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1.
Summary Correlations between laccase activity and some growth parameters of A. bisporus cultivation are reported. In vivo regulation of laccase activity by means of ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid and its relationship with growth parameters are pointed out; the effects of the treatments on carpophore production are preliminary evaluated. 相似文献
2.
Several enzymes were assayed in extracts from mycelium-colonised compost during growth and fruiting of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. Comparison of changes of enzyme levels in axenic and nonaxenic cultures and in cultures of non-fruiting strains indicated that they were associated directly with the fungal mycelium. Large changes were found in the amounts of laccase and cellulase which were correlated with fruit body development. Laccase concentration increased during mycelial growth and then declined rapidly at the start of fruiting. Cellulase activity could be detected throughout growth but increased at fruiting. No such changes were observed in xylanase, alkaline protease, laminarinase and acid and alkaline phosphatases. Activities of laccase and cellulase were measured in axenic cultures arrested at various stages of fruiting development. Such cultures showed that the changes in concentration of laccase and cellulase were associated with the enlargement of fruit bodies. 相似文献
3.
Summary Dry matter increase of Agaricus bisporus mycelium in liquid culture, was found to be directly proportional to quantities of fungal derived chitin and extracellular laccase for up to 28 days following inoculation. Fungal ergosterol showed a similar relationship to mycelial growth which was sustained for 56 days of culture. In cultures grown on autoclaved rye grain a correlation was found between the three biochemical indices and linear extension of the mycelium. Each method gave a similar biomass estimate for cultures grown on cereal grains. 相似文献
4.
Estimation of fungal growth on lignocellulosic substrates using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Summary The feasibility of using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantifying the growth ofThielavia terrestris on cellulosic substrates was studied. WhenT. terrestris was grown, using glucose as the substrate, the ELISA readings correlated well with the mycelial dry weight values. When lignocellulosic substrates were used, the ELISA appeared to slightly overestimate fungal growth. The ELISA values indicated that the fungi grew more slowly on steam-treated aspenwood than on commercial sources of cellulose (Avicel). 相似文献
5.
The intent of this work was to study the biological and biochemical aspects of the casing soil role on every stage of the A. bisporus fructification. We reported the development of mycelial thick threads of A. bisporus in the casing soil. Moreover, we pointed out the protective role of the calcium salts crystals surrounding the hyphae during the incubation stage. On the electron-micrographies, the mycelial aggregates were surrounded by bacteria, and this bacterial growth seemed to be related to the calcium salts crystals disappearance. The positive influence of A. bisporus upon bacterial growth, and vice versal, was confirmed with PETRI dish cultures. 相似文献
6.
Summary Some 19 strains ofAspergillus niger,A. oryzae, andPaccilomyces spp. are tested for their ability to grow on the supernatant remaining after the expressed juice from sugar beet tops and meadow grass has been heat-treated to precipitate crude leaf protein, and supplemented as required by glucose or ammonium sulphate. With effective strains ofA. niger,A. oryzae,P. elegans orP. variotii and an optimized carbohydrate/nitrogen ratio, over 70% of the organic content of the supernatant is rapidly converted into mycelial biomass of high protein content. 相似文献
7.
The systemic fungicide methyl-1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate (benomyl), is a broad spectrum fungicide. Benomyl at concentrations up to 50 mg/l does not inhibit the growth of suspension cultures ofNicotiana tabacum, Datura innoxia, Daucus carota, Glycine canescens, andSolanum tuberosum nor growth ofN. tabacum orN. plumbaginifolia protoplasts if benomyl is dissolved by autoclaving or boiling. Addition of benomyl dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide results in a visible toxicity. Benomyl, at 6.25–50 mg/l preventsPenicillium spp. growth in both protoplast and cell cultures and can be used to remove fungal contaminates after one to three transfers without visibly retarding plant cell growth. Due to the broad spectrum of fungicidal activity, and nontoxicity at high concentrations when dissolved by boiling or autoclaving, benomyl can be used effectively to control or prevent fungal contamination in plant cell and protoplast cultures. 相似文献
8.
