前列腺癌Gleason分级、年龄、临床分期、转移及预后的相关性.结果:前列腺癌患者的Armexin Ⅰ表达水平显著地低于良性前列腺增生症患者(P＜0.05);Annexin Ⅰ在低分化癌中表达较高,与高、中分化癌相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05);而高、中分化癌之间Annexin Ⅰ表达均较低,两者之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).前列腺癌Annexin Ⅰ蛋白表达与年龄无关,而与临床分期、淋巴结转移及预后有关(P＜0.05).结论:Annexin Ⅰ蛋白表达下调与前列腺癌发生发展和预后密切相关,可作为反映前列腺癌生物学行为和判断预后的生物标记物.     

Investigation of cellular movement in the prostate epithelium using an agent-based model

Experimental patterns of epithelial cell proliferation in the prostate suggest that cell movement may play an important role in prostate epithelial homeostasis, and genes known to regulate cell movement are commonly mutated or deleted in prostate carcinomas. However, the nature of cell movement within the prostate epithelium remains unknown. Here, the role of cellular movement in the prostate epithelium was explored by developing an agent-based model of the prostate duct. Prostatic adult stem cells, transit amplifying/intermediate cells (TA/ICs), and luminal cells were individually modeled within a three-dimensional reconstruction of a prostate duct. Different movement behaviors for TA/ICs and luminal cells were assessed by their ability to recreate experimental patterns of prostate cell proliferation and epithelial morphology. Strongly directed TA/IC movement toward the distal region of the prostate duct combined with weakly directed luminal cell movement toward the proximal region of the prostate duct was able to best recreate experimental patterns of prostate proliferation and morphology. The effects on cell mobility from abnormalities in PTEN and thymosin β15 (Tβ15), genes which are commonly altered in prostate cancer, were simulated in the model. These simulations show that altering prostate stem cell movement can dysregulate epithelial homeostasis and lead to excessive cell growth, suggesting that disruption of cell movement may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis.     

Can the Day 0 CT-scan predict the post-implant scanning? Results from 136 prostate cancer patients

PurposePost-implant CT-scanning is an essential part of permanent prostate brachytherapy. However, the evaluation of post-implant CT dosimetry is not straightforward due to the edema that can modify the dose to the prostate and to the organs at risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the timing of the post-implant CT-scan on the dosimetric results and to verify if the Day 0 scan findings can predict Day 50 scanning.Methods136 consecutive patients who received monotherapy with I-125 implants were selected for this study. Two sets of 8 dosimetric quality parameters corresponding to 2 different CT-scans (Day 0 and Day 50) were calculated and compared. The dosimetric parameters included are the percentage volume of the post-implant prostate receiving 80%, 100% and 150% of the prescribed dose, the doses covering 80% and 90% of the prostate volume and the Dose Homogeneity Index. The values of the dose covering 1 cm³ of the rectum and urethra were assessed.ResultsAll the dosimetric parameters of the Day 50 were higher than those of the Day 0 scan. Linear functions were obtained that calculate D₉₀ and V₁₀₀ values at Day 50 based on the Day 0 findings. Rectal and urethral parameters tended to be underestimated on Day 0 CT-scan relative to Day 50 based dosimetry.ConclusionsPredicting the Day 50 dosimetry from the Day 0 scan could be a possible alternative to a Day 50 scan only in specific situations, but with a degree of uncertainty in the predicted values.     

Trends in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing and prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Australia: A critical analysis

BackgroundPopulation trends in PSA testing and prostate cancer incidence do not perfectly correspond. We aimed to better understand relationships between trends in PSA testing, prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Australia and factors that influence them.MethodsWe calculated and described standardised time trends in PSA tests, prostate biopsies, treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Australia in men aged 45–74, 75–84, and 85 + years.ResultsPSA testing increased from its introduction in 1989 to a peak in 2008 before declining in men aged 45–84 years. Prostate biopsies and cancer incidence fell from 1995 to 2000 in parallel with decrease in trans-urethral resections of the prostate (TURP) and, latterly, changes in pharmaceutical management of BPH. After 2000, changes in biopsies and incidence paralleled changes in PSA screening in men 45–84 years, while in men ≥85 years biopsy rates stabilised, and incidence fell. Prostate cancer mortality in men aged 45–74 years remained low throughout. Mortality in men 75–84 years gradually increased until mid 1990s, then gradually decreased. Mortality in men ≥ 85 years increased until mid 1990s, then stabilised.ConclusionAge specific prostate cancer incidence largely mirrors PSA testing rates. Most deviation from this pattern may be explained by less use of TURP in management of BPH and consequent less incidental cancer detection in TURP tissue specimens. Mortality from prostate cancer initially rose and then fell below what it was when PSA testing began. Its initial rise and fall may be explained by a possible initial tendency to over-attribute deaths of uncertain cause in older men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer to prostate cancer. Decreases in mortality rates were many fold smaller than the increases in incidence, suggesting substantial overdiagnosis of prostate cancer after introduction of PSA testing.     

