海南新村湾海草床主要鱼类及大型无脊椎动物的食源

利用稳定碳同位素技术,分析了海南岛新村湾海草床中主要鱼类及大型无脊椎动物的食物来源。结果显示,有机碳源δ¹³C值的变化范围为-16.9‰--6.8‰,以海草叶片及其碎屑最高(-7.8‰ ±0.2‰),悬浮颗粒有机质(POM)最低(-16.9±0.2)‰,而附生藻类(-12.0±0.9)‰和沉积物有机质(SOM)(-13.2±0.2)‰居中。消费者δ¹³C值的变化范围为-15.4‰--6.4‰,表明其食物来源较广。IsoSource 混合模型计算结果表明,本海草床棘皮动物、多毛类、甲壳类和大部分的鱼类以海草为主要有机碳源,双壳类主要同化附生藻类和SOM的混合有机碳源,少数鱼类以POM为主要碳源。以上结果表明,海草是海草床中主要鱼类及大型无脊椎动物的重要食物来源。     

长江上游弥陀漫滩水体鱼类食物网动态的季节性变化

长江上游是我国鱼类生物多样性最为丰富的地区之一,漫滩作为河流生态系统的重要组成部分对维持区域鱼类生物多样性具有重要作用。于2019年丰水期(8月份)和枯水期间(11月份)应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术并结合Bayesian混合模型和SIBER分析方法,对长江上游弥陀漫滩水体鱼类食物网结构动态的季节性变化特征进行了研究。结果显示：丰水期基础碳源的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N平均值分别为-23.02‰和2.58‰,范围分别为-31.01‰—-11.2‰(δ¹³C)和-0.51‰—6.84‰(δ¹⁵N);枯水期其δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N平均值分别为-21.93‰、7.22‰,范围分别为-26.31‰—-15.36‰(δ¹³C)和4.89‰—8.81‰(δ¹⁵N)。丰水期鱼类食物网能量主要依赖于外源性营养物质,食物链长度达到3.6级;枯水期内源性营养物质是食物网能量的主要贡献者,食物链长度为2.6级。相对于枯水期,丰水期间鱼类群落拥有更大的生...     

人为营养物质输入对汉丰湖不同营养级生物的影响--稳定C、N同位素分析

以长江一级支流小江上游的汉丰湖为研究对象,设置了4个采样点(影响组:A, B;对照组:C, D),应用碳、氮稳定性同位素探讨人类生活污水和农业面源污染对汉丰湖水生生态系统中不同营养级水平生物类群的影响。结果表明:影响组POM(颗粒有机物)和螺类碳、氮稳定性同位素比值范围分别为-25.93‰--24.63‰、4.12‰-9.86‰,-14.28‰--21.60‰、7.97‰-19.99‰;对照组POM(颗粒有机物)和螺类碳、氮稳定性同位素比值范围分别为-25.62‰--22.51‰、0.01‰-6.56‰,-22.96‰--19.21‰、6.75‰-8.89‰;不同组间POM和初级消费者螺类碳同位素比值无明显空间变化(P>0.05), 而氮稳定性同位素比值空间变化显著(P<0.05)。因此,在汉丰湖食物网中,氮稳定性同位素特征更好地反应了营养物质(人为输入)吸收和富集的信息。与固着藻类、鱼类等相比,POM和软体动物螺类更适合作为环境评价的指示物。影响组A、B样点的部分生物类群已经受到了人为营养物质输入的影响,影响强度B样点区域>A样点区域。结果建议加强汉丰湖水环境保护,控制污水排放量及提高污水处理水平,对于保护小江和三峡库区水质具有十分重要的意义。     

