高压静电场对贯叶连翘种子休眠破除及药用成分的影响

将高压静电场(HVEF)技术应用于贯叶连翘种子休眠破除及组培苗培养,结果显示,贯叶连翘种子在静电场(100 kv/m)中处理1 h,其发芽势(SPO)和发芽率(SPT)是对照组(无静电处理)的5.69倍和2.45倍;贯叶连翘组培苗在静电场(135 kv/m～150 kv/m)中处理1 h,其药用成分总金丝桃素含量和贯叶金丝桃素含量是对照组的1.35～1.53倍;静电场(150 kv/m)处理后,POD活性是其对照的1.30倍.研究表明,一定强度的静电场作用,能有效提高贯叶连翘种子发芽率,促进总金丝桃素和贯叶金丝桃素代谢含量.     

贯叶连翘醇提条件的多指标优化

本研究采用超声波提取法,对贯叶连翘中总黄酮、金丝桃素类和贯叶金丝桃素等主要有效成分在醇提过程中的提取条件(溶媒种类、浓度、提取时间等)进行了考察。结果表明,以总黄酮和金丝桃素类化合物为指标,用65％～80％的乙醇水溶液超声提取30min,提取效率较高;以贯叶金丝桃素为指标,则以用75％～90％的甲醇提取30min效果较好。     

贯叶金丝桃的组培快繁

贯叶金丝桃（Hypericumperforatum）为金丝桃科多年生草本植物,又名贯叶连翘、千层楼、圣约翰草。中医认为,该植物全草可入药,能收敛止血,治吐血,外伤出血及肿毒等症。近年来随着贯叶金丝桃在治疗癌症和艾滋病等方面疗效的发现,市场上对其的需求激增,价格猛涨,资源遭到     

贯叶连翘的历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用研究进展

贯叶连翘是我国传统中药之一,在宋代之前作为连翘中的“小翘”应用于临床,为今之“贯叶金丝桃”的带根全草,具有收敛止血,清热解毒,利湿等功效。主要含有黄酮类、间苯三酚类、萘骈二蒽酮类、挥发油类、酚酸类等化学成分。现代药理研究表明贯叶连翘具有抗抑郁、抗菌、抗肿瘤、保肝及抗纤维化等作用,其药理作用的机制较为复杂,部分机制还有待进一步深入研究。本文对贯叶连翘历史沿革、化学成分、质量控制及药理作用等方面进行文献整理并展开综述,以期为贯叶连翘的药用部位扩展及后续深入开发研究提供参考和依据。     

贯叶连翘的研究和应用现状

近年来,国内外对天然生物活性物质的研究和应用日趋活跃,含天然活性成分的植物提取物的贸易额也随之大幅度上升。继银杏叶提取物之后,国外厂商又通过各种渠道来我国寻找贯叶连翘及其提取物货源,由此引发了国内贯叶连翘资源的开发热潮。作者根据国内外文献及自己的研究...     

贯叶连翘愈伤组织中分泌细胞群的发生与金丝桃素类物质的积累

贯叶连翘(Hypericum perforatum L．)是一种传统草药,在欧洲被广泛用于治疗抑郁症。其重要的活性成分,金丝桃素类物质储存在茎、叶和花瓣的分泌细胞团中。本文应用组织化学及电子显微镜技术,研究体外培养的贯叶连翘叶肉细胞脱分化产生愈伤组织以及细胞发育过程中金丝桃素类物质的积累、运输的情况,进一步探讨细胞的生长发育与次生代谢产物的关系。发现金丝桃素类物质产生于愈伤组织培养后期,在愈伤组织表面所形成的分泌细胞群中,最初在细胞质中形成,之后运输至液泡中积累,内质网参与了金丝桃素类物质的合成过程。这些结果为利用组织培养技术提高金丝桃素类物质含量提供了理论基础和依据。     

贯叶连翘总提取物对黄色短杆菌的抗菌作用

报道了贯叶连翘总提取物作用于黄色短杆菌并经光照和未光照处理后对该菌的抗菌作用,目的是探讨贯叶连翘总提取物在光照和非光照处理时抗菌作用的异同。采用光密度(OD)值、活菌数(CFU)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)值检测方法,测定了在12h的培养过程中,提取物作用时黄色短杆菌的OD640nm值、CFU、MBC值。结果表明提取物对该菌有很强的抑菌和杀菌作用,且这两种作用与其浓度有关,不需光照。     

贯叶连翘的水培及其代谢产物检测

水培可诱导贯叶连翘组培苗生根能力强,根活力也增加;生根苗在1/6MS培养液中培养6周后的金丝桃素(HP)、假金丝桃素(PHP)和贯叶金丝桃素(HF)含量分别比基质[腐质土 蛭石(1:1)]中培养的提高10.13%、16.00%和61.36%。     

贯叶连翘对应激大鼠生长和脑单胺类神经递质含量的影响

为探讨贯叶连翘对慢性应激大鼠生长和脑单胺类神经递质的影响,用15只大鼠设置对照组、应激组和贯叶连翘组3组实验。应激组和贯叶连翘组均进行7天的应激刺激后,贯叶连翘组灌胃贯叶连翘10d。实验结束后,取3组大鼠的脑组织,用高效液相色谱法测定高香草酸(HVA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的含量。结果表明,应激组大鼠日增重明显低于对照组;而贯叶连翘组大鼠的日增重明显高于应激组。应激组大鼠海马、纹状体和前额叶中的HVA、NE、DA和5-HT与对照组间均无显著差异。贯叶连翘组大鼠纹状体中的DA含量明显高于应激组;而前额叶中的DA则明显低于应激组。因此,贯叶连翘对慢性应激引起的大鼠生长受抑有缓解作用,对其脑内单胺类神经递质有部分调节作用。     

茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对贯叶连翘悬浮细胞生长和贯叶金丝桃素产量的影响

培养基中添加100 μm01·L-1MeJA后,贯叶连翘悬浮细胞生物量增加量和贯叶金丝桃素(HF)的产量分别是未经MeJA处理的1.3倍和1.73倍;培养3 d时,培养基中添加100 μmol·L-1 MeJA能提高HF产量,是未经MeJA处理的2.4倍.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.