粉蚧标本保存与DNA提取方法的比较

【目的】探讨适合粉蚧的标本保存及DNA提取方法。【方法】采用改良CTAB法、改良SDS法、Gen Mag Bio动物细胞组织/细胞基因组磁珠法以及Gene JET Genomic DNA纯化试剂盒法4种方法分别对新鲜活体4℃、无水乙醇﹣20℃和无水乙醇4℃3种保存方式且保存一年以上的扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis成虫进行DNA提取,并对不同提取方法所获取的DNA纯度与质量浓度进行分析比较验证。【结果】3种保存方式中,新鲜活体效果最好,其次为无水乙醇-20℃。无水乙醇4℃效果和无水乙醇﹣20℃无明显区别,均存在一定程度的降解。对于新鲜活体标本,以CTAB法提取的DNA质量最高,其次为Gen Mag Bio磁珠法和SDS法,Gene JET试剂盒法最差;对于无水乙醇﹣20℃和4℃保存时间较长的标本,磁珠法提取的DNA质量明显优于其余3种方法。【结论】无水乙醇﹣20℃可用于粉蚧长期保存,可满足后续分子研究需要;改良CTAB法对新鲜粉蚧成虫DNA提取效果较好,磁珠法对长时间保存DNA存在一定程度降解的粉蚧成虫效果较好。     

携带松材线虫对松墨天牛成虫肠道和气管细菌的影响

【目的】探究被松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus携带的松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus对松墨天牛肠道和气管细菌的影响。【方法】野外采集携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫后,取出完整肠道和气管进行细菌总DNA抽提后进行16S rDNA基因测序并拼接,并利用生物信息学方法分析松墨天牛成虫肠道和气管细菌组成、结构、丰度和多样性。【结果】携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫肠道和气管细菌菌群共检测到15门26纲66目110科201属296种,可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)数目为444。携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫比未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫肠道优势细菌菌群变化不显著,均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)肠杆菌目(Enterobacterales);携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫气管优势细菌菌群为变形菌门肠杆菌目,未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫气管优势细菌菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)乳杆菌目(Lactobacillales)。携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫较未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫气管细菌多样性和丰度升高,细...     

携带与未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛转录组差异表达基因分析

【目的】本研究旨在建立携带与未携带松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus的松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus成虫各组织的转录组数据库,揭示松墨天牛对松材线虫响应的转录组整体表达特征。【方法】以携带和未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫的表皮、气管和脂肪体为材料,采用Illumina HiSeq TM 2000测序平台开展转录组测序,利用Trinity软件对RNA-Seq数据进行从头组装,利用NCBI数据库进行基因注释。通过DEG-Seq分析携带和未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫中的差异表达基因,对上调表达基因进行GO和KEGG代谢途径富集分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术对部分差异表达的基因包括ENV,CDK1,HSP70-C,HSP70,HSP75,DUO,PABPN1和IGFP基因的表达水平进行验证。【结果】测序过滤后共获得55059条单基因簇(unigene),平均长度为1536 bp。将unigene与数据库中的序列进行BLASTX比对,成功注释24354条unigenes,其中4022条unigene在GO数据库中获得注释,6098条unigene在KEGG数据库中获得注释。经过GO与KEGG富集分析显示,松墨天牛成虫携带松材线虫后,差异表达基因主要为与其气管中压力调节、组织与DNA修复、激素响应方面相关的基因。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示CDK1,HSP70,HSP75,DUO,PABPN1和IGFP基因的表达量在携带松材线虫的松墨天牛气管中相比未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛气管中的显著上调。【结论】本研究初步阐明松墨天牛携带松材线虫后转录组的整体表达模式,为进一步研究松墨天牛的基因功能及对松材线虫的胁迫响应过程奠定了基础。     

