基因敲除提高大肠杆菌工程菌生产异丁醇产量的研究

探究pflB、frdAB、fnr和AdhE四基因缺失突变株对大肠杆菌工程菌发酵生产异丁醇的影响。运用Red重组系统敲除大肠杆菌BW25113的pflB、frdAB、fnr和AdhE基因,构建pflB、frdAB、fnr和AdhE四基因缺失突变株E.coliBW25113H,结合本实验室已经构建的表达质粒pSTV29-alsS-ilvC-ilvD-kdcA,并检测该工程菌在1L发酵罐的发酵过程中的生物量、突变菌株的稳定性、异丁醇产量及有机酸含量的变化情况。成功获得pflB、frdAB、fnr和AdhE四基因缺失突变株BW25113H。发酵结果表明,该工程菌能以较长时间,较高比生长速率保持对数生长期,其稳定性较好,异丁醇产量增加了40%。成功构建pflB、frdAB、fnr和AdhE四基因缺失突变株BW25113H,结合非自身发酵途径使异丁醇的产量由3 g/L提升至4.2 g/L。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌Ⅲ型分泌系统ATP水解酶escN基因突变株的构建

目的:利用λ噬菌体的Red重组系统敲除肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的Ⅲ型分泌系统ATP水解酶Esc N,构建大肠杆菌esc N基因缺失突变株。方法:以O157∶H7为模板,PCR扩增目的基因两侧的同源臂序列,分别酶切连接于p UC19-kan质粒上,PCR获得中间嵌合卡那霉素抗性基因(带有FRT位点)的同源线性片段,利用质粒p KD46和p CP20介导的重组技术敲除esc N基因,并去除抗性标记;PCR及测序验证目的基因缺失后,测定缺失株及野生菌株的生长曲线。结果:敲除了肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的esc N基因,突变株与野生株的生长曲线相近。结论:构建了Ⅲ型分泌系统缺陷菌株,为进一步研究Ⅲ型分泌系统因子在肠出血性大肠杆菌致病过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7 z1445基因缺失株的构建

目的:利用Red重组系统敲除肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)O157∶H7的z1445基因,构建大肠杆菌z1445基因缺失突变株。方法:以O157∶H7为模板,PCR扩增目的基因两侧的同源臂序列,分别经酶切后连接到p UC19-kan质粒的卡那霉素抗性基因kan两侧,PCR获得中间嵌合kan基因(带有FRT位点)的同源线性片段,利用质粒p KD46敲除z1445基因,利用质粒p CP20去除抗性标记基因;PCR鉴定及测序验证目的基因缺失后,测定缺失株及野生株的生长曲线。结果:敲除了z1445基因,突变株与野生株的生长曲线接近。结论:构建了z1445基因缺陷型菌株,为进一步分析z1445基因在O157∶H7与宿主的相互作用中发挥的作用提供了材料。     

猪链球菌cAMP结合蛋白基因敲除株的构建及生物学特性

目的:构建猪链球菌2型强毒株05ZYH33 c AMP结合蛋白(CRP)编码基因敲除突变株及基因回复互补株,并探究CRP基因的缺失对细菌生物学特性及毒力的影响。方法:构建中间为壮观霉素抗性基因(Spcr)、两侧为CRP编码基因上下游同源序列的基因敲除质粒,通过同源重组筛选CRP编码基因敲除突变株ΔCRP;构建CRP编码基因的互补质粒,通过电转化敲除株ΔCRP,筛选CRP的基因回复互补株CΔCRP;比较分析突变株、野生株和回复互补株的基本生物学特征的差异,并以小鼠作为动物感染模型对突变株、互补株及野生株的毒力进行评估分析。结果:应用组合PCR和基因测序分析,证实构建了CRP的突变株ΔCRP,并筛选出CRP的回复互补株CΔCRP;逆转录PCR证实在突变株ΔCRP中CRP在转录水平缺失,而在回复互补株CΔCRP中其转录回复;在丰富营养情况下,突变株ΔCRP与野生株的溶血活性、生长速率及对小鼠的致病力均无显著性差异,但突变株的成链能力减弱。结论:CRP编码基因的缺失并未显著改变野毒株05ZYH33的基本生物学特性和毒力,提示CRP可能不是猪链球菌的关键毒力决定因子,其参与碳源代谢等功能有待进一步研究。     

伤寒沙门菌bcfD基因敲除突变株的构建

目的:构建伤寒沙门菌Ty2菌株菌毛亚单位bcfD基因敲除突变株.方法:利用交错PCR得到bcfD基因缺失且含其两侧翼序列的片段,将该片段与pMD 18-T连接,亚克隆到pYG4,电转入大肠埃希菌S17-1/λpir菌株,阳性菌株与受体菌伤寒沙门氏菌Ty2进行固相杂交后筛选.结果:成功获得敲除bcfD基因序列954bp的敲除突变株.结论:交错PCR有利于细菌基因精确敲除突变株的构建,bcfD基因敲除株的构建将为进一步研究该基因在伤寒沙门菌中的功能奠定了基础.     