Novel human prostate-specific cDNA: molecular cloning,expression, and immunobiology of the recombinant protein

The differential display-polymerase chain reaction technique was employed to obtain a prostate-specific approximately 300-bp cDNA fragment. On screening the human prostate-lambdagt10 library with this fragment, a full-length approximately 1.5-kb cDNA encoding for a prostate antigen, designated as human novel prostate-specific antigen (hNPSA), was found. Extensive database searches revealed that the hNPSA cDNA is a novel sequence. It has an open reading frame (ORF) of 735-bp encoding for 245 amino acids (aa), with a calculated molecular mass of approximately 27kDa. Hydrophilicity analysis of the deduced aa sequence indicated that hNPSA is a membrane-anchored peptide. Analysis for tissue-specificity by Northern blot and RT-PCR-Southern blot procedures indicated that hNPSA is specifically expressed only in human prostate. The hNPSA (ORF) was subcloned into pET22b(+) vector and expressed using the histidine-tagged gene fusion system. The recombinant (r) protein of approximately 27kDa was purified and antibodies (Ab) were raised in rabbits. The rhNPSA Ab recognized a specific protein band of approximately 35kDa in solubilized human prostate tissue and not in any of the other 10 human tissues tested in the Western blot procedure. The hNPSA expression is upregulated 2.5- to 3-fold, both at the mRNA and protein levels in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, as compared to normal whole prostate tissue. Antisense, but not the sense, phosphothiorate-conjugated oligonucleotides based on the hNPSA cDNA sequence significantly (p<0.001) inhibited proliferation of LNCaP cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, the novel hNPSA, which has prostate-specific expression and seems to be involved in carcinogenesis, may have applications in the specific diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.     

PSA及其相关检测指标在早期前列腺癌诊断中的临床价值

前列腺癌(PCa)是影响老年男性的恶性肿瘤之一,具有较高的发病率和死亡率,我国PCa患者人数逐年升高,因此进行早期的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)对于早期PCa的诊断、治疗和预后具有重要作用,本文分别对PSA相关指标(F/TPSA、CPSA、PSAV、PSAD、PSATZ)应用于早期PCa诊断中的价值进行综述,旨在为临床诊断PCa提供理论依据。     

前列腺癌患者前列腺体积与肿瘤分级之间关系探讨

目的:探讨国人前列腺癌患者前列腺体积与肿瘤分级之间的关系。方法:回顾我院及武汉大学人民医院2005年1月-2011年10月70例确诊为前列腺癌并行根治性前列腺切除术(RP)患者的临床病理资料,采用SPSS13.0软件总结并分析前列腺癌患者前列腺体积与肿瘤分级之间的关系。结果:经直肠前列腺穿刺活检获得肿瘤病理分级与根治性前列切除术获得最终病理分级具有显著差异(P=0.003);在活检及根治性前列腺切除标本中,前列腺体积与高级别肿瘤发生率均呈负相关(P<0.05);小前列腺与阳性手术切缘、前列腺外侵犯及高级别肿瘤在单变量分析中具有相关性(P<0.05),而与精囊腺侵犯及淋巴结侵犯则无相关性(P>0.05);在校正了年龄、体重指数及术前前列腺特异性抗原水平后,前列腺体积与阳性手术切缘、前列腺外侵犯、精囊腺侵犯及高级别肿瘤发生率均呈负相关(OR<1,P<0.05),而与淋巴结侵犯则无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:前列腺体积是高级别前列腺癌的重要预测因子,利用其对高级别肿瘤风险的预测能力可帮助选择最佳治疗方案并进一步提高治疗效果。     