松墨天牛成虫室内外种群肠道细菌的多样性及功能分析

【目的】为明确松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus成虫中、后肠细菌群落结构,探索肠道细菌的潜在功能。【方法】分别提取室外和室内饲养的松墨天牛成虫各15头(室内和室外各15个中肠、15个后肠)的肠道DNA,利用二代测序技术对松墨天牛成虫肠道细菌的16S rDNA V3–V4区序列进行测序,统计操作分类单元(OTUs)数量,分析物种组成、Alpha多样性和Beta多样性;采用PICRUSt软件预测肠道细菌的功能。【结果】共获得544180条高质量序列,在97%相似度下将其聚类为615个OTUs,总共注释到22个门、48个纲、112个目、172个科、285个属和408个种。室内种群的OTUs数量多于室外种群,室内外种群的OTUs种类存在差异性。同一种群的中、后肠之间差异不明显。变形菌门Proteobacteria为室内外松墨天牛肠道细菌的最优势门;肠杆菌属Enterobacter为室外种群肠道细菌和室内种群后肠细菌的最优势属,沙雷氏菌属Serratia为室内种群中肠的最优势属。Alpha多样性结果表明松墨天牛成虫室内种群肠道菌群的丰度显著高于室外种群;Beta多样性结果显示室外种群肠道菌群均一性和稳定性比室内种群好。室外和室内种群的中肠与后肠之间在菌群丰度和多样性上均无显著差异。功能预测结果表明,室内外松墨天牛成虫肠道菌群中代谢通路的丰度最高,其中以糖类代谢和氨基酸代谢为主,还有降解外源化学物质、萜类和聚酮类化合物及其他次生代谢物质的能力。不同种群、不同肠段之间的功能丰度均无显著差异。【结论】明确了取食不同食料的松墨天牛成虫中、后肠的细菌群落结构及差异,了解了肠道细菌的潜在作用,为进一步探究松墨天牛肠道共生菌的功能提供了理论基础。     

马尾松不同部位挥发物对松墨天牛触角电位和行为反应的影响

【目的】探究马尾松健康植株不同位置挥发性物质,比较其不同部位的挥发物的种类差异及含量,分析松墨天牛成虫对健康马尾松各部位挥发物的触角电位反应和嗅觉反应,为开展松墨天牛的行为调控技术提供依据。【方法】采用静态顶空法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了马尾松松针、1 cm枝条、5 cm枝条、20 cm树干、30 cm树干、松油脂6个部位的挥发物,并对松墨天牛雌雄成虫进行触角电位测定和行为反应观测。【结果】6个部位的挥发物提取物中,共检测出36种挥发性物质,各部位挥发物种类相近,相对含量差异较大,但其主要挥发物均为萜烯类物质,主要包括月桂烯、蒎烯、左旋-beta-蒎烯、莰烯等。在触角电位试验中,5 cm枝条挥发物提取物的触角电位值最高,松油脂挥发物提取物的触角电位值最高;在行为反应试验中,各部位挥发物对松墨天牛成虫均有一定的引诱作用,其中雌成虫对5 cm枝条挥发物提取物的趋向性最高,雄成虫对30 cm树干和松油脂挥发物提取物的趋向性最高。【结论】健康状态下,马尾松5 cm枝条及30 cm树干和松油脂中萜烯类挥发物制成的植物源引诱剂对松墨天牛两性成虫具有更好的引诱作用,这将为提高现有的诱捕剂效果提供参考,同时为松墨天牛虫害防治提供科学依据。     

松墨天牛表皮蛋白基因的克隆及表达分析

【目的】本研究旨在探索松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope中昆虫表皮蛋白（ICP）基因在幼虫各组织中和不同发育阶段的时空表达模式。【方法】用cDNA末端快速扩增方法(rapid amplification of cDNA ends, RACE) 克隆了松墨天牛表皮蛋白基因,用实时荧光定量PCR分析了该基因在幼虫体内和不同虫态中的表达。【结果】克隆获得的松墨天牛幼虫表皮蛋白基命名为MoalICP（GenBank 登录号：AGX00998.1）,开放阅读框长408 bp,编码135个氨基酸,推测得到的蛋白的分子量为14.51 kDa。由MoalICP推导的蛋白与桑天牛Apriona germari ICP (AAM66718.1)氨基酸序列一致性为79%;与丽蝇蛹集金小蜂Nasonia vitripennis ICP (NP_001161297.1)、果蝇Drosophila mojavensis ICP (XP_002005461.1)、玉带凤蝶Papilio polytes ICP (BAM18876.1)等19种昆虫表皮蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性在35%~45%之间;在第10-26位氨基酸位处含有一个跨膜片段。MoalICP在幼虫头、体壁、脂肪体、血细胞、中肠和马氏管均有表达;在蛹和成虫中的表达量分别是在幼虫中的44%和161%。【结论】MoalICP与其他昆虫有较高的氨基酸序列一致性。MoalICP在松墨天牛幼虫内广泛表达;在各个发育阶段中,以成虫中的表达量最高。本文为进一步研究松墨天牛表皮蛋白基因的生理功能和松墨天牛的表皮化学奠定基础。     