Effect of Metabolites Produced by Trichoderma harzianum Biotypes and Agaricus bisporus on Their Respective Growth Radii in Culture
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Trichoderma harzianum biotypes Th1, Th2, and Th3 produced volatile metabolites in vitro which had similar fungistatic effects on the growth of Agaricus bisporus. Metabolites present in agar colonized by these strains also inhibited mycelial growth of A. bisporus, although the reduction in growth was less in the presence of metabolites produced by biotype Th2 than that in the presence of metabolites produced by Th1 or Th3. A. bisporus produced metabolites in liquid culture that inhibited the growth of Th1 and Th3 but stimulated the growth of Th2. A compound(s) responsible for the inhibition and stimulation was extracted from A. bisporus culture filtrate and from compost-grown fruit bodies with n-butanol, but the identity of the compound(s) was not determined. We suggest that the stimulation of Th2 by metabolites produced by A. bisporus and the relatively low level of inhibition of A. bisporus by Th2 facilitate colonization of compost by both fungi. However, as compost colonization reaches a maximum, a change in the competitive balance in favor of Th2 results in the inhibition of fruit body production by A. bisporus and the devastating green mold epidemics affecting mushroom production. 相似文献
9.
Huub J. M. Op den Camp Claudius K. Stumm Gerben Straatsma Piet J. L. Derikx Leo J. L. D. van Griensven 《Microbial ecology》1990,19(3):303-309
The interaction betweenAgaricus bisporus andScytalidium thermophilum on agar media was studied by differential interference contrast and phase contrast microscopy.A. bisporus combatively replacesS. thermophilum in culture on agar media. The antagonistic effect ofA. bisporus is transmissible through a cellophane membrane and causes irreversible disintegration ofS. thermophilum protoplasm, resulting in a total loss of viability after prolonged interaction between the two fungi. On compost extract agar, but not on other media, the growth rate ofA. bisporus increased from 2.7 to 5.3 mm·d–1 following contact withS. thermophilum mycelium. 相似文献
10.
Summary The morphology of two strains of Penicillium chrysogenum immobilized in calcium alginate and used in penicillin fermentation was examined. The degree and distribution of mycelial growth inside and on the surface of the beads depended on the strain, the cultivation media and the fermentation time. P. chrysogenum ATCC 12690 developed as a mycelial network inside the beads. The growth tendency of P. chrysogenum S1 in micropellets was directed to the outer surface of the beads. At the end of the production phase only a trace of mycelia and no micropellets in the center of alginate beads were observed, while the outer surface and the subsurface were completely covered with mycelia. 相似文献
11.
Pleurotus florida produced high amounts of laccase (4.60 U/ml) in malt extract broth after 12 days' growth under stationary conditions. The production of laccase was semi-constitutive. Hyperlaccase mutants ofP. florida were obtained through mutagenesis of mycelial protoplasts usingN-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (50 g/ml) for 2 min. Three hyperlaccase mutants were selected showing growth and enzyme production responses similar to the parent. 相似文献
12.
Summary The optimal growth rate ofLipomyces
starkeyi, with dextran as sole carbon source, was found within the pH range 2.5–4.0, and temperature between 25–30°C. This yeast was unable to grow above 33°C. Dextranase production optima paralleled growth optima, except at pH 2.5. Decrease in enzyme yield at this pH could not be attributed to poor yeast growth or enzyme stability. 相似文献
13.
Influence of the inoculum size ofLactobacillus
plantarum on the competition withEnterobacter
cloacae
Summary The size of the inoculum ofLactobacillus
plantarum or its natural density, appears to be of predominant importance in the exclusion ofEnterobacter
cloacae in mixed fermentations, such as ensilage. In a liquid medium, simulating adverse silage conditions, an initial density ofL.
plantarum at least twice that ofE.
cloacae was found necessary in order to obtain a succesful silage. 相似文献
14.
Production of mature sporophores ofAgaricus bisporus was achieved for the first time in amended, autoclaved soil, gamma-sterilized soil, and soil-extract agar medium. The initiation of sporophores was triggered by metabolites of soil-inhabiting bacteria, particularly nodule forming isolates. Whether a single metabolite or several metabolites of these bacteria caused formation of sporophores could not be established; however, biotin alone when added to soil extract medium produced comparable results. The potentiality of different bacteria to induce sporophore formation varied considerably within species and isolates.Amino acids favored vegetative growth ofA. bisporus, but failed to induce formation of sporophores. Organic acids supported luxuriant growth and poor sporophore formation. Among several growth-promoting substances and vitamins, biotin induced abundant formation of mature sporophores.The authors are thankful to Dr. C. Corke, Department of Soil Microbiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, for providing some bacterial cultures used in this study. 相似文献
15.
