非洲菊试管苗叶柄愈伤组织的诱导与分化研究

以非洲菊(Gerbera janesonii Bolus)品种‘Sunanda'试管苗幼叶的带叶叶柄为材料,研究了培养基、外植体类型和继代次数等因素对愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响.结果表明:培养基上附加不同植物生长调节剂所诱导出的愈伤组织在形态和分化能力上存在显著差异,叶柄基部诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基是MS+TDZ 0.3 mg L-1+NAA0.1 mg L-1.外植体以叶片长度＞0.5 cm,叶片已舒展,颜色嫩绿的幼叶最佳,继代培养基以MS+KT 1.0 mg L-1较适宜,愈伤组织在分化培养基MS+6-BA 2.0 mg L-1+NAA 0.1 mg L-1上分化出芽的同时还会增殖,分化率达87.4%,继代培养2次的愈伤组织分化率可提高至95%.不定芽在生根培养基1/2MS+IBA0.6 mg L-1上的生根率达100%,试管苗移栽45 d后,成活率达97%以上.     

黄山药愈伤组织诱导与分化

采用黄山药野生植株作为外植体,试验了不同激素处理对黄山药愈伤组织的诱导、分化影响,结果表明：不同的外植体的诱导率差别较大,叶片的诱导率最高,最高达到85．7％,茎段的诱导率较低,平均诱导率仅10％左右。以叶片作为外植体诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基配方为MS 2,4-D2．0mg／L 6-BA2．5mg／L;愈伤组织分化生芽的最佳配方为MS BA1．0mg／L NAA0．5mg／L 蔗糖2％ pH6．4;愈伤组织分化生根的最佳配方诱MS BA1．0mg／L NAA0．1mg／L 蔗糖3％ pH6．80。     

防风愈伤组织诱导及其分化研究

[目的]研究防风愈伤组织形成和分化的适宜条件,为优良品种的培育奠定基础。[方法]以防风幼苗为材料,进行愈伤组织诱导和分化研究。[结果]以茎段为外植体在黑暗下诱导愈伤组织分化最佳;在黑暗条件下继代,最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 0.6 mg/L+6-BA 0.4 mg/L+KT 0.6 mg/L。光暗交替下MS+1.0 mg/L KT+0.4 mg/L NAA和MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 0.4 mg/L+KT 0.6 mg/L为最佳丛生芽诱导培养基;黑暗下MS+NAA 0.6 mg/L+6-BA0.5 mg/L和MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+KT 0.6 mg/L为最佳不定根诱导培养基。且MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L和MS+NAA 0.6 mg/L+6-BA 0.4 mg/L+KT 0.2 mg/L均有利于防风丛生芽的诱导,NAA 0.2 mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L有利于防风不定根的形成。[结论]成功诱导防风愈伤组织并分化出丛生芽和不定根,为再生体系建立和规模化培养提供技术支撑。     

元宝草愈伤组织诱导和器官分化

在 2 ,4 D 1或 2mg·L-1的MS培养基上 ,愈伤组织极易诱导 ,生长速度快。在 6 BA 2mg·L-1的MS培养基上带芽愈伤组织继代培养能力强 ,繁殖系数高。带叶茎段在BA或KT的诱导下 ,结节可直接产生不定芽 ,并分化成一圈成簇的丛芽     

黄山药愈伤组织的诱导与分化

以黄山药的叶片、茎段和叶柄作外植体,以MS为基本培养基,试验了不同激素组合对愈伤组织诱导的影响,采用正交试验法研究了愈伤组织的分化效果。结果表明,以MS+2,4-D1~2mg/L+6-BA2mg/L培养基对叶片的愈伤组织诱导效果最好,接种12d后初见愈伤组织,20d后可形成大量的愈伤组织,而茎段和叶柄的诱导效果较差。分化试验结果表明,生根率最高可达85.3%,而出芽率最高仅达29.6%。     