松墨天牛漆酶基因MaLac1的克隆、原核表达及表达谱分析

【目的】本研究旨在克隆并鉴定松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus内源漆酶基因MaLac1,分析其在松墨天牛不同发育阶段的表达水平,为进一步明确MaLac1功能提供依据。【方法】基于松墨天牛肠道转录组测序数据,通过RACE克隆松墨天牛MaLac1基因的全长cDNA序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析;将该基因与pET-32a载体链接构建表达载体pET-MaLac1,导入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)使其表达;使用qPCR检测MaLac1基因在松墨天牛不同发育阶段(低龄幼虫、老熟幼虫、蛹、雌成虫和雄成虫)肠道中的表达差异。【结果】克隆获得松墨天牛MaLac1的cDNA全长序列(GenBank登录号:KY073340)。MaLac1开放阅读框全长2 067 bp,编码一个含688个氨基酸的蛋白质,预测分子量为78.34 kD,等电点为5.30。SignalP 4.1 Server预测MaLac1在N端包含一个15个氨基酸的信号肽。序列比对分析表明,MaLac1具有典型的昆虫漆酶基因特征,与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum漆酶基因的氨基酸序列一致性达93%。SDS-PAGE检测发现IPTG诱导表达了一条大约78 kD的特异蛋白条带,与推测大小一致。qPCR结果显示,MaLac1在不同发育阶段的松墨天牛肠道中均有表达,其中,在雌成虫肠道中表达量最高,在雄成虫肠道中的次之,在幼虫肠道中的最低。【结论】MaLac1在松墨天牛成虫中表达量显著高于其在幼虫中的,这一结果可能与幼虫和成虫的取食习性差异相关。MaLac1在松墨天牛体内的功能还有待进一步研究。     

松墨天牛化学感受组织荧光定量PCR内参基因的鉴定与筛选

【目的】本研究拟选择适合用于分析松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus化学感受组织中基因表达的内参基因。【方法】依据转录组测序结果进行内参基因鉴定,利用RT-q PCR技术分析内参基因在松墨天牛不同发育阶段和不同性别化学感受组织间的表达差异,并利用软件ge Norm,Norm Finder和Best Keeper比较其表达的稳定性。【结果】松墨天牛转录组中鉴定出9个候选内参基因(Actin,TUB,18S rRNA,RPS27A,RPS3,RPL10,AK,GAPDH和EF1A),其中后7个候选内参基因在松墨天牛中被首次鉴定,松墨天牛候选内参基因和其他昆虫相应基因的同源性很高。9个候选内参基因引物均具有良好的扩增效率,18S rRNA的表达水平最高,EF1A的表达水平最低;18S rRNA和Actin在不同样品间的表达水平差异最大,GAPDH和TUB表达水平在不同样品间差异最小。ge Norm和Norm Finder软件分析认为,GAPDH是最稳定的内参基因,TUB是较为稳定的内参基因,18S rRNA和Actin是最不稳定的内参基因;Best Keeper软件分析认为,GAPDH和TUB是合适的内参基因,18S rRNA和Actin是不适合的内参基因。最适合校正松墨天牛化学感受组织中基因表达数据的内参基因数量为2个,即GAPDH和TUB,并且这样的内参基因组合可以用于不同发育阶段和不同性别的不同化学感受组织。【结论】本研究结果为利用RT-q PCR技术准确分析松墨天牛和其他天牛基因包括化学感受组织基因相对表达量的内参基因选择提供了重要参考。     

