甘肃省痂蝗属一新种（蝗总科：斑翅蝗科）

本文记述采自甘肃省肃北县鱼儿红牧场的斑翅蝗科痂蝗属Ｂｒｙｏｄｅｍａ一新种,野马山痂蝗Ｂ．ｙｅｍａｓｈａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新种与透翅痂蝗Ｂ．ｈｙａｌｉｎａｌａ Ｚｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｎｇ近似。     

新疆异痂蝗属一新种：直翅目：蝗总科：斑翅蝗科

本文描述采自新疆北部异痂蝗属ＢｒｙｏｄｅｍｌｌａＹｉｎ１新种一小异痂蝗Ｂｒｙｏｄｅｍｅｌｌａｅｌｅｇａｎｓ,以下核实 特征而显著区别于该属其他种：（１）雄性型很小,体长在２３ｍｍ以下;（２）前胸背板背面沿后缘具１褐黄色带。     

喜马拉雅山地区痂蝗属二新种(直翅目,斑翅蝗科)

记述采自西藏喜马拉雅山地区痂蝗属2新种,伪透翅痂蝗Bryodema pseudohyalinala sp.nov.及康马痂蝗Bryodema kangmarensis sp.nov.。附有中国痂蝗属分种检索表。新种的模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

中国异痂蝗属一新种(直翅目,斑翅蝗科)

记述采自新疆北部地区异痂蝗属1新种,即黑翅异痂蝗Bryodemalla nigripennis sp.nov.,新种区别于属内所有已知种为:1)前胸背板沟后区两侧具3条侧隆线;2)后翅除基部淡红色外其余部分全黑色;3)后足股节外侧上下隆线均具细齿。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

雏蝗属黑翅亚属两种雏蝗染色体核型的比较研究

采用常规染色体制片方法,对雏蝗属黑翅亚属的黑翅雏蝗(Chorthippus(Megaulacobothrus)aethalinus(Zub.))和中华雏蝗(Ch.(M.)chinensis Tarb.)的染色体核型进行了分析比较,结果表明,两种雏蝗的染色体数目均为2n(♂)=17=16+XO;常染色体为中部着丝粒(m,6条)和端部着丝粒(t,10条)两种类型,性染色体类型为端部着丝粒,二者的相似性显示出该属的基本特征。但两种雏蝗的核型公式和染色体的相对长度组成则不相同,黑翅雏蝗K(2n,♂)=6m+11t=6L+6M+4S+XO;中华雏蝗K(2n,♂)=6m+11t=6L+8M+2S+XO。而且,二种雏蝗的性染色体位次及相对长度也有明显差异:黑翅雏蝗的性染色体位于第五位,相对长度为8.33%,而中华雏蝗的则位于第八位,相对长度为5.53%。由此看出,二种雏蝗不同物种间存在的不同遗传特征。     

东亚飞蝗血细胞形态学研究

通过Wright's染色和光学显微镜对不同地区东亚飞蝗的血细胞进行了观察,发现东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)的血细胞包括原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞和类绛血胞4种类型.原血胞的细胞核为红色,而其它3种血细胞的细胞核均被Wright's染液染成红色和蓝色2种类型.故认为浆血胞是...     

基于染色体数据的痂蝗属部分种类亲缘关系分析

本文基于染色体数据,对9种较为常见的痂蝗进行了比较分析,并运用SPSS系统分析软件构建了反映各种间系统发育关系的系统树;结合相关研究成果,对各种间的亲缘关系进行了分析和推测.     

山东省网翅蝗属一新种(直翅目,蝗总科,网翅蝗科)

记述了采自中国山东省网翅蝗科的1新种,黄条网翅蝗Arcyptera flavivittata sp.nov..模式标本保存于山东农业大学植物保护学院,泰安.     

两种网翅蝗精子的比较研究：直翅目：蝗总科

通过对青脊竹蝗Ｃｅｒａｃｒｉｓ ｎｉｇｇｒｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ ｎｉｇｒｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ Ｗａｌｋ及宽翅曲背蚯 Ｐａｒａｒｃｙｐｔｅｒａ ｍｉｃｒｏｐｔｅｒａ ｍｅｒｉｄｉｏｎａｌｉｓ 精子的比较。发它们的精子的线粒体衍生体和中心粒 本的超微形态结构以及精子发生过程中七,八两期精 细胞线粒体衍生体周围微的排数十分相似。     

蝗虫前肠形态及其分类价值的研究（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

用体视显微摄影技术对网翅蝗科５属５种蝗虫前肠形态结构及其分类价值进行了研究。结果显示,各属之间主要差异在ＺⅡ,ＺⅣ脊列数不同,ＺⅡ脊上齿行数及ＺⅣ是否具骨化面及骨化面形状等。同时还可看出网翅蝗科有与斑腿蝗科和斑翅蝗科相似的结构,表明它们之间具有较近的亲缘关系。     

