双歧杆菌对门静脉血内毒素影响初步研究

本实验以大鼠为动物模型,探讨在肠道微生态失调的状态下,用大量双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteria)灌服,借以拮抗外源性需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌的生长繁殖,从而使肠源性内毒素自门静脉的吸收减少。对正常鼠、脱污染鼠、再污染鼠、治疗鼠和非治疗鼠,进行不同肠段的双歧杆菌、需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌的测定和门静脉血内毒素测定。结果表明:双歧杆菌对肠道需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌的生长繁殖,具有明显的生物拮抗作用,同时伴有相应的门静脉血内毒素水平的降低。     

大承气汤对MODS时肠道细菌微生态学影响的实验研究

目的探讨多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)大鼠肠道细菌微生态的变化及其与肠源性内毒素血症和细菌易位的关系,并观察大承气汤的影响。方法32只SD大鼠随机分成4组,对照组、模型组、大承气组和氨苄青霉素组。腹腔注射无菌酵母多糖A制备大鼠MODS模型。各组动物于造模后48 h无菌操作抽取外周静脉血和门静脉血进行内毒素含量测定;取肠系膜淋巴结进行细菌定量培养,取回肠和盲肠内容物进行肠腔内游离内毒素测定;取盲肠内容物进行肠道细菌微生态学分析。结果模型组外周血和门静脉血内毒素水平以及肠腔内游离内毒素含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,模型组肠道菌群出现明显变化。肠球菌、肠杆菌数量明显增加,而双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量出现显著下降,类杆菌数量亦出现明显下降(P<0.05)。模型组厌氧菌总数明显下降而需氧菌总数明显增加,同时厌氧菌总数/需氧菌总数的比值和B/E比值呈相应下降,发生倒置(P<0.05);正常对照组未发现肠道细菌向肠系膜淋巴结的易位,而模型组细菌易位阳性率是83.33%(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,大承气汤组上述各指标均出现明显变化(P<0.05);抗生素组作用不明显(P>0.05)。结论MODS时大鼠肠道细菌微生态出现明显变化,发生肠源性内毒素血症和细菌易位。大承气汤可以调整肠道菌群,恢复肠道微生态平衡,增加机体定植抗力,防治细菌易位和内毒素血症。     

大连市腹泻患者肠道菌群变化的分析

目的 研究急性和慢性腹泻患者与正常人的肠道菌群变化差异.方法 对慢性腹泻组22例、急性腹泻组35例,对照组20例的成年患者粪便进行肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌检测分析与比较.结果 急性腹泻患者与对照组相比肠杆菌显著增加,而双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、类杆菌及肠球菌显著减少(P＜0.01),慢性腹泻患者的肠杆菌明显增加,乳酸杆菌明显减少(P＜0.05),双歧杆菌、类杆菌及肠球菌较对照组减少,但结果差异无统计学意义.急性腹泻者厌氧菌较慢性腹泻者有所减少,其中类杆菌和乳杆菌显著减少(P＜0.05).结论 无论急慢性腹泻患者都存在肠道菌群失调的情况,其中急性腹泻患者更加明显.     

肠道菌群及内毒素在多器官功能不全综合征时的变化

目的　探讨肠道菌群及内毒素在多器官功能不全综合征( MODS)时的变化。方法　取SD大鼠,腹腔注射无菌酵母多糖A制备MODS模型,检测大鼠肠道菌群、外周血和门静脉血中的内毒素以及肠道游离内毒素含量,并进行定量分析。结果　模型组大鼠肠道专性厌氧菌的数量明显减少,革兰阴性杆菌和双歧杆菌的比例倒置,内毒素含量明显增加,与对照组比差异有显著性( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　MODS时肠道细菌微生态发生明显改变,肠道内毒素池与肠道革兰阴性杆菌的变化密切相关     

门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合双歧三联活菌胶囊对亚临床肝性脑病患者内毒素血症及肠道微生态的影响

目的探讨门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合双歧三联活菌胶囊对亚临床肝性脑病(SHE)患者内毒素血症及肠道微生态的影响。方法将108例SHE患者随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以低盐软食、保肝、降转氨酶、维持水电解质平衡及防治并发症等基础治疗。观察组予以双歧三联活菌胶囊(420.0mg/次,3次/d,口服)联合门冬氨酸鸟氨酸颗粒(3.0g/次,2次/d,口服)治疗,对照组予以单用门冬氨酸鸟氨酸颗粒治疗,两组均连用8周。观察并比较两组治疗前后血氨、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、数字连接试验(NCT)、内毒素(ET)及肠道菌群的变化,并比较肝性脑病(HE)的发病率。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血氨、ALT、NCT及ET水平均较治疗前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降的幅度较对照组更大(P0.05);同时两组患者乳杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠球菌数量较治疗前增加,肠杆菌和酵母菌数量较治疗前减少(P0.05和P0.01),且观察组变化幅度较对照组更大(P0.05)。观察组与对照组分别发生HE 5例和18例,观察组HE的发病率明显低于对照组(χ2=9.34,P0.01)。结论门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合双歧杆菌三联活菌治疗SHE的疗效确切,能改善其智力测验结果,降低HE的发病率。     