两栖动物酒精标本DNA模板的快速提取

本文以中国角蟾属4个种的蝌蚪酒精固定标本为材料,取尾部肌肉组织0．1g,滤纸吸干组织块表面的酒精,在研钵中用剪刀剪碎,液氮研磨成粉(必要时可加少量石英砂),转入1．5ml离心管,加入1．0ml提取缓冲液(0．5％SDS,10mmol/L Tris-HCl,100mmol/L EDTA,pH8.0),37℃温浴h,5000r/min离心10min,取上清转入另一1.5ml离心管,氯仿/异戊醇(24：1)抽提两次,上清液加2倍体积预冷(-20℃)的无水乙醇沉淀DNA,12000r/min离心3min,无菌条件下风干后,50μl TE溶解,4℃保存备用。以通用引物PCR扩增12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因部分片段并测序。本文不采用蛋白酶K提取酒精保存标本的DNA模板,全部流程只需3个小时,可同时提取数十个乃至数百个标本,并且所提取的DNA模板适合短片段PCR扩增。     

保存方式和回软温度对蜜蜂标本DNA提取的影响北大核心CSCD

旨在探寻保存方式及制作干标本前回软温度对蜜蜂不同部位DNA的影响。采用酚-氯仿法对不同方式保存的蜜蜂以及不同温度回软后的蜜蜂干标本的总DNA进行提取,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和PCR扩增对DNA的提取结果进行鉴定。电泳结果显示,从新鲜标本、无水乙醇泡制或自然干燥保存半年的标本中均可提取到较高质量的总DNA,尤以头部与足部提取效果最佳。经不同水浴温度回软后保存半年的蜜蜂干标本总DNA提取结果显示,回软温度为65℃时对蜜蜂DNA的破坏性最小,DNA提取的最佳部位为蜜蜂足部。正交试验结果显示,55℃回软后的足部为蜜蜂干标本DNA提取的最优组合。PCR扩增结果显示,本实验提取的总DNA能成功地应用于蜜蜂线粒体基因16S rRNA和COI的扩增。从保存方式、提取部位和回软操作3个因素对蜜蜂标本DNA的提取进行了研究,提供了较好的选择方案。     

DNA extraction from bronchial aspirates for molecular cytology: which method to take?

OBJECTIVE: To date, there are only few systematic reports on the quality of DNA extracted from routine diagnostic cytologic specimens. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate the ability of 50% ethanol/2% carbowax (Saccomanno fixative) to preserve bronchial secretions with high quality genomic DNA as well as to compare different DNA extraction methods. METHODS: DNA was extracted from 45 bronchial aspirates by four different extraction protocols. Beside DNA yield, DNA quality with regard to purity, integrity, and PCR success rate were investigated. RESULTS: No fragmentation of sample DNA due to the fixative was detected. It was preserved as high molecular weight DNA. DNA yield, purity, and integrity were dependent on the DNA extraction method to some extend. Irrespective of the DNA extraction method the PCR success rate for amplification of beta-globin gene fragments (268, 536, and 989 bp) was 100%. CONCLUSION: A fixative containing 50% ethanol/2% carbowax preserves high quality DNA which is well suited for PCR-based assays regardless of the extraction protocol used. The selection of the DNA extraction protocol has to be adjusted to the circumstances of application.     

Comparison of Preservation Methods of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) for Reliable DNA Amplification by PCR

Five differently preserved groups of adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus specimens were compared for quality of DNA extracted. Three methods were used to extract DNA from specimens i.e. two simple mosquito validated DNA extraction methods and a tick validated method. Extraction of DNA from tick legs was attempted. The quality of DNA extracted was evaluated by the success of PCR amplification of the ITS2 gene and the mitochondrial COI gene fragment. Fresh specimens (i.e. killed just before extraction) had the highest success of DNA amplification followed by specimens killed in ethanol and subsequently stored in the refrigerator (4 °C). There was no significant difference in amplification success between cryopreserved and 70% ethanol preserved specimens. It was possible to amplify DNA from legs of ticks. Sequenced ITS2 amplicon of template obtained from legs of ticks was as legible as those from whole tick extract. The two mosquito validated DNA extraction methods showed a significantly lower amplification success than the tick validated protocol.     

松墨天牛和光肩星天牛染色体核型

以松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope和光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky为研究对象,以各种天牛的最适条件和最佳材料进行染色体的制备和观察。试验结果如下:松墨天牛的最佳试验材料为7日龄蛹的精巢或卵巢,染色体数目2n=20,性别决定机制为Xyp,有大型染色体5对,中型染色体4对,性染色体在其大小排列中位于最末位,为中型染色体,染色体组式为5L+4M+Xyp;光肩星天牛的最佳试验材料为初羽化成虫的精巢或卵巢,染色体数目2n=20,性别决定机制为Xyp,有大型染色体6对,中型染色体3对,性染色体在其大小排列中位于最末位,但也为中型染色体,染色体组式:6L+3M+Xyp。     

Quality assessment of cryopreserved biospecimens reveals presence of intact biomolecules

Recapitulation of tumor features in isolated biomolecules is preeminently dependent on obtaining reliable quality biospecimen. Moreover, quality assessment of biobanked specimens at regular intervals is an essential intervention for carrying out effective translational and clinical research. In the current study, genomic DNA was extracted from 140 fresh frozen tissues of oral, breast and colorectal specimens cryopreserved over a period of 3 to 8 months (short term) and 3 to 4 years (long term). Quantification of genomic DNA by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed high concentration while qualitative analysis by gel electrophoresis showed intact bands for 94% and 87% of short‐ and long‐term cohorts, respectively. PC‐LDA based classification of Raman spectra showed overlapping groups of both cohorts suggesting the quality of DNA being preserved irrespective of storage period. To the best of our knowledge this is the first Indian biobank study reporting quality analysis of biospecimens cryopreserved at different time periods.     

Recommendations on the use of alcohols for preservation of ant specimens (Hymenoptera,Formicidae)

Summary Collectors use a variety of concentrations and types of alcohols to preserve ant specimens. We evaluated existing literature, experimental evidence, and expert myrmecological advice to determine what kind and concentration of alcohol will result in the best preserved specimens for card-point mounting and DNA extraction. For our experimental evaluation, we killed and stored Solenopsis invicta, Camponotus floridanus, and Dorymyrmex bureni workers in isopropanol and ethanol at four concentrations (70, 85, 95, 100%) over three time periods (24 h, 1 month, 6 months). We then compared specimen condition and amenability to manipulation for mounting on card points. Specimens stored in either 95% isopropanol or 95% ethanol for time periods longer than 24 h produced the best specimens for mounting. A literature review revealed that DNA is best preserved in 95–100% ethanol due to the ability of ethanol to more rapidly penetrate cellular membranes and deactivate DNase activity than other primary alcohols. We recommend that general collections of adult ant specimens should be killed and stored in 95% ethanol. Following this recommendation will result in ant specimens that are easier to mount for museum collections and better preserved for molecular studies. A variety of other killing and preservation techniques relevant to the study of ants are also discussed.Received 8 July 2003; revised 23 October 2003; accepted 27 October 2003.     

Isolation of genomic DNA from medicinal plants without liquid nitrogen

Genomic DNA was extracted from eight medicinal plants using the present DNA extraction protocols (CTAB extraction method) with some modifications. Leaves were fixed in different fixing solutions containing absolute alcohol (99.99%), chloroform and EDTA, but without liquid nitrogen. DNA quality and quantity obtained were comparable to those isolated with liquid nitrogen, as the lambda260/lambda280 ratio with liquid nitrogen was in range 1.3-1.7 and with other fixing solutions it was 1.1-1.5. Absolute alcohol showed best results as fixing solution. Good quality of DNA was isolated without using liquid nitrogen from different medicinal plant species. DNA isolated by this method was suitable for various molecular biology applications.     