红褐斑腿蝗血细胞的形态与分类

利用光学显微镜和显微数码拍照系统,对红褐斑腿蝗Catantops pinguis(Stal)血细胞的形态进行观察和分类。结果在红褐斑腿蝗血淋巴中观察到5种血细胞,分别是原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞、珠血胞和囊血胞。原血胞为小型圆形细胞,边缘圆滑、清晰,核质比例很大。粒血胞多为中型,形状不规则,边缘凹突不平,内含较大的异质性溶酶体颗粒。浆血胞多为中型,刚离体时形状较规则,常呈圆形、卵圆形。浆血胞内缺乏大的颗粒,细胞核大而圆形,细胞质内具许多小型颗粒状物质。浆血胞离体后形状变化较多,常发展出伪足,呈丝状、短芒状、钩状或片状伪足。珠血胞多为大、中型,外形大体呈圆形,但边缘由于大小不等的珠形内含物突出,呈花瓣状。囊血胞多为中型,圆形或椭圆形,细胞质内具有大小不一的带有折光性的颗粒或块状物,细胞边缘比较光滑。     

阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫血细胞形态学研究

本研究采用Wright-Giemsa染色方法,利用光学显微镜观察阿尔泰蝠蛾Hepialus altaicola Wang幼虫血细胞.根据鳞翅目昆虫血细胞形态特征对阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫血细胞进行鉴定,计数并计算各类血细胞所占的比例.发现阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫血淋巴中存在原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞、类绛色细胞、珠血胞和囊血胞6种细胞类型,所...     

草履蚧血细胞的显微形态与超微结构观察

为研究蚧虫血淋巴中血细胞的种类及其结构特征,采用相差显微镜、荧光显微镜和扫描电镜与透射电镜技术,观察了草履蚧雌成虫血细胞的显微形态与超微结构特征.结果显示,在荧光显微镜和扫描电镜下观察识别出草履蚧血淋巴中的5种血细胞,即：原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞、囊血胞和类绛色血细胞.在透射电镜下可见,原血胞的细胞核明显,表现出高的细胞质密度;浆血胞最典型的特征是细胞质中有大量的囊泡;粒血胞的细胞质中有发达的粗面内质网和许多玫瑰形的细颗粒.类绛色血细胞最典型的特征是有许多结晶,并在细胞质的空泡区内分布的更多.囊血胞透明性强,具有围核空间,膨大成潴泡状.     

Cytophysiological features of hemocytes in cockroaches

Summary The wide range of functional activities of circulating and sessile insect hemocytes expresses itself in highly specialized cytological terms. Electron microscopic studies carried out in five species of normal and experimentally manipulated cockroaches, in conjunction with light microscopic information, reveal a broad spectrum of structural organization and an apparent capacity for cellular modulation. In addition to conventional organelles, these hemocytes contain a class of unusual cytoplasmic inclusion bodies which seem to undergo striking transformations in response to specific functional demands. A variety of transitional forms attests to the existence of close links between tubule containing (type 1), electron dense (type 2), and large globular (type 3) inclusion bodies, and reveals the derivation of yet another special (lamellated, fusiform) inclusion from type 2 bodies. Confluence of the type 3 configurations into still larger lacunae may precede the release of their contents into the hemolymph, a process whose major effect seems to be the initiation of the clotting process.Another important activity of hemocytes concerns the programmed reorganization of the stromal framework of the various organs. The dominant feature of blood cells engaged in the deposition of connective tissue are greatly distended cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and accumulations of banded fibrils at the interface of cytoplasm and extracellular space. The engulfment of discarded stromal material can be visualized in fortuitous sections representing steps in its incorporation by hemocytes. Ultrastructural correlates of the breakdown of these and other disintegrating or noxious elements by certain hemocytes are prominent digestive vacuoles with heterogeneous contents and reaction products of hydrolytic enzymes. The capacity for the uptake of small particles by micropinocytosis is demonstrated by the localization of horseradish peroxidase activity at the cellular surface and within cytoplasmic vesicles.The diversity of structural appearances reflects a division of labor, while the many transitional features of hemocyte morphology favor the concept of functional flexibility of one basic cell type rather than a strict classification into distinctly separate cellular types.Supported by research grants NB-05219, NB-00840, and 5 P01 NS-07512 from the U.S.P.H.S.I am greatly indebted to Dr. Joseph Osinchak, City University, New York, who has generously permitted me to include some of his micrographs in the present study. I also want to express my gratitude to Mrs. Sarah Wurzelmann and Mr. Stanley Brown for their excellent technical assistance.     