肝硬化患者益生菌干预效果及肠道菌群变化分析

目的探讨肝硬化患者口服双歧杆菌四联活菌片后肠道优势菌群变化以及对肝功能、内毒素等指标的影响。方法入组乙肝后肝硬化患者62例,分为治疗组和对照组,两组患者均予以肝硬化常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上予双歧杆菌四联活菌片口服,1.5g/次,3次/d,连用30d。结果治疗1个月后,两组患者的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、凝血酶原时间均降低(治疗组:t=5.61,t=5.25,t=2.89;对照组:t=4.76,t=2.75,t=1.82,P0.05或P0.01),且治疗组患者下降的幅度更明显(t=2.16,t=4.50,t=1.80,P0.05或P0.01)。治疗组患者内毒素水平降低(t=4.18,P0.01),而对照组患者内毒素下降差异无统计学意义。定量PCR结果显示治疗组患者中双歧杆菌属、乳酸杆菌属、柔嫩梭菌、数量显著上升,肠杆菌属数量显著下降(t=8.06,t=4.38,t=5.09,t=-14.35,P0.01)。肝硬化患者肠道定植抗力B/E值与血浆内毒素水平呈现显著负相关(r=-0.63,P0.01)。结论口服双歧杆菌四联活菌片能调节肝硬化患者的肠道菌群,形成紧密的生物学屏障,进而降低血浆内毒素水平,改善肝功能,发挥显著的辅助治疗作用。     

四君子汤对急性肝损伤伴发菌群失调及内毒素血症的保护作用

目的　观察急性肝损伤时肠道微生态学、血内毒素含量变化及四君子汤的保护作用。方法　小白鼠腹腔注射D-氨基半乳糖( D- Ga L N) ,制备肝损伤模型,观察中药对肠道正常细菌,组织二胺氧化酶( DAO)活性,血内毒素( L PS)含量的影响及肝脏病理学影响。结果　急性肝损伤时肠杆菌、肠球菌数量明显上升,乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量显著下降,DAO活性下降,L PS含量明显上升,病理学显示,肝细胞大片状、多灶性坏死,大量炎细胞浸润。而中药治疗组上述指标得到明显改善,差异有非常显著性( P<0 .0 0 1)。结论　中药四君子汤对肠道微生态失衡有调整作用,能够减少内毒素的产生和吸收,对肝脏具有保护作用     

2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群及细胞因子的变化分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群及细胞因子的变化。方法选择在兰溪市中医院就诊的2型糖尿病患者共100例,根据糖化血红蛋白水平分为观察组A 38例与观察组B 62例,其中观察组A患者糖化血红蛋白≥7.0%、观察组B患者糖化血红蛋白7.0%,同时选择50例正常人为对照组。收集3组患者新鲜粪便,检测双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、肠球菌、酵母菌、拟杆菌及肠杆菌等肠道菌群的含量,同时检测3组患者的白介素-2(IL-2),比较3组患者肠道菌群及细胞因子的差异。结果观察组A与观察组B患者的肠杆菌、酵母菌数量均明显多于对照组(t=3.63、2.13,2.45、2.01,P0.05或P0.01),观察组A患者的肠杆菌、酵母菌数量多于观察组B患者(t=2.42、2.33,P0.05);观察组A与观察组B患者的双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌数量均明显少于对照组(t=3.48、2.36、2.28,2.15、2.04、1.99,P0.05或P0.01),观察组A患者的双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌数量少于观察组B(t=2.22、2.18、2.09,P0.05);3组肠球菌数量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组A与观察组B患者的血清IL-2水平明显低于对照组(t=3.88、2.36,P0.05或P0.01),观察组A患者的血清IL-2水平低于观察组B患者(t=2.31,P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者肠道内肠杆菌、酵母菌增多,而双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌减少,IL-2水平降低,其变化的幅度与血糖升高水平相关,因此在2型糖尿病患者的治疗中应关注肠道菌群失调及免疫功能下降情况,及早干预治疗。     

原发性肝癌患者肠道菌群变化与内毒素和炎性因子水平的关系

目的探讨原发性肝癌患者肠道菌群变化及其与内毒素、炎性因子水平的相关性。方法选取2018年2月至2019年10月我院收治的80例原发性肝癌患者为观察组,另选同时期80例健康体检者为对照组。观察两组对象肠道菌群情况,同时检测两组对象血清内毒素和白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1(IL-1)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平。采用Pearson检验进行相关性分析。结果观察组患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和拟杆菌数量低于对照组;而肠杆菌和酵母菌数量高于对照组(均P0.05)。观察组患者血清内毒素、IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α水平均高于对照组(均P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和拟杆菌数量与血清内毒素和IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α水平呈负相关,肠道肠杆菌和酵母菌数量与内毒素和IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α水平呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论原发性肝癌患者肠道菌群紊乱与内毒素和炎症因子水平具有相关性,肠道菌群失衡可能是促进该病病情发展的原因之一。     