鳞翅目成虫乙醇保存标本基因组DNA的提取及在微卫星研究中的应用

高质量的基因组DNA样品是分子生态学研究的先决条件。本研究目的在于探索从东方粘虫Pseudaletia separata (Walker)成虫自然种群的乙醇保存标本中分离高质量基因组DNA的有效方案。在2 mL微型离心管中进行4种提取方案的实验比较,结果发现采用传统的苯酚抽提方法的2种方案提取腹部中段组织的基因组DNA,样品合格率只有7.69%~40%。但是,如果在苯酚抽提以前加入高浓度盐和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）,就会使DNA样品合格率达到68.42%~95.28%,而且DNA平均产量达到5.59~10.04 mg/g,明显高于前者的2.83~5.78 mg/g （统计检验表明,在不同种群中差异显著或不显著）。研究结果还证明腹部组织比胸部组织更适宜提取DNA。对来自一个自然种群的99头东方粘虫DNA合格样品的统计分析表明,DNA提取总量（μg）与组织样品用量（mg）之间存在弱的正相关关系,平均DNA提取量（mg/g）与组织样品用量（mg）之间存在中度负相关关系。总之,在2 mL微型离心管中,用10~20 mg腹部组织,利用CTAB+苯酚抽提方法可以获得高纯度和高含量的基因组DNA样品。用该方案提取的基因组DNA能够顺利地进行微卫星位点的分离和基因分型。     

Molecular identification of Taenia specimens after long-term preservation in formalin

The majority of Taenia tapeworm specimens in the museum collections are usually kept in a formalin fixative for permanent preservation mainly for use in morphological examinations. This study aims to improve Taenia tapeworm identification even of one preserved in formalin for a maximum of 81 years. Taenia tapeworms were collected by the parasite collection unit of the Swiss Natural History Museum and from units in Indonesia, Japan and Korea. A small amount of formalin-fixed tissue (100 mg) was crushed in liquid nitrogen and then soaked in a Tris-EDTA buffer for 3-5h. The sample was then digested in SDS and proteinase K (20 mg/ml) for 3-5h at 56 °C. After the addition of proteinase K (20mg/ml), SDS and hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB), incubation was continued for another 3h at 65 °C. A maximum yield of genomic DNA was obtained from this additional step and the quality of genomic DNA obtained with this extraction method seemed to be independent of the duration of storage time in the formalin fixative. The molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by using PCR and DNA sequences corresponding to position 80-428 of cox1 gene. T. asiatica was detected in the isolates of Indonesia, Japan and Korea. Improvements in the genomic DNA extraction method from formalin fixed museum collections will help in the molecular identification of parasites.     

革兰氏阳性细菌基因组DNA提取方法的比较及优化

【目的】基因组DNA提取效率和质量对分子生物学相关研究起着关键的作用,革兰氏阳性细菌由于细胞壁较厚、难破裂使其基因组DNA提取的难度增大,本文旨在寻找一种高效稳定的DNA提取方法。【方法】以Clostridium thermocellum和Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum为实验菌株,使用6种DNA提取方法对C. thermocellum基因组DNA进行提取,对比其提取效果和产率。【结果】改良的SDS-碱裂解法提取得到的DNA浓度较高(400 mg/l左右),且平行样间浓度和纯度稳定。【结论】为革兰氏阳性细菌基因组DNA提取提供参考。     

药用植物艾纳香基因组DNA提取方法研究

以药用植物艾纳香为研究对象,以-20℃保存、4℃保存、室温自然干燥和硅胶干燥四种样品保存方式,并采用SDS法、CTAB法、SDS-CTAB法和改良CTAB法4种不同的基因组DNA提取方法进行了对比试验,以期建立艾纳香的较好的样品保存方法和基因组DNA提取方法。结果表明,-20℃保存是艾纳香的较理想的样品保存方式;改良CTAB法是艾纳香基因组DNA提取较适宜的方法,该方法提取的DNA经紫外检测,其A_(260)/A_(280)为1.8左右,明显优于SDS法(1.1～1.5)、CTAB法(1.2～1.5)和SDS-CTAB法(1.4～1.6),琼脂糖凝胶电泳、酶切检测和PCR扩增也得出了同样的结论。