芳香族化合物适当时间适当浓度添加到培养基中,可提高真菌漆酶活性,有助于增强其对木质纤维素的利用效率。为了增强斑玉蕈漆酶活性,本文研究了8种芳香族化合物对其酶活的影响及其与菌丝生物量的相关性。研究发现在无诱导物条件下,斑玉蕈漆酶活性和菌丝生物量相关系数r为0.9956,说明它们呈正相关,但是整个培养过程漆酶活性相对较低;供试的芳香族化合物对漆酶活性都有不同程度的诱导作用,其中添加0.1mmol/L的愈创木酚对斑玉蕈漆酶活性诱导作用最大,达到3倍以上,同时提高了斑玉蕈菌丝生长速度和菌丝生物量;而随着添加时间的延长,部分化合物对漆酶活性和菌丝生物量都产生不同程度的抑制作用,这可能因为化合物对菌丝毒性的延长导致菌丝生长变慢或死亡;进一步研究发现,斑玉蕈3个漆酶同工酶基因lcc2、lcc3和lcc4在诱导剂愈创木酚的影响下转录水平都不同程度地上调。研究结果表明诱导漆酶活性可以提高斑玉蕈菌丝生长速度和生物量,暗示可能通过提高漆酶活性的方法,提高斑玉蕈的培养基利用效率。 相似文献
16.
Ligninolytic properties of different white-rot fungi 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary Seven white-rot fungi were examined for the production of ligninase, manganese peroxidase and laccase. All these enzymes were found inTrametes gibbosa andTrametes hirsuta. Only manganese peroxidase and laccase were produced byPycnoporus cinnabarinus,Coriolopsis polyzona,Stereum hirsutum,Dichomitus squalens andGanoderma valesiacum. All fungi decolorized Poly B-411 and Indulin AT plates with low-N medium. The differences in enzyme pattern indicate that different species of fungi may employ different modes of lignin metabolism. 相似文献
17.
Dr. Anton S. Sonnenberg Jos G. Wessels Leo J. van Griensven 《Current microbiology》1988,17(5):285-291
Conditions for efficient protoplasting and regeneration ofAgaricus bisporus andA. bitorquis are described. Especially forA. bisporus protoplasts, high regeneration frequencies were obtained (up to 30%). The protoplasting/regeneration system can be used for routine isolation of homokaryons ofA. bisporus. Such homokaryons, derived from protoplasts containing one type of nucleus only, can easily be identified by analyzing isoenzyme banding patterns. 相似文献
18.
Michle L. Largeteau Johan P.P. Baars Catherine Regnault-Roger Jean-Michel Savoie 《Mycological Research》2006,110(4):431-440
The genetic and physiological variability of Verticillium fungicola var. aleophilum responsible for Agaricus bisporus dry bubble disease in North America is well documented but little is known about the var. fungicola affecting European crops. Variability was assessed within this variety and compared with that reported for the var. aleophilum. Eighteen isolates of V. fungicola var. fungicola and four var. aleophilum isolates were analysed for DNA polymorphism, mycelial growth, response to biochemicals produced by A. bisporus, fungicide resistance, and pathogenicity assessed by direct inoculation on sporophore or casing contamination. RAPD and AFLP markers delineated three French isolates from a homogeneous group containing the other var. fungicola isolates, but no correlation could be drawn between DNA polymorphism and the various traits studied. The var. fungicola isolates were more susceptible than the var. aleophilum isolates to the antibiosis effect of A. bisporus. Only mycelial growth rate at 23 °C could explain the variability in aggressiveness among the European isolates. The putative effect of the post-incubation temperature on contamination during mushroom cultivation was discussed. This work emphasized that, like the American var. aleophilum, the var. fungicola in Europe is genetically homogeneous, but physiological diversity exists, especially in France where it could be related to less standardized cultural practices. 相似文献
19.
Summary The oxygen requirement ofHansenula
anomala growing in batch culture on nitrate as sole source of nitrogen was examined. An aeration rate of 0.03 vvm or a constant oxygen partial pressure of 0.01 bar is sufficient for optimal growth. 相似文献
20.
Claus H. von der Osten Catherine Gioannetti Anthony J. Sinskey 《Biotechnology letters》1989,11(1):11-16
Summary An improved minimal medium for growth ofCorynebacterium
glutamicum has been designed. In particular,C.glutamicum's inefficiency in assimilating iron has been overcome by optimization of the synergistic effects of sodium citrate and ferrous sulfate on the growth rate. 相似文献