川东南小型水库营养结构特征的稳定C、N同位素分析

为了解我国水库生态系统营养结构特征, 研究应用稳定同位素技术分析了四川省东南部的典型小型水库松林水库中不同水生生物碳、氮稳定性同位素比值。基于Bayesian混合模型(SIAR)分析了不同消费者基础碳来源, 并计算了δ13C–δ15N同位素生态位中6个营养结构量化指标。结果表明: 调查期间松林水库处于富营养化状态; 初级生产者POM(主要成分为浮游藻类)、固着藻类、喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides和水蓼Polygonum hydropiper的δ13C值范围为–29.20‰—18.81‰, δ15N值范围为4.01‰—12.73‰; 其中POM和固着藻类是多数消费者的主要碳源; 松林水库食物网营养级长度为3级, 以杂食性鱼类为优势类群并存在营养冗余现象, 暗示了该生态系统鱼类群落结构的相对稳定性; 入侵物种福寿螺Pomacea lineata、罗非鱼Oreochromis spp.与土著物种铜锈环棱螺Bellamya aeruginosa、鲫Carassius auratus等之间存在明显的同位素生态位重叠现象。建议加强水生生物资源管理, 减少外来物种入侵对当地土著物种的保护具有重要意义。     

流溪河水库颗粒有机物及浮游动物碳、氮稳定同位素特征

为了解影响流溪河水库颗粒有机物(POM)碳和氮稳定同位素(δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N)变化的主要因素,及其与浮游动物δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N之间的关系,于2008年5月至12月份对POM及浮游动物的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N进行了研究。颗粒有机物碳稳定同位素(δ¹³C_POM)和氮稳定同位素(δ¹⁵N_POM)的季节性变化幅度分别为5.1‰和2.2‰,5月和7月份δ¹³C_POM较高,而在10月和12月份降低,这主要与降雨将大量外源有机物带入水库而引起的外源及内源有机物在POM组成上发生变化有关。δ¹⁵N_POM总体呈上升趋势,可能是由降雨引起的外源负荷、初级生产力、生物固氮等因素共同作用的结果。浮游动物的δ¹³C及δ¹⁵N总的变化趋势与POM的相似,也具有明显的季节性变化,食物来源的季节变化可能是造成其变化的主要原因。在5月份,浮游动物的食物来源为POM中δ¹³C较高的部分,也就是外源有机物,而在10月及12月份,其食物则可能主要为浮游植物。     

枸杞岛近岸海域食物网的稳定同位素分析

为了探明岛礁近岸海域食物网主要生物类群之间的营养关系,对2012年11月和2013年2月枸杞岛近岸的消费者及其潜在食物源的稳定碳、氮同位素组成进行了分析,并利用氮稳定同位素数据计算了消费者的营养级。结果表明:枸杞岛近岸海域消费者潜在食源浮游植物、POM、SOM和大型海藻的δ13C值范围为-21.7‰~-14.7‰,浮游动物、大型无脊椎动物和鱼类等消费者的δ13C值范围为-21.1‰~-13.7‰。初级生产者的C/N平均值为8.5,消费者的C/N平均值3.7,差异极显著(P0.001)。根据消费者的δ15N值,可将枸杞岛近岸海域的消费者分为滤食性浮游动物、食藻或碎屑的小型底栖动物、杂食性的大型无脊椎动物和鱼类以及凶猛的肉食性鱼类4大类,消费者共有4个营养等级,黑鲷的营养级最高为4.33。     

长江宜宾江段铜鱼属鱼类种间食物关系

采用碳、氮稳定同位素技术对2012年4-5月长江宜宾江段铜鱼和圆口铜鱼的食物组成进行了分析,并利用多元统计分析方法探讨了铜鱼和圆口铜鱼种间食物关系,包括饵料相似性指数、重叠系数及2种鱼的摄食器官形态差异对食物组成的影响.结果表明:1)铜鱼的δ13C和δ15N变化范围分别为-21.15‰～-20.31‰和9.67‰～ 10.21‰,为偏动物性的杂食性鱼类;圆口铜鱼的δ13C和δ15N分别为-23.30‰～-21.18‰和7.40‰～ 9.21‰,相对铜鱼为偏植物性的杂食性鱼类,铜鱼和圆口铜鱼均与传统肠含物分析的结果存在一定的差异;2)两种鱼的食物相似性指数和食物重叠系数分别为78.7％和55.6％;3)主成分分析(PCA)表明,铜鱼和圆口铜鱼摄食器官形态特征存在一定的差异.长江宜宾江段铜鱼和圆口铜鱼种间竞争不激烈,作为向家坝蓄水前最后一次对长江宜宾江段铜鱼和圆口铜鱼食性及种间食物关系的调查,研究结果可为分析向家坝蓄水对宜宾江段鱼类营养结构的影响提供数据参考.     

基于稳定同位素技术的长湖鱼类营养结构研究

本研究应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术分析了2017年秋季（10月）和2018年春季（3月）湖北省荆州长湖鱼类营养结构特征,构建了δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N稳定同位素双位图,并计算了7个相关的量化指标。结果显示：所采集的16种鱼类,δ¹³C均值范围为（-27.7±0.8）‰~（-24.8±0.1）‰,δ¹⁵N的均值范围为（11.4±0.3）‰~（16.6±0.5）‰。营养生态位分析显示,长湖鱼类以偏肉食性鱼类黄颡鱼的营养级最高（3.28±0.2）,草鱼的营养级最低（1.74±0.1）。稳定同位素的量化指标表明,长湖春季鱼类群落核心生态位空间（standard ellipse area, SEA）、生态位总空间（total area, TA）和基础食物来源（δ¹³C range, CR）均高于秋季,两个季度的营养多样性（centrifugal distance, CD）和鱼类群落的整体密度（mean nearest neighbor distance, MNND）相似,但春季的营养长度（δ¹⁵N range, NR）和鱼类群落营养生态位分布范围（standard deviation of nearest neighbor distance, SDNND）值低于秋季。说明春季长湖的生态位总空间（TA上升）和基础食物来源（CR上升）较为丰富,但因鱼类种类的食性相近,其群落的总食物链降低（NR下降）。该研究可为分析拆围后长湖鱼类群落结构特征积累基础数据,也为长湖的渔业管理策略提供依据。     

基于稳定同位素技术的洈水水库鱼类群落营养结构

为调查山谷型水库的鱼类群落营养结构及其食物资源利用情况,基于碳(δ³C)、氮(δ¹⁵N)稳定同位素技术研究了湖北省洈水水库2020年夏季与秋季鱼类群落结构特征,并运用贝叶斯混合模型评价4种潜在碳源(颗粒有机物、陆生植物、周丛藻类和有机碎屑)对不同食性鱼类的贡献。结果表明:洈水水库鱼类群落的营养结构存在季节差异,鱼类群落的营养层次(NR)、基础食物来源(CR)、生态位总空间(TA)、群落的整体密度(NND)、聚集均匀程度(SDNND)和核心生态位空间(SEAc)等参数为夏季高于秋季,表明夏季食物源多样性高、营养冗余程度低、食物网结构更加复杂而稳定。洈水水库夏季和秋季鱼类均依赖外源性碳源,但两个季节的利用方式存在显著差异(P<0.05)。整体上,陆生植物在两个季节对洈水水库鱼类的碳源贡献最大,但夏季周丛藻类为次重要碳源,秋季有机碎屑为次重要碳源,颗粒有机物(POM)在两个季节均不重要。夏季和秋季对外源碳的依赖程度最高的鱼类均为黄尾鲴(碎屑食性鱼类),对外源碳的依赖程度最低的鱼类为鳙(滤食性鱼类)和团头鲂(植食性鱼类)。在夏季和秋季共有的9种...     

基于碳、氮稳定同位素研究胶州湾普氏栉虾虎鱼的摄食习性

普氏栉虾虎鱼属于小型暖温性底层鱼类,是胶州湾鱼类群落中的优势种之一,在胶州湾食物网和生态系统中发挥着重要作用.本文应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术,基于胶州湾渔业资源底拖网调查采集的样品,对普氏栉虾虎鱼的摄食习性进行了研究.结果表明: 胶州湾普氏栉虾虎鱼的δ¹⁵N值范围为11.24‰～13.99‰,平均值为(12.70±0.70)‰,δ¹³C值范围为-20.67‰～-18.46‰,平均值为(-19.08±0.36)‰;各体长组的营养级范围为3.49～3.76,平均营养级为(3.62±0.21),其δ¹⁵N值和营养级与体长呈显著负相关,δ¹³C值与体长无显著相关性.普氏栉虾虎鱼摄食的主要饵料生物类群为多毛类、虾类和软体动物,浮游动物和颗粒有机物(POM)的饵料贡献率较小.聚类分析结果表明,普氏栉虾虎鱼各体长组食物组成的相似性均在92%以上,相似性较高,说明其摄食习性随体长变化无明显差异.普氏栉虾虎鱼在胶州湾生态系统中属于中级消费者,其摄食各饵料生物类群比例的变化可能是其营养级与体长呈负相关关系的主要原因.     

Solution-mediated syntheses and characterizations of two new zincophosphites [C6H14N2]0.5[Zn(H2PO3)2] and [C4H12N2]0.5[(CH3)2NH2][Zn2(HPO3)3]

Two new zincophosphites [C₆H₁₄N₂]_0.5[Zn(H₂PO₃)₂] 1 and [C₄H₁₂N₂]_0.5[(CH₃)₂NH₂][Zn₂(HPO₃)₃] 2 have been solvothermally synthesized in mixed solvents of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1,4-dioxane (DOA), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits a neutral inorganic chain formed by ZnO₄ and HPO₂(OH) units. Interestingly, the left- and right-handed hydrogen-bonded helical chains are alternately formed via the hydrogen-bonds between two adjacent chains. Compound 2 exhibits a layer structure with 4- and 12-MRs formed by ZnO₄ and HPO₃ units, in which two kinds of organic amine molecules both act as countercations to compensate the overall negative electrostatic charge of the anionic network.     

New preparations and molecular structures of cis-MCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2, M = Ru,Os and trans-RuCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2

The title compounds were made by reacting bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) with reduced solutions of OsCl₆^4? and Ru₂OCl₁₀^4?. The crystal and molecular structures of these compounds have been determined form three-dimensional X-ray study. The cis-isomers crystallize with one CHCl₃ per molecule of the complex. All three compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with unit cell dimensions as follows: Cis-OsCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃: a = 13.415(4) Å, b = 22.859(4) Å, c = 16.693(3) Å, β = 105.77(3)°, V = 4926(3) ų, Z = 4. cis-RuCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃: a = 13.442(3) Å, b = 22.833(7) Å, c = 16.750(4) Å, β = 105.53(2)°, V = 4953(3) ų, Z = 4. trans-RuCl₂(dppm)₂: a = 11.368(7) Å, b = 10.656(6) Å, c = 18.832(12) Å; β = 103.90(6)°, V = 2213(7) ų; Z = 2. The structures were refined to R = 0.044 (R_w = 0.055) for cis-OsCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃; R = 0.065 (R_w = 0.079) for cis-RuCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃ and R = 0.028 (R_w = 0.038) for trans-RuCl₂(dppm)₂. The complexes are six coordinate with stable four-membered chelate rings. The PMP angle in the chelate rings is ca. 71° in each case.     

Selective synthesis of triangular cluster oxido-sulfidocomplexes of Mo and W: High yield preparations of [Mo3O2S2(H2O)9], [W3O2S2(H2O)9], [W2MoO2S2(H2O)9] and their derivatization

Reaction of [Mo₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ with Mo(CO)₆ or metallic Mo under hydrothermal conditions (140 °C, 4 M HCl) gives oxido-sulfido cluster aqua complex [Mo₃(μ₃-S)(μ-O)₂(μ-S)(H₂O)₉]⁴⁺ (1). Similarly, [W₃(μ₃-S)(μ-O)₂(μ-S)(H₂O)₉]⁴⁺ (2) is obtained from [W₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and W(CO)₆. While reaction of [Mo₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ with W(CO)₆ mainly proceeds as simple reduction to give 1, [W₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ with Mo(CO)₆ produces new mixed-metal cluster [W₂Mo(μ₃-S)(μ-O)₂(μ-S)(H₂O)₉]⁴⁺ (3) as main product. From solutions of 1 in HCl supramolecular adduct with cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) {[Mo₃O₂S₂(H₂O)₆Cl₃]₂CB[6]}Cl₂⋅18H₂O (4) was isolated and structurally characterized. The aqua complexes were converted into acetylacetonates [M₃O₂S₂(acac)₃(py)₃]PF₆ (M₃ = Mo₃, W₃, W₂Mo; 5a-c), which were characterized by X-ray single crystal analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structure of (H₅O₂)(Me₄N)₄[W₃(μ₃-S)(μ₂-S)(μ₂-O)₂(NCS)₉] (6), obtained from 2, is also reported.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of the MgCl2(CH3COOC2H5)2· (CH3COOC2H5) adduct

The reaction of α-MgCl₂ with boiling ethyl acetate affords MgCI₂(CH₃COOC₂H₅)₂· (CH₃COOC₂H₅), which is obtained as crystals suitable for X-ray analysis only from the mother liquor. M=315.5, orthorhombic, space group P2₁22₁ (No. 18), a=25.077(3), b=8.616(1), c=7.345(1) Å, V=1587.0(3) ų, Z=4, D_x=1.32 g cm⁻³,λ A(Mo Kα)=0.71069 Å, μ=4.17 cm⁻¹, F(000)=664, T=298 K, observed reflections: 1667, R=0.059 and R_w=0.069. The structure is composed of polymeric chains of MgCl₂(CH₃COOC₂H₅₎₂ and the ethyl acetate molecules occupy a mutually trans position.     

Synthesis of tantalum and niobium complexes that contain the diamidoamine ligand, [(3,4,5-F3C6H2NCH2CH2)2NMe], and the triamidoamine ligand, [(3,5-Cl2C6H3NCH2CH2)3N]

Several niobium and tantalum compounds were prepared that contain either the diamidoamine ligand, [(3,4,5-F₃C₆H₂NCH₂CH₂)₂NMe]²⁻ ([F₃N₂NMe]²⁻), or the triamidoamine ligand, [(3,5-Cl₂C₆H₃NCH₂CH₂)₃N]³⁻ ([Cl₂N₂NMe]³⁻). The former include [F₃N₂NMe]TaCl₃, [F₃N₂NMe]NbCl₃, [F₃N₂NMe]TaMe₃, [F₃N₂NMe]NbMe₃, [(F₃N₂NMe)TaMe₂][MeB(C₆F₅)₃], [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CHSiMe₃)(CH₂SiMe₃), [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CH₂-t-Bu)Cl₂, [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CH-t-Bu)(CH₃), and [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₄)(CH₂CH₃). The latter include [Cl₂N₂NMe]TaCl₂, [Cl₂N₂NMe]TaMe₂, [Cl₂N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₄), and [Cl₂N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₂).X-ray diffraction studies were carried out on [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CHSiMe₃)(CH₂SiMe₃), [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₄)(CH₂CH₃), and [Cl₂N₂NMe]TaMe_2..     

Crystal structures of MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2 and mixtures of MoCl2(O2)(OPPh3)2 and MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPPh3)2: allylic alcohol isomerization studies using MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2

Adding one equivalent of H₂O₂ to compounds of stoichiometry MoCl₂(O)₂(OPR₃)₂, OPR₃ = OPMePh₂ or OPPh₃, leads to the formation of oxo-peroxo compounds MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPR₃)₂. The compound MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPMePh₂)₂ crystallized with an unequal disorder, 63%:37%, between the oxo and peroxo ligands, as verified by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, and can be isolated in reasonable yields. MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPPh₃)₂, was not isolated in pure form, co-crystallized with MoCl₂(O)₂(OPPh₃)₂ in two ratios, 18%:82% and 12%:88%, respectively, and did not contain any disorder in the arrangement of the oxo and peroxo groups. These complexes accomplish the isomerization of various allylic alcohols. A mechanism of this reaction has been constructed based on ¹⁸O isotopic studies and involves exchange between the alcohol and metal bonded O atoms.     

p-Quinquephenyl diamine, C6H5-p-C6H4-p-C6H2(2,3-NH2)-p-C6H4-C6H5, and its corresponding diimine-Ru(II) complex: Crystal structure and electrochemical and optical properties

The molecular structure of an o-phenylenediamine unit-containing oligophenylene (1), Ph-Ph′-Ph′(2,3-NH₂)-Ph′-Ph (Ph = phenyl; Ph′ = p-phenylene; Ph′(2,3-NH₂) = 2,3-diamino-p-phenylene), was determined by X-ray crystallography. 1 has a twisted structure, and forms an intermolecular C-H?π interaction network. The -NH₂ group of 1 was air-oxidized to an imine, NH, group in the presence of [RuCl₂(bpy)₂] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl) and gave a ruthenium(II)-benzoquinone diimine complex [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ (2: Ph-Ph′-Ph′(2,3-imine)-Ph′-Ph). The molecular structure of [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ underwent two-step electrochemical reduction with E^1/2 = −0.889 V and −1.531 V versus Fc⁺/Fc. The E^1/2’s were located at higher potentials by 91 mV and 117 mV, respectively, than those of reported [Ru(bqdi)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ (bqdi = benzoquinone diimine). Electrochemical oxidation of [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ occurred at a lower potential by 180 mV than that of [Ru(bqdi)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂. Occurrence of the easier reduction and oxidation of [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ than those of [Ru(bqdi)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ is ascribed to the presence of a large π-conjugation system in 2.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of an open framework Co0.7Zn1.3(PO4)2(NH3-CH2CH2NH3) and Co6.2(OH)4(PO4)4Zn1.80, a new adamite type phase

The hydrothermal reaction of cobalt(II)oxalate di-hydrate, zinc oxide, and triethyl-orthophosphate, using 1,2-diaminoethane as structure directing template in water, produced two major crystal phases in almost equal amount: the purple crystals of [NH₃-CH₂CH₂NH₃][Co_0.7Zn_1.3(PO₄)₂] (1) and the red burgundy crystals of Co_6.2(OH)₄(PO₄)₄Zn_1.80 (2), a new adamite type phase. The structure of [NH₃-CH₂CH₂NH₃] [Co_0.7Zn_1.3(PO₄)₂] (1) exhibits a 3D open framework built from PO₄ and (Co/Zn)O₄ tetrahedra, and (Co/Zn)O₅ trigonal bipyramids, forming two major channels, an 8-membered ring channel and a 16-membered ring channel, that host the ethanediammonium ions. The Co_6.2(OH)₄(PO₄)₄Zn_1.80 (2) is isomorphous with adamite-type M₂(OH)XO₄ structure, with a condensed vertex and edge sharing network of (Co/Zn)O₅, and distorted CoO₆, and PO₄ subunits. The cobalt preference for higher coordination numbers is displayed in this structure, where the octahedral sites are wholly occupied by cobalt. Thermal analysis confirmed that these compounds display high thermal stability.     

Metal-organophosphonates: hydrothermal synthesis and structures of [Cu(O3PC10H6CO2H)] and [Cu(bpy)(HO3PC10H6CO2)] (H2O3PC10H6CO2H = 2,6-carboxynaphthalene phosphonic acid)

Hydrothermal methods were used to prepare [Cu(O₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂H)] (1) and [Cu(bpy)(HO₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂)]·2H₂O (2·2H₂O), where H₂O₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂H is 2,6-carboxynaphthalene phosphonic acid (H₃cnp). The two-dimensional structure of 1 consists of layers of edge-sharing {CuO₆} octahedra, producing an AlCl₃- type structure of fused hexagonal rings of copper octahedra, enclosing voids of hexagonal profile. The layer composition is CuO₃ or CuO₆/₂ as each oxygen bridges two copper sites. The Hcnp ligands project from either face of the copper “oxide” layer. Adjacent layers interact through hydrogen bonding interactions between the pendant -CO₂H groups of the ligand. Coordination of the bipyridine ligand in [Cu(HO₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂)] (2) obstructs expansion in two-dimensions, and the material exhibits a chain structure. The chain is constructed of binuclear units of edge-sharing ‘4+1’ {CuO₃N₂} square pyramids linked through the dipodal {HO₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂}²⁻ ligands.