The role of Wnt5a in prostate gland development

The Wnt genes encode a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play important roles in controlling tissue patterning, cell fate and proliferation during development. Currently, little is known regarding the role(s) of Wnt genes during prostate gland development. The present study examines the role of the noncanonical Wnt5a during prostate gland development in rat and murine models. In the rat prostate, Wnt5a mRNA is expressed by distal mesenchyme during the budding stage and localizes to periductal mesenchymal cells with an increasing proximal-to-distal gradient during branching morphogenesis. Wnt5a protein is secreted and localizes to periductal stroma, extracellular matrix and epithelial cells in the distal ducts. While Wnt5a expression is high during active morphogenesis in all prostate lobes, ventral prostate (VP) expression declines rapidly following morphogenesis while dorsal (DP) and lateral lobe (LP) expression remains high into adulthood. Steroids modulate prostatic Wnt5a expression during early development with testosterone suppressing Wnt5a and neonatal estrogen increasing expression. In vivo and ex vivo analyses of developing mouse and rat prostates were used to assess the functional roles of Wnt5a. Wnt5a^−/− murine prostates rescued by organ culture exhibit disturbances in bud position and directed outgrowth leading to large bulbous sacs in place of elongating ducts. In contrast, epithelial cell proliferation, ductal elongation and branchpoint formation are suppressed in newborn rat prostates cultured with exogenous Wnt5a protein. While renal grafts of Wnt5a^−/− murine prostates revealed that Wnt5a is not essential for cyto- and functional differentiation, a role in luminal cell polarity and lumenization of the ducts was indicated. Wnt5a suppresses prostatic Shh expression while Shh stimulates Wnt5a expression in a lobe-specific manner during early development indicating that Wnt5a participates in cross-talk with other members of the gene regulatory network that control prostate development. Although Wnt5a does not influence prostatic expression of other Wnt morphogens, it suppresses Wif-1 expression and can thus indirectly modulate Wnt signaling. In summary, the present finds demonstrate that Wnt5a is essential for normal prostate development where it regulates bud outgrowth, ductal elongation, branching, cell polarity and lumenization. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on regulatory mechanisms involved in prostate gland development which are key to understanding abnormal growth processes associated with aging.     

前列腺PI-RADS V2.1评分联合血清PSA相关指标对灰区前列腺癌的诊断价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨前列腺影像报告和数据系统第2.1版（PI-RADS V2.1）评分联合血清前列腺特异抗原（PSA）相关指标对灰区前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月的187例经病理证实且PSA为灰区（4-10 ng/mL）的前列腺癌或前列腺增生患者资料。根据病理结果分为前列腺癌（PCa）组与前列腺增生组（BPH）组。由两名经验丰富的MRI诊断医师通过盲法对所有患者MRI图像进行PI-RADS V2.1评分,统计并计算血清PSA相关指标：总前列腺特异抗原（t-PSA）、游离前列腺特异抗原（f-PSA）、游离前列腺特异抗原与总前列腺特异抗原比值（f-PSA/t-PSA）、前列腺特异抗原密度（PSAD）。采用t检验比较各项指标在两组间的差异性,并使用受试者工作曲线（ROC）分析各项指标对灰区前列腺癌的诊断效能。结果：PI-RADS V2.1评分与PSAD在PCa与BPH组之间的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而t-PSA、f-PSA、f-PSA/t-PSA在PCa与BPH组之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。根据ROC曲线分析,PI-RADS V2.1评分、PSAD、PI-RADS V2.1评分联合PSAD诊断灰区前列腺癌的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.814、0.671及0.838,且PI-RADS V2.1评分联合PSAD的AUC显著高于单独应用PI-RADS V2.1评分（Z=1.989,P＜0.05）与PSAD（Z=3.174,P＜0.05）。结论：PI-RADS V2.1评分与PSAD对诊断灰区前列腺癌具有较高诊断效能,且联合PI-RADS V2.1评分与PSAD能进一步提高诊断效能。     

人前列腺特异抗原分离纯化

本文报道了一种从人精液中提纯前列腺特异抗原的方法,本方法仅需Affigel-Blue gel柱和凝胶HPLC二步层析,即可得到均一的PSA纯品。这是一个快速、有效的提纯方法。PSA是前列腺癌的特异肿瘤标志物。     

PSA在前列腺增生和前列腺癌中的诊断价值

目的：探讨临床上检测前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）的变化情况对前列腺增生和前列腺癌等疾病的诊断价值。方法：采用回顾性分析的方法,选取2010年6月至2012年4月在我院泌尿科接受治疗的前列腺增生患者64例定义为前列腺增生组（BPH）,前列腺癌患者83例定义为前列腺癌组（PCa）,另选取同期接受体检的健康人群137例作为对照组。分别检测三组患者入院时的游离前列腺特异性抗原和总前列腺特异性抗原的水平变化情况。对比并分析三组检测结果。结果：经检测,前列腺增生患者的血清总PSA明显高于对照组健康人群的正常值,而前列腺癌患者的血清总PSA比前列腺增生患者增高的更为明显。对照组游离PSA为（2．78±0．94）ng／mL,总PSA（1．05±0．57）ng／mL,游离PSA与总PSA的比值为,（0．38±0．61）;前列腺增生患者游离PSA为（6．36＋3．24）ng／mL,总PSA为（1．64±0．76）ng／mL,游离PSA与总PSA的比值为（0．26±0．23）;前列腺癌患者游离PSA为（12．42±4．97）ng／mL,总PSA为（1．44±0．78）ng／mL,游离PSA与总PSA的比值为（0．12±0．16）。组间比较差异明显,具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：对患者的PSA进行检测,对前列腺增生和前列腺癌的诊断具有良好的辅助作用和,临床价值。