Morphology of the midgut trunk in the penaeid shrimp, Sicyonia ingentis, highlighting novel nuclear pore particles and fixed hemocytes

The morphology of the midgut trunk (MGT) in the penaeid shrimp Sicyonia ingentis was examined by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Although the function of the MGT is poorly understood, it is not involved with the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and it appears to be the surface of a shrimp least protected from penetration by potential pathogens. As described for other decapod crustaceans, the MGT in shrimp is composed of a simple columnar epithelium separated from a layer of connective tissue by a thick basal lamina. Beneath the basal lamina is a previously unreported layer of hemocytes, exclusively of the granulocyte variety, embedded in a matrix continuous with the basal lamina and extending into the connective tissue. This layer was observed in four other species of penaeid shrimp. Granulocytes in circulation can phagocytose and encapsulate foreign material and the granules contain antibacterial molecules, lysosomal enzymes, and prophenoloxidase. We suggest that the granulocytes associated with the basal lamina have matured at this site and are well positioned to fight potential pathogens that have penetrated the epithelial layer of the MGT. A second observation is the presence of clusters of cylinders bound to the nuclear pores of the epithelial cells. The possibility that these clusters are viruses, organelles, or abnormal organelles induced by disease or toxic materials is discussed. These unique particles were observed in S. ingentis but none of the other penaeid shrimp we examined.     

Chemotactic attraction between hemocytes of the oyster,Crassostrea virginica,and bacteria

Experiments were conducted to ascertain whether there is chemotactic attraction by Bacillus megaterium and Micrococcus varians, both Gram-positive species, and Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, both Gram-negative species, for hemocytes of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. It was ascertained quantitatively that oyster hemocytes are attracted to live E. coli, B. megaterium, and M. varians but not to heat-killed bacteria. Furthermore, oyster cells are not attracted to either live or heat-killed V. parahaemolyticus. It is concluded that the chemoattractant is some molecule emitted by living vegetative cells of certain Gram-positive as well as Gramnegative bacteria.     

A Sericesthis iridescent virus infection of the hemocytes of the waxmoth,Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera)

The cytopathology of the Seriscethis iridescent virus (SIV) infection of Galleria hemocytes was studied by phase-contrast microscopy, [³H]thymidine autoradiography, and fluorescent antibody and acridine orange staining. Of the five hemocyte classes only the oenocytoid was not infected. Infected plasmatocytes and adipohemocytes undergo nuclear and cytoplasmic hypertrophy accompanied by nuclear DNA synthesis. The timing and identity of nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA synthesis are discussed.     

家蚕拟浆细胞具有吞噬功能

目的：通过观察家蚕Bombyx mori吞噬细胞的微细结构,来确定拟绛色细胞是否也具有吞噬功能。方法：用荧光小球微量注射家蚕pnd pS品系的幼虫,经荧光染色剂丫啶橙和碘化丙啶染色循环血细胞后,在荧光显微镜下观察并扫描拍摄。结果：观察发现除颗粒细胞和浆血细胞外,一些原血球细胞（血干细胞）和拟绛色细胞（多酚氧化酶）也能吞噬荧光小球。在拟绛色细胞里还发现许多和颗粒细胞一样的能被丫啶橙染色的颗粒。尽管在小球细胞中没有发现被吞噬的荧光小球,但该类血球有比较多的能被丫啶橙染色的大颗粒,这表明它们可能是已经被吞噬的凋亡小体。结论：除颗粒细胞和浆血细胞外,一些原血球细胞和拟绛色细胞也能吞噬荧光小球。说明拟绛色细胞也具有吞噬功能。     

虾类血细胞的分类与功能研究进展

血细胞在动物的免疫防御体系中扮演了重要的角色,尤其是对缺少适应性免疫的无脊椎动物.在这些动物中,血细胞既参与细胞免疫的吞噬、包囊、结节等作用,还参与体液免疫中许多免疫因子的生成与储存.对不同动物类群的血细胞的不同亚群进行区分,是深入了解其免疫机制与血细胞功能的基础.尽管国内外学者利用不同的方法,针对虾类血细胞的不同亚群...     

白蜡绵粉蚧血细胞的显微形态与超微结构观察

为研究蚧虫血淋巴中血细胞的种类及其结构特征,本文采用荧光显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了白蜡绵粉蚧Phenacoccus fraxinus Tang(半翅目:蚧总科:粉蚧科)雌成虫血细胞的显微形态超微结构.结果显示,在荧光显微镜和扫描电镜下观察识别出白蜡绵粉蚧血淋巴中的5种血细胞,即原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞、类绛色血胞和囊血胞.在透射电镜下,原血胞的细胞核明显,表现出高的细胞质密度;浆血胞最典型的特征是细胞质中有大量的囊泡;粒血胞的细胞质中有发达的粗面内质网和许多玫瑰形的细颗粒;类绛色血胞最典型的特征是有许多结晶,并在细胞质空泡区内分布更多;囊血胞透明性强,具有围核空间,膨大成潴泡状.