银杏叶提取物对过氧化氢诱导的星形胶质细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的 研究银杏叶提取物（EGb761）对H2O2所致星形胶质细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法 用不同浓度的EGb761预处理细胞,再加入H2O2,通过噻唑蓝（MTT）实验、线粒体跨膜电位（△ψm）及细胞色素C释放实验、DNA损伤实验及半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）活性测定,观察EGb761对细胞存活率、线粒体膜通透性、DNA氧化损伤及Caspase-3活性的影响。结果 EGb761能明显降低Hz02对星形胶质细胞的氧化损伤,提高细胞的存活率;维持线粒体膜的完整性,抑制跨膜电位的耗散和细胞色素C的释放;抑制Caspase-3的活化和DNA的降解。结论 EGb761具有清除活性氧,减轻H2O2所致星形胶质细胞的氧化损伤,对星形胶质细胞有保护作用。     

银杏叶提取物761对矽肺大鼠的防护作用

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物761(Ginkgo biloba Extract 761,EGb761)对矽肺大鼠的肺保护作用.方法 采用二氧化硅悬液气管内灌注法建立矽肺大鼠模型.二氧化硅灌注1 d后,每日灌服EGb761,持续4周.处死大鼠,收集肺组织.HE和Van Gieson(VG)染色法观察肺组织病理形态学情况,采用E...     

银杏叶提取物联合恩替卡韦对慢性乙肝致肝纤维化的干预研究

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物(EGb761)联合恩替卡韦对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化指标的影响.方法:将45例慢性乙型肝炎患者分为治疗组22例及对照组23例,治疗组应用EGb761及恩替卡韦治疗,对照组仅予恩替卡韦治疗,连续治疗2个月.治疗前后分别检测肝功能、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型前胶原(PClⅣ)、透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)水平.结果:治疗后治疗组肝纤雏化指标较对照组明显改善(P均＜0.001).结论:银杏叶提取物EGb761恩替卡韦联合应用对慢性乙肝有明显的抗肝纤维化作用.     

微机化动态光度法细胞力学分析仪研究药物对红细胞膜的作用

介绍了一种新型的微机化动态流光度法细胞力学参数分析仪,它能自动测量静态红细胞参数(RF)、膜硬度、(S)半松弛时间、(t50%)和细胞粘度(VP)等微力学参数,来描述细胞力学特性.对仪器的灵敏度、精确度和重复性,对Triton、水杨酸钠.ROK、TRE、DUS、EGb761等药物对于红细胞力学性质的作用分别进行了研究,证明了本仪器对药理作用研究具有重要价值,并认为该仪器在今后临床检验中有广泛的应用价值.     

绿豆芽提取物对SDS致红细胞膜和DNA损伤的保护的研究

为探讨绿豆芽提取物(MBSE)对十二烷基硫酸钠SDS致红细胞膜和DNA损伤的保护研究,分别采用红细胞(RBC)溶血试验和彗星试验检测细胞膜和DNA的损伤程度。实验分为三组:阳性对照组;MBSE自溶对照组;MBSE+SDS组。通过测定血红细胞溶血率和致损细胞拖尾率及尾长分别表征细胞膜及DNA的损伤程度。结果显示与阳性对照相比,各剂量MBSE具有抑制SDS致细胞膜损伤的功能,对RBC细胞膜具有较好的保护作用,且呈量效关系;MBSE+SDS各剂量组DNA损伤明显减弱,拖尾率下降,尾长减小。提示MBSE对SDS致红细胞膜和DNA损伤具有保护作用。     

EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白表达的调节

目的:探讨EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白表达的调节,为EGb761的临床运用提供可行的依据。方法:LPS(1μg/m L)诱导不同时间后,western blotting检测THP-1细胞上清液中HMGB1蛋白含量变化及不同浓度EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白的表达和NF-κB的活性;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量。共聚焦显微镜观察EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白核转位变化。结果:(1)LPS组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量在刺激6-12 h后明显高于空白对照组,而EGb761+LPS组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量均显著低于LPS组(P0.05)。(2)EGb761处理LPS诱导THP-1细胞6 h后细胞上清液NF-κB活性表达量较空白对照组低,随着处理时间延长至12 h,NF-κB的活性表达量呈明显下降趋势(P0.05)。(3)LPS诱导THP-1细胞18 h后,细胞上清液中HMGB1蛋白含量呈明显升高趋势(P0.05)。(4)不同浓度EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞18 h后,HMGB1蛋白含量较空白对照组有下降趋势,HMGB1蛋白含量随着EGB761浓度增加至100μg/m L呈下降趋势并呈浓度依赖效应(P0.05)。(5)LPS诱导THP-1细胞后,在共聚焦显微镜下可见胞浆中大量HMGB1蛋白标记分布,而EGb761+LPS共同诱导THP-1细胞后胞浆中可见少量HMGB1蛋白分布。结论:LPS可诱导THP-1细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达增多及NF-κB活化,导致HMGB1蛋白表达增多及核转位,而EGB761能抑制THP-1细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达及NF-κB活化,调节HMGB1蛋白的表达及核转位。     

H2O2对红细胞抗原性与LPO影响的FCM研究

用流式细胞计(flow cytometry,FCM)测定H2O2损伤后的红细胞(RBC)与IgG的结合能力,并直接检测细胞自发荧光的变化,以研究H2O2对RBC抗原性和脂质过氧化(LPO)荧光产物生成的影响.结果表明RBC抗原性和自发荧光变化与H2O2浓度和作用时间有关,抗原性变化对H2O2更敏感,比引起自发荧光明显增强所需H2O2浓度低两个数量级;还发现了RBC抗原性和自发荧光的变化与细胞的散射光有相关性.     

银杏叶提取物对内毒素诱导巨噬细胞核因子-κB活化及炎性细胞因子表达的调节

探讨银杏叶提取物（EGb761）对内毒素（LPS）诱导RAW264．7细胞核因子-κB（NF-κB）活化及炎性细胞因子基因表达的调节,为银杏叶提取物的临床运用提供理论依据．分别用LPS或EGb761＋LPS处理体外培养的小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264．7细胞,采用蛋白质印迹分析检测细胞中NF-κB活性,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA和蛋白的表达．研究结果表明LPS组NF-κB活性和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量在刺激后2～12h明显高于正常对照组,而EGb761＋LPS组NF-κB活性和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量均显著低于LPS组．结果提示LPS可诱导RAW264．7细胞NF-κB活化,导致TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达增强,而EGb761能抑制NF-κB活化而调节TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因的表达．     

银杏叶丙酮提取物对动物脂肪酸合酶的抑制

银杏叶丙酮提取物(AEGL)对动物脂肪酸合酶(FAS)有强抑制作用。选定的萃取条件是室温下用60%丙酮搅拌萃取30~60min。该萃取液IC50值为4.66μg/mL,抑制能力明显强于已知的FAS抑制剂,有效物的初步分离显示,对FAS有抑制作用的成分可能存在于黄酮组分中。酶学动力学研究表明,抑制包含可逆抑制和不可逆抑制两部分。推测酮酰还原功能域(KR)的NADPH结合部位是其作用部位之一。标准银杏叶提取物EGb761对FAS的可逆抑制和不可逆抑制都明显比银杏叶的60%丙酮萃取液弱,后者对NADPH呈现比较明显的竞争性,不同于EGb761,这表明银杏叶还具有新的应用开发领域。     

银杏叶提取物对小鼠离体小肠平滑肌收缩特性的影响

目的观察不同浓度的银杏叶提取物(Extract of Ginkgo biloba, EGb)对小鼠离体小肠平滑肌活动的影响,探讨EGb对小肠平滑肌的作用机制.方法制备离体肠段标本,灌流给药后记录不同浓度EGb作用下小肠收缩变化.结果低浓度和中浓度的EGb对离体小肠平滑肌有兴奋作用,随浓度增加,低浓度EGb的兴奋程度呈降低趋势,中浓度EGb的兴奋程度呈升高趋势;高浓度EGb引发抑制效应,随浓度增加,抑制程度降低.结论不同浓度范围的EGb对离体小肠平滑肌有不同作用,可能通过对平滑肌的直接作用或调节激素释放,影响离子通道等途径发挥作用.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.