大肠杆菌pqqL基因敲除与功能分析

【目的】通过构建大肠杆菌pqqL基因缺陷突变株,研究大肠杆菌pqqL基因的功能。【方法】首先通过PCR扩增得到pqqL基因和kan抗性基因,在体外构建线性打靶片段pqqL-kan-pqqL。然后通过Red同源重组敲除大肠杆菌的pqqL基因,构建大肠杆菌缺失突变体DH5αΔpqqL。在此基础上通过DCIP法检测山梨糖脱氢酶活性来比较大肠杆菌突变株与亲本株中PQQ合成的情况。【结果】成功敲除了大肠杆菌的pqqL基因,DCIP法检测结果显示大肠杆菌pBCP162/DH5αΔpqqL和pMD19T Simple-pqqABCDE/DH5α能够合成PQQ,而大肠杆菌pMD19T Simple-pqqABCDE/DH5αΔpqqL不能合成PQQ。【结论】大肠杆菌pqqL基因和pqqF基因具有同样的功能。     

2型猪链球菌MocR家族转录调控因子SSU0562基因敲除突变体的构建及毒力分析

目的:构建2型猪链球菌强毒株05ZYH33中MocR家族转录调控因子SSU0562基因敲除的突变株,探索SSU0562基因缺失对细菌基本生物学特性和毒力的影响。方法:构建左右两侧为SSU0562基因上下游的同源序列,中间部分为壮观霉素抗性基因(Spcr)的基因敲除质粒,通过同源重组的方法筛选SSU0562基因敲除突变株Δ0562。对突变株与野生株的基本生物学特性进行系统的比较分析,并且将小鼠作为动物感染的模型来研究突变株的毒力。结果:组合PCR的分析及基因测序结果均表明Spcr完全取代了S.suis2中SSU0562基因位点,表明基因敲除突变体Δ0562构建成功,反转录PCR(RT-PCR)证实了突变株Δ0562中SSU0562基因在转录水平的缺失;在溶血活性、生长速率及对小鼠的致病力方面,突变株Δ0562与野生株05ZYH33相比均无显著差别,然而革兰染色实验显示突变株Δ0562的成链能力明显减弱。结论:猪链球菌强毒株05ZYH33的毒力并未因SSU0562基因的缺失而发生显著性改变,表明SSU0562基因并非猪链球菌的毒力决定因子,但很有可能参与猪链球菌成链能力的调控。     

rimJ基因缺失不影响大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)生长的温度敏感性

目的:研究rimJ基因对大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株生长的温度敏感性的影响。方法:利用SceⅠ-Red同源重组技术将大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)基因组中的rimJ基因缺失,得到rimJ缺失突变菌;比较缺失突变株和原始菌株在不同温度(25℃、37℃、42℃)下的最大比生长速率,利用统计学方法分析rimJ基因的缺失对BL21(DE3)菌株生长的温度敏感性是否有影响。结果:rimJ基因被成功敲除;统计分析结果表明缺失突变株和原始菌株的最大比生长速率没有明显区别。结论:rimJ基因缺失对大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)生长的温度敏感性无影响。     

炭疽芽胞杆菌mntA基因缺失突变株的构建及鉴定

目的:通过同源重组的方法敲除炭疽芽胞杆菌减毒AP422株的mntA基因,使菌株进一步减毒,用于构建新的疫苗候选株。方法:利用PCR方法扩增mntA基因上下游同源臂后与温敏质粒连接,构建打靶载体,并转化炭疽芽胞杆菌减毒AP422株;利用抗生素和温度2种选择压力实现同源重组,敲除目标基因mntA,然后利用Cre-LoxP系统去除抗性筛选标记,得到无抗性标记的缺失突变株,并利用PCR和Western印迹等方法对重组菌进行系统鉴定,最后分析突变株的生物学性状。结果:敲除了AP422株的mntA基因,获得了无抗性标记的缺失突变株,突变株的生存竞争能力比原始菌株明显减弱。结论:突变株获得了进一步减毒,可用于构建新的疫苗候选株。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体CP-933Y缺失突变株的构建

目的:利用Red重组系统敲除肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体片段CP-933Y,进而构建CP-933Y缺失突变株。方法:以肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7菌株为模板,加入酶切位点PCR扩增前噬菌体CP-933Y上、下游各600 bp的同源臂序列;酶切后分别连接到p UC19-kan质粒的卡那霉素(包含FRT位点)抗性基因两侧,构建中间是卡那霉素抗性基因标记含有目的基因上、下游同源序列的线性片段;导入含有p KD46质粒的O157∶H7菌株中,利用Red编码的同源重组酶使该片段与目的基因上、下游发生同源重组,卡那霉素抗性基因置换菌株中CP-933Y前噬菌体片段,最后导入p CP20质粒去除卡那霉素抗性标记基因。结果:经PCR及测序验证,O157∶H7菌株中前噬菌体片段CP-933Y被敲除,敲除株与野生株具有相似的生长曲线。结论:构建了大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体CP-933Y缺失株,为进一步研究前噬菌体CP-933Y的功能奠定了基础。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism