小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的生态和水分调节特性比较研究

对锦鸡儿属羽状叶类群的代表植物——小叶锦鸡儿和假掌状叶类群的代表植物——狭叶锦鸡儿的地理分布、生长发育、形态结构、渗透调节和水分代谢进行了比较研究。小叶锦鸡儿在内蒙古高原分布于东起呼伦贝尔 (1 2 4 .0 0°E)西至达茂旗(1 1 0 .4 3°E)的半湿润至半干旱地区 ,生长发育最适地区是锡林浩特 ;狭叶锦鸡儿在内蒙古高原分布于东起锡林浩特 (1 1 6 .0 7°E)西至阿拉善 (98°E)的半干旱至极干旱地区 ,生长发育最适地区是阿拉善。这种分布格局和生长发育适应性说明 ,狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿更适宜干旱环境。小叶锦鸡儿叶片平展、被绿色柔毛 ,有时上面近无毛 ,狭叶锦鸡儿叶片呈瓦状、被粉白色柔毛 ;狭叶锦鸡儿叶片厚度 /面积比值和长 /宽比值大于小叶锦鸡儿 ,叶片生物量小于小叶锦鸡儿。这些特性使狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿保水能力强。由于狭叶锦鸡儿的渗透调节物质浓度大于小叶锦鸡儿 ,导致细胞渗透势低于小叶锦鸡儿 ;狭叶锦鸡儿叶含水量低于小叶锦鸡儿 ,束缚水 /自由水比值大于小叶锦鸡儿 ;狭叶锦鸡儿叶水势低于小叶锦鸡儿。这些特性表明狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿渗透调节能力强。狭叶锦鸡儿的蒸腾速率和日蒸腾积累值均小于小叶锦鸡儿 ,水分利用效率高于小叶锦鸡儿。由于叶形态变异、良好的渗透调节功     

第二届欧洲生态学学术讨论会和第十届德国生态学年会

第二届欧洲生态学学术讨论会和第十届德国生态学年会于1980年9月8日至12日在西柏林召开。出席会议的共425人,除来自欧洲国家(包括一些东欧国家)外,还有来自美国、加拿大、日本等国的生态学工作者。现将两个会议的情况作一简单介绍。     

小叶章种群分布格局的分形特征Ⅰ计盒维数

应用分形理论(Fractal theory)中的计盒维数(Box-counting dimension)对三江平原小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)种群分布格局特征进行了研究。结果表明:三江平原小叶章种群分布格局具有分形特征。其计盒维数5~9月分别为1.524、1.769、1.711、1.615、1.701,表明其占据空间能力较强。季节动态自5月始至6月达到极大值,而后逐渐下降,至9月略有回升。这与小叶章的生长发育规律相一致。     

科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿地上-地下生物量分配格局

以科尔沁沙地18年生(成龄)和4年生(幼龄)人工小叶锦鸡儿以及天然小叶锦鸡儿灌丛为研究对象,采用分层挖取根系法调查不同植被区小叶锦鸡儿的根系分布特点,研究其在生物量分配、根冠比、根系分布等方面对干旱环境的响应.结果表明:1)小叶锦鸡儿倾向于把更多的生物量分配于地下,其中天然植被地下生物量比重最大,4年生植被地下生物量比重最小.2)小叶锦鸡儿灌丛根系生物量随着土层深度的增加而逐渐减少,其根系主要分布在0 ～ 100 cm土层中.3)4年生小叶锦鸡儿吸收根呈现浅层分布特性,在地下O～50 cm吸收根生物量显著高于18年生和天然植被(P＜0.05);18年生和天然植被吸收根更多分布于50 ～ 100 cm土层中.天然小叶锦鸡儿输导根生物量在50 ～ 100 cm土层中显著高于4年生和18年生植被(P＜0.05).4)小叶锦鸡儿灌丛地上-地下生物量符合异速生长模型的幂函数.     

小叶蝉族六新种（同翅目：叶蝉科）

本文报道叶蝉科(Cicadellidae)小叶蝉亚科(Typhlocybinae)小叶蝉族(Typhlocybini)沃小叶蝉属(Warodia Dworakowska,1970)、巴小叶蝉属(Baaora Dworakowska,1981)、坦小叶蝉属(Thampoa Mahmood,1967)、蒿小叶蝉属(Eupteryx Curtis,1833)与雅小叶蝉属(Eurhadina Haupt,1929)6新种。模式标本存藏于安徽农学院昆虫标本室。     

陕西铜川中三叠世一个同翅目新科——瘤翅小叶蝉科

本文记述铜川市北郊金锁关中三叠统铜川组一个化石绝灭的瘤翅小叶蝉科。这个新科具有中脉多支的原始性状,也呈现简化的径脉、肘脉和翅面披瘤装饰的特化特征,形成镶嵌进化类型。它与第三纪的和近代的小叶蝉类差别甚大,但与二叠纪的革翅小叶蝉科颇为接近,两者可能是近缘分支的关系。因此,新科对于探索近代的小叶蝉演化来源和对比古老的小叶蝉的面貌颇有意义,在地层划分和对比将有一定的价值。 陕西铜川市金锁关是陕甘宁盆地东南部分,为一套陆相二叠系、三叠系至侏罗系的沉积地层。本文的昆虫化石产于中三叠统铜川组下段中灰绿色泥岩。除了植物碎片外,昆虫化石保存了成对的翅膀,并与胸部肌体连接,有的平铺于层面。这些化石并无遭到急烈搬运或被水流冲刷、滚动而卷曲或破碎,反映了昆虫死亡之后并非远处搬运而来,而是在原来盆地生存和埋藏的结果。 瘤翅小叶蝉科Granulidae.fam.nov.是一个绝灭的化石科,具有强烈的地方色彩,它具有原始性状,又呈现某些特化特征,形成一种镶嵌进化类型,这种类型既不同于本目其他的化石的科属,又不能归入近代的种类。从区系性质来看,也不同于苏联中亚地区的小叶蝉,又有别于澳大利亚和欧洲的小叶蝉。因此,新科在分类上,地层划分和对比都有一定的参考价值。     

着生位置对水曲柳小叶性状变异及性状间相关性的影响

复叶植物相比单叶植物更具生长优势,但复叶内部小叶性状及其相关关系是否受到着生位置影响尚未可知。该研究以东北典型复叶植物水曲柳(Fraxinusmandshurica)为研究对象,测定复叶内部不同着生位置小叶的叶厚(LT)、叶面积(LA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶氮含量(LNC)和叶磷含量(LPC),分析上述6种小叶性状及其生长关系在复叶内部的变异,并分别通过最小显著性差异(LSD)法以及标准化主轴(SMA)法检验着生位置对小叶性状及性状间生长关系是否存在显著影响。结果表明:(1) LT、LA、LDMC和LNC随小叶着生位置级别增加(从复叶顶端至复叶基部)呈减小趋势,但SLA和LPC呈增大趋势。(2)复叶内部, LNC与SLA间以及LT与LDMC间表现为同速生长关系, LT、SLA、LPC 3个性状与LA间, SLA、LNC、LPC 3个性状与LDMC间以及LPC与LT间均表现为异速生长关系。(3)小叶着生位置对LA与LT、SLA、LPC之间的相关关系存在显著影响, LT、SLA与LA的斜率在三级小叶(复叶中部)附近达到最大值, LT、LPC与LA的斜率绝对值在六...     

猫眼尺蠖在三种女贞属植物上的实验种群两性生命表

【目的】猫眼尺蠖Problepsis superans是一种鳞翅目尺蛾科食叶害虫, 有报道称它只危害园林植物小叶女贞Ligustrum quihoui Carr., 关于其他寄主及其寄主对其生命特征的影响很少研究。开展本研究有助于了解小叶女贞及其可能寄主金叶女贞Ligustrum×vicaryi Hort.和女贞Ligustrum lucidum Ait.对猫眼尺蠖生长发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】在室内25±1℃, 相对湿度为75%±5%, 光周期为16L∶8D条件下, 组建了猫眼尺蠖在这3种植物上的实验种群年龄-龄期两性生命表。【结果】金叶女贞、小叶女贞和女贞对猫眼尺蠖幼虫历期、产卵量有明显影响, 对卵期、蛹期、产卵前期（指雌虫羽化至开始产卵）、雄虫存活时间等无显著影响。猫眼尺蠖取食金叶女贞幼虫历期（21.33 d）显著短于取食小叶女贞（23.46 d）和女贞(27.28 d), 产卵量（529.1粒/雌）显著高于在小叶女贞（442.5粒/雌）和女贞（339.7粒/雌）上。猫眼尺蠖在金叶女贞和小叶女贞上的内禀增长率(r)、周限增长率(λ)、净增殖率(R₀)无显著差异, 但两者都显著大于在女贞上。猫眼尺蠖在3种植物上的平均世代周期(T)差异显著, 它们从小到大为: 金叶女贞、小叶女贞、女贞, 在3种植物上总繁殖率(GRR)没有显著差异。【结论】金叶女贞和小叶女贞相比女贞提供了猫眼尺蠖较好质量的食物, 金叶女贞和女贞具备作为猫眼尺蠖的寄主或临时寄主的可能。     

小叶章种群分布格局的分形特征Ⅱ信息维数与关联维数

应用分形理论中的信息维数(Information dimension)和关联维数(Carrelation dimension)研究了三江平原小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)种群分布格局特征。结果表明:信息维数在5~9月分别为1.494、1.709、1.642、1.553、1.625,表明其结构较复杂,格局强度较高。关联维数则为1.662、1.861、1.766、1.750、1.807,说明小叶章个体空间相关程度较高。种内竞争强烈,对空间有较强的占据能力。两个维数的季节动态均自5月至6月达到极大值,而后逐渐下降,至9月略有回升。     

铃子香属——华中植物区系一新记录属

首次报道了小叶铃子香分布于华中地区(湖北省),小叶铃子香植物以往仅在中国西部(陕西和甘肃省)有分布,这也是铃子香属在华中地区的首次分布记录。此发现为进一步阐明该属的生物地理起源和进化提供了新的证据。     

A subspecies of Paeonia mascula (Paeoniaceae) from W. Asia and SE. Europe

The plant from eastern Aegean islands, S. Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria and N. Iraq is recognized as a subspecies of Paeonia mascula based on a large quantity of herbarium specimens from the major herbaria in Europe. The subspecies, Paeonia mascula subsp. orientalis (Thiebaut) D. Y. Hong, is characterized by nearly always having some leaflets segmented and the total number of leaflets and segments ranging from (9) 12 to 18 (23); leaflets and segments broadly elliptical to ovate-rounded and usually glabrous or sparsely villous on the lower surface.     

Paeonia daurica Andrews or P. mascula ssp. triternata (Pall. ex DC.) Stearn & P. H. Davis (Paeoniaceae)?

The peony in the Crimea of Ukraine and its allied populations have been variously taxonomically treated, as Paeonia daurica Andrews or P. mascula ssp. triternata (Pall. ex DC.) Stearn & P. H. Davis. Supported by the National Geographical Society, we have conducted extensive field observations and population sampling of this group in Turkey. In addition, relevant herbarium specimens from the herbaria B, BEO, BM, BUCA, E, G, GZU, K, P, SA, SOM, UPA, and WU were critically examined. Principal coordinate analysis was performed using MVSP-Version 3.13b analysis software. As a result, P. daurica was shown to be clearly differentiated from P. mascula in the number of leaflets/segments of the lower leaves and the shape of the terminal leaflets. P. daurica is diploid, except for three local tetraploids in the Caucasus, whereas P. mascula is consistently tetraploid. The two units were not found growing together, even in southern Turkey, where they are sympatric. P. daurica is considered to be a good species, which ranges from Croatia to Iran through Turkey and the Caucasus, and comprises six subspecies.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 154 , 1–11.     

紫斑牡丹及其一新亚种

本文回顾了有关紫斑牡丹的调查和分类历史。它曾被混同于 P．suffruticosa,P．papaveracea 及P．suffruticosa var．papaveracea。它以叶2至3回羽状复叶,小叶17～33,花瓣白色,基部有大紫斑, 花丝黄色,花盘和柱头淡黄色区别于近缘种。种下分化为两个异域的亚种;秦岭北坡的紫斑牡丹小叶全 部或大部分分裂,是一个新亚种,P．rockii subsp．taibaishanica,而P.rockii subsp．linyanshanii T.Hong et G．L.ostii则是P．rockii subsp．rockii的多余名。     

Paeonia rockii and Its One New Subspecies from Mt. Taibai,Shaanxi of China

The history of exploration and classification of Paeonia rockii is reviewed in the present paper. Two allopatric subspecies in this species are recognized. The new subspecies, subsp, taibaishanica Hong, found on northern slope of the Qingling Range has leaflets ovate or rounded, totally or mostly lobed. P. rockii subsp, linyanshanii T. Hong et G. L. Ostiis found to be a superfluous name of P. rockii subsp, rockii.     

中国野生牡丹研究 二：芍药属牡丹组新分类群

本文发表一个新亚种和一个新等级。新亚种林氏牡丹和紫斑牡丹同属一个种系,花瓣基部均具紫斑,花丝,花盘及柱头均为白色;但林氏牡丹的小叶多为披针形或窄卵形,全缘,而紫斑牡丹的小叶多为卵形或卵圆形,常１－３深裂。     

Karyotypes of four wild Paeonia species from Greece

The karyotypes of eight wild Greek Paeonia taxa were studied, viz. P. clusii ssp. clusii (2n = 10, 20), P. clusii ssp. rhodia (2n = 10), P. mascula ssp. mascula (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. hellenica (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. icarica (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. russi (2n = 10), P. peregrina (2n = 20) and P. parnassica (2n = 20). P. mascula and P. clusii have a very similar haploid chromosome complement, x = 5, including three metacentric chromosomes, one submetacentric and one subtelocentric. In the chromosome complements of the tetraploid P. peregrina and P. parnassica the same chromosome types are included but their karyotype differ from those of the former two species by a number of characters. The main karyotype differences are concerned with the size differentiation of the chromosomes which in the case of P. peregrina has resulted in the diploidization of the tetraploid karyotype.
From the individuals examined, six were found to have abnormal karyotypes suggesting chromosomal exchanges. These structural aberrations in which mainly submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes are involved have also been described and discussed.     

牡丹一新种——中原牡丹,及银屏牡丹的订正

分子证据和新增加的形态证据显示,银屏牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa ssp．yinpingmudan作为新亚种发表时所依据的两份标本实为两个实体,产自安徽巢湖的（潘开玉和谢中稳9701,模式）实为凤丹户P.ostii的成员,而产自河南嵩县的（洪德元等H97010）实为一个新分类群。本文把P.suffruticosa ssp．yinpingmudan处理为P．ostii的异名,并依据河南的标本描述了一个新种——中原牡丹P.cathayana D．Y Hong＆K．Y.Pan。中原牡丹与风丹和矮牡丹P.jishanensis近缘,区别在于前者下部叶有ll-15片小叶,花白色：后者小叶背面有毛,裂片多,萼片顶端圆钝,花白色。     

Paeonia rotundiloba (D.Y.Hong) D.Y.Hong: A new status in tree peonies (Paeoniaceae)

Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.subsp,rotundiloba D.Y.Hong is here raised to the specific rank,P.rotundiloba (D.Y.Hong) D.Y.Hong,based on its distinctiveness of four diagnostic characters:number of carpels;height of disk; number of leaflets of the lower leaves,and shape of the terminal leaflets; and unpublished molecular data.Paeonia rotundiloba differs distinctly from P.decomposita in having carpels mostly 3,less often 2 or 4,very rarely 5 (vs.almost always 5,very occasionally 4 or 3),disk 8-15 mm high (vs.4-9.6 mm),leaflets mostly 19-39(vs.29-63) in number,and ratio of length to width of the terminal leaflets 1.09-1.93 (vs.1.81-2.99).     

Paeonia (Paeoniaceae) in the Caucasus

The taxonomy of the genus Paeonia in the Caucasus has been controversial, with recognized species varying in number from one to 13. The taxonomic history of Paeonia in this area is reviewed (including an analysis of the characters used by previous authors) based on extensive field observations, population sampling and critical examination of a large number of herbarium specimens. The results show that Paeonia may be divided into three groups. The P. intermedia group is known from only a single population. In the P. tenuifolia group, all the characters used for distinguishing the three previously recognized species were found to be polymorphic. In the P. daurica group, petal colour, shape and size of leaflets, and indumentum of leaflets and carpels were used to distinguish nine species, but these characters were found to be polymorphic or continuous in variation, and thus can only be used for infraspecific classification. Thus, three species are recognized: P. intermedia , P. tenuifolia and P. daurica . The last species is further divided into five subspecies: sspp. coriifolia , wittmanniana , mlokosewitschii , macrophylla and tomentosa stat. nov .  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 143 , 135–150.     

Paeonia rotundiloba (D. Y. Hong) D. Y. Hong: A new status in tree peonies (Paeoniaceae)

Abstract Paeonia decomposita Hand.‐Mazz. subsp. rotundiloba D. Y. Hong is here raised to the specific rank, P. rotundiloba (D. Y. Hong) D. Y. Hong, based on its distinctiveness of four diagnostic characters: number of carpels; height of disk; number of leaflets of the lower leaves, and shape of the terminal leaflets; and unpublished molecular data. Paeonia rotundiloba differs distinctly from P. decomposita in having carpels mostly 3, less often 2 or 4, very rarely 5 (vs. almost always 5, very occasionally 4 or 3), disk 8–15 mm high (vs. 4–9.6 mm), leaflets mostly 19–39 (vs. 29–63) in number, and ratio of length to width of the terminal leaflets 1.09–1.93 (vs. 1.81–2.99).