葶苈愈伤组织诱导及分化研究

为保护野生资源、实现人工栽培,本研究以葶苈(Draba nemorosa)嫩茎为材料,采用组织培养方法进行愈伤组织诱导与分化、不定芽生根与试管苗生根继代增殖培养,以及移栽和定植研究。结果表明,MS+6-BA 0.4 mg/L+2,4-D 2.5 mg/L是愈伤组织诱导培养和继代增殖培养的理想培养基;MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L 是愈伤组织分化培养和不定芽继代增殖培养的理想培养基;1/3MS+IAA 0.6 mg/L是不定芽生根培养和生根继代增殖培养的理想培养基;试管苗移栽成活率为86.8%,定植成活率为96.4%;定植苗保持了野生葶苈的植物学性状。     

扁桃愈伤组织诱导及分化的研究

以扁桃优良品种'Naporeil'的茎段、叶片和花药作为外殖体,分别对其进行愈伤组织诱导和分化研究,以筛选愈伤组织的最佳诱导增殖培养基、分化培养基和生根培养基.结果表明,该品种以茎段、花药作为外殖体最易诱导获得愈伤组织,叶片不适宜作为外殖体诱导愈伤组织;愈伤组织的最佳诱导增殖培养基均为B5+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA,愈伤组织诱导率为100%,增殖倍数最高可达7倍;茎段愈伤组织的分化培养基为MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.8 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L ZT,分化率为71%;花药愈伤组织未见分化.由茎段愈伤组织再分化获得的不定芽在1/2MS+0.5 mg/L IBA培养基上诱导生根,并给以黑暗预处理可使生根率达80%以上.     

党参叶片愈伤组织的诱导和分化

植物名称:党参(Codonopsis Pilosuta(Franch)Nannf)材料类别:幼嫩叶片。培养条件:MS为基本培养基。每升加水解乳白蛋白500mg。诱导愈伤组织时每升附加2,4-D1mg,玉米素3mg;诱导愈伤组织分化,每升附加玉米素3mg,NAA0.1mg;诱导长根时,培养基内不加生长素和细胞分裂素物质。培养温度为24～28℃,每天光照10～12小时。生长与分化情况:(一)愈伤组织的诱导:外植体培养15天以后,开始形成淡黄色愈伤组织,生长     

两面针的愈伤组织诱导与分化

两面针具有很高的药用价值,但资源贫乏。利用组织培养技术获得种苗,为恢复两面针的资源打下基础。研究结果表明,以无根苗的茎段为外植体,MS+4.0 mg/L KT+2.0 mg/L NAA培养基较适宜愈伤组织诱导,诱导率达到74.84%。适宜的分化培养基是MS+6.0 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L IBA。经过2次分化诱导,芽分化率达到36.46%,每块愈伤组织平均分化出3.30个芽。分化后的芽可以通过增殖培养提高芽的数量和质量。适宜的增殖培养基是MS+4.0 mg/L KT+0.8 mg/L NAA,培养8周的芽增殖系数达到5.00。适宜生根诱导的培养基是1/2MS+0.2 mg/L KT+1.0 mg/L IBA,生根率达到66.75%。本研究成功地从两面针愈伤组织中分化出芽和根,获得了高繁殖系数的组织培养技术。     

Chloramphenicol Induced Changes in Some Respiratory Characteristics of Potato Tuber Callus

Chloramphenicol (CAP), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial proteinsynthesis inhibits callus induction and subsequent growth ofpotato tuber tissue discs. Tissue respiration increase did notoccur in the presence of CAP. Both with and without CAP theinitially CN^–-sensitive tissue becomes totally CN^–-resistantin 1–2 weeks. CAP blocks the development of mitcohondrial cytochrome oxidase.A gradual decrease in the activities of cytochrome oxidase andof cytochrome pathway-mediated mitochondrial respiration isfound in CAP-tissue. The mitochondrial alternative pathway whichis absent in mitochondria from freshly sliced tissue developsduring incubation both in the absence and presence of CAP. Thealternative pathway is only operative in uninhibited state IIIrespiration in mitochondria from CAP-tissue. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of the cytoplasmic protein synthesisinhibits the developments of the alternative pathway and ofthe cytochrome pathway. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity increasestenfold in the tissue during two weeks of incubation on mediawith and without CAP. Alcohol production in the tissue did nottake place in the controls nor in the CAP-treated tissue. (Received April 18, 1981; Accepted July 17, 1981)     

Starch Removal from Potato Tuber Sections

Heating plant sections at 90 C with 0.5% aqueous ammonium oxalate is required to remove pectins. When applied to tissues rich in starch such as potato, this step produces heavy dextrinization of the starch which hinders subsequent evaluation of the extinction values of the cell walls. To overcome this a method has been devised to brush away the starch granules from the sections with a thin paint brush, just after paraffin removal by xylene. The slide is then processed as usual: pectins are removed by heat treatment, cell walls are stained with PAS and the stain intensity can be evaluated by photometry.     

Physiological Gradients in the Potato Tuber

The distribution of the major cations and anions, together with citric acid, malic acid and iron, has been studied in tubers of Solanum tuberosum cv. Golden Wonder, by analysis of longitudinal cores divided into 16 equal cylindrical sections. In immature daughter tubers the constituents studied were evenly distributed along the tuber, but in mature tubers a considerable polarity had developed. The concentrations of potassium, phosphorus and citric acid each rose from the heel to the rose end of the tuber. Iron showed a gradient in the opposite direction. These gradients were maintained in sprouting tubers, and although after 25 days the levels of these constituents were reduced, the patterns of distribution were unchanged. In the exhausted mother tubers all these constituents were much depleted and only potassium exhibited any pattern of polar distribution. Malic acid was barely detectable at any stage, and calcium, sodium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate and nitrate were always at low levels and showed no polarity of distribution. At each developmental stage potassium was correlated with the difference in electrical potential measured between cells at points across the tuber. A close correlation was apparent between potassium and citric acid content in young, mature and sprouting tubers. In all stages a considerable discrepancy existed between total anions and total cations and this was attributed to the presence of organic acids other than citric acid.     

马铃薯块茎中总RNA的快速提取

马铃薯块茎中由于含有大量的多糖和酚类物质,因此难以从中提取RNA。本实验采用CTAB法从马铃薯块茎中提取了总RNA,并进行了马铃薯病毒的检验。结果表明:得到的RNA完整性好,A260/A280在1.7～2.0范围内,纯度也比较高。用RT-PCR方法进行马铃薯Y病毒的检验,得到了一条与预计扩增长度相同的一条带,并检验出枣庄地区马铃薯Y病毒的感染率为75%。     

Embryogenesis and Differentiation in Nigella sativa Leaf Callus in vitro

Embryogenesis occurred in Nigella sativa L. (Fam. Ranunculaceae) leaf callus tissue when coconut milk was replaced from the Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium by casein hydrolysate. On MS + IAA (0.5 mg/l) + casein hydrolysate (100 and 500 mg/l) medium, tissue gained a capacity of growing embryoids for a pro-longed culture period. At a concentration of 1000 mg/l casein hydrolysate suppressed the differentiating capacity after the fifth subculture. 2.4-D and kinetin had inhibitory effects on morphogenesis. Histology of the differentiated tissue revealed that the origin of roots, shoot buds and leaves were from groups of meristematic cells whereas embryoids were initiated by the repeated division of a single cell.     

真菌菌丝细胞壁提取物对马铃薯块茎组织抗干腐病的诱导效应

以马铃薯(品种'大西洋')块茎切片为材料,研究了马铃薯非亲和菌株粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)菌丝细胞壁提取物处理对马铃薯块茎组织干腐病抗性的诱导效果及其机理.结果表明,150 μg/mL(以中性糖含量为标准)菌丝细胞壁提取物预处理马铃薯切片72 h后进行损伤接种能显著降低干腐病菌(Fusarium sulphureum)的侵染能力,预处理块茎的病斑直径仅为对照的43.6%;菌丝细胞壁提取物处理能显著增强与马铃薯块茎组织抗病相关的过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性.可见,粉红单端孢菌丝细胞壁提取物预处理能显著增强马铃薯块茎组织对干腐病的抗性,而且主要是通过提高马铃薯块茎组织中与抗病性相关酶的活性来实现的.