培菲康对小儿细菌性腹泻的肠道屏障保护和炎性反应调控的研究

目的观察培菲康对小儿细菌性腹泻的内毒素及TNF-α的影响。方法随机分成2组,对照组用氨苄青霉素40 mg/kg,治疗组用金双歧每次1粒,1日3次。3 d 1个疗程。结果治疗组在显效和总有效率与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),治疗后内毒素水平和TNF-α均有明显降低,有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后对照组与治疗组的内毒素水平和TNF-α比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论培菲康通过调节肠道菌群平衡,免疫调节作用,非免疫肠道防御屏障,调节与内毒素有关的细胞因子和炎症介质如IL-6,降低TNF-α等水平,并促进双歧杆菌等有益菌增殖而发挥作用。     

Studies on the in vivo-action of leupeptin on the nitrogen retention in rats

A daily s.c. injection of 0.5 mg leupeptin for 7 days does not influence the digestibility of food-N but seems to improve the N-retention. A daily injection of 1.0 mg leupeptin for 14 days is without influence on the digestibility of N, too, but the N-retention was decreased. At this leupeptin level the half-lives of intestinal proteins were prolonged. The data indicate the possibility to influence the N-retention using leupeptin.     

Studies on the Digestion in the Rabbit

A pellet diet consisting of 50% of alfalfa meal, 45% of wheat starch, and minerals in addition to manganese dioxide was fed to the rabbits fistulated in the duodenum and ileum for sampling of small intestinal digestive product arbitrarily. By means of redox dyes, pH, Eh and rH₂ of digestive products were determined. Results showed that ileum digestive product was more reductive than duodenum one, and the latter has a greater buffering capacity than the former.     

NaCl对光合作用影响的研究进展

对ＮａＣｌ对光合作用影响的几个重要方面的研究进展进行了综述，包括ＮａＣｌ对光合作用的影响途径，气孔效应与非气孔效应，ＮａＣｌ对光能吸收与转换、光合电子传递、光合碳素同化的影响及盐与其他胁迫因子对ＰＳＩＩ活性的协同影响等，对今后这些方面研究中的重点内容与趋势进行了评述     

鱼类胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)系统的研究进展

鱼类胰岛素样生长因子(insulin—like growth factors,IGFs)是进化上相当保守的多肽,能促进组织细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡,对鱼类的生长和发育有重要的调节作用。IGF系统包括IGF—Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ、IGF—ⅠR、IGF-ⅡR和IGFBP家族。本文从IGF家族成员的分子结构、生理功能和表达调节等方面综述了有关鱼类IGF体系的研究进展。     

Overwintering in nests on the ground in the harvest mouse

The harvest mouse Micromys minutus has adapted to inhabit the stalk zone of grassland vegetation and is identified by the characteristic nests this species builds on grasses above the ground. Such aerial nests have been considered as an almost exclusive sign of harvest mouse populations and have therefore also been used to determine habitat choice and population density of the harvest mouse. However, we found that nests built on the ground occur after farmers burn away grasslands dominated by native grass Miscanthus sinensis and Pleioblastus chino. The aim of this study was to determine whether the harvest mouse habitually builds this type of nest and, if so, when it occurs. Because it was difficult to locate nests on the ground when the soil was covered with grasses, we located all the nests in the native grasslands after burning in the spring in 2 consecutive years. We then attempted to estimate nesting time by comparing the mineral content of nest materials to mineral dynamics in M. sinensis leaves. Nests were distributed over all the grasslands investigated, and nesting times were calculated to occur between early September and middle March. Our findings demonstrate the harvest mouse repeatedly constructs this type of nest for overwintering. Considerable nondetection errors would have occurred with regard to this species by exclusively interpreting data on the presence or absence of aerial nests.     

Influence of the position on the bicycle on the frontal area in road cyclists

The aims of the present study were to determine whether the estimations of the frontal area of the combined cyclist-bicycle (APCB) obtained with the Heil's non-logarithmic prediction equations (NPE) in the stem position (SP), brake hoods position (BHP) and drops position (DP) are comparable to the measured APCB with the computerized planimetry (CP) method, and to analyse with the CP method and the NPE the influence of the body position on the APCB. Nineteen participants competing in the Spanish Road Cycling First division took part in the study. The NPE overestimated the APCB in the BHP and in the DP compared with the measured APCB with the CP method (6.9% and 5.1%, respectively; p<0.05). Significant differences among the three positions were obtained with the CP method. The overestimation of the APCB with the NPE in the BHP and in the DP and the less sensitivity of the NPE to show significant differences between the SP and DP suggest that the NPE are not appropriate to accurately predict the APCB.