猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白在乳酸菌中的表达

目的：构建猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白的细胞内表达重组乳酸乳球菌,确定其最佳表达条件,为重组乳酸菌作为口服疫苗防治猪传染性胃肠炎奠定基础。方法：根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突（S）蛋白的全基因序列及表达载体质粒的基因融合特点,设计一对引物,进行PCR,获得含有TGEV S基因4个主要抗原位点的约2000bp目的片段,将其与表达载体质粒pNZ8048进行连接,通过电转化进入宿主菌乳酸乳球菌NZ9000细胞内,在乳链菌肽（Nisin）的诱导下进行表达,确定最佳表达条件;并通过SDS-PAGE进行检测和Western-blot分析表达蛋白活性。结果：成功获得了TGEV S蛋白在乳酸乳球菌细胞内的表达并且表达的蛋白具有TGE全病毒的抗原性。确定了乳酸乳球菌表达TGEV S蛋白的最佳表达条件为在以1ng/ml的乳链杆菌肽nisin诱导下,诱导后3h,重组蛋白表达效率达最高,重组蛋白约占菌体总蛋白含量的8．7％。结论：在乳酸乳球菌细胞内表达的重组TGEV S蛋白获得了理想表达,为进一步研制开发防治TGE口服疫苗提供物质基础。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒n基因的原核表达及重组蛋白的免疫活性分析

猪传染性胃肠炎(transmissible gastroenteritis,TGE)是由猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gas-troenteritis virus,TGEV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,以呕吐、水样腹泻、脱水和对2周龄以内仔猪高度致死率为特征[1]。猪传染性胃肠炎病毒隶属于冠状病毒科冠状病毒属,是引起仔猪病毒性腹泻的重要病原,其基因组为单股正链的有感染性不分节段的RNA,TGEV结构蛋白主要由S、N、Ms、M蛋白组成[2]。其中n基因指导合成病毒的核衣壳蛋白(N),它是一种磷酸化的蛋白,存在于病毒粒子的内部,其分子质量为47kD[3],与病毒基因组组成核衣壳;N…     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突糖蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的:利用巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)纤突糖蛋白S。方法:根据GenBank中猪TGEV纤突糖蛋白S全基因设计一对引物,并在5'引物和3'引物中引入EcoRⅠ、NotⅠ酶切位点,2.2kb的目的基因S经PCR扩增后克隆于pBS-T载体,再将S基因经双酶切从T载体切下并与穿梭质粒pPIC9k连接,SalⅠ线性化重组穿梭质粒pPIC9k-S,电转化于毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞,G418筛选鉴定阳性重组子,经甲醇诱导,SDS-PAGE检测诱导后上清。结果:对pPIC9k-S重组酵母表达载体的测序证实已成功克隆了猪TGEVS基因;重组酵母菌诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE检测结果显示表达产物的相对分子质量约为82×103,且S蛋白以可溶性形式分泌表达于胞外。结论:利用巴斯德毕赤酵母真核表达系统成功表达了猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(河北分离株)纤突糖蛋白S。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒分子生物学特征

猪流行性腹泻(porcine epidemic diarrhea,PED)是以水泻、呕吐和脱水为特征的一种急性病毒性腹泻.猪流行性腹泻现已成为世界范围内的猪病之一.猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)是PED的致病因子,是导致类似猪传染性胃肠炎(porcine transmissible gastroenteritis,TGE)临床症状的真正病原.迄今为止已发现PEDV与TGEV[1]、PEDV与PCV混合感染猪[2].已有用蛋黄IgY 预防PED效果的报道[3],还有用弱化的PEDV疫苗对仔猪进行免疫的报道[4],但都对其作用机制未作深入探讨.弄清PEDV的分子生物学特征,针对PED进行特异性免疫,必将对PED的诊断、治疗和综合防治产生深远影响.本文仅就PEDV的分子生物学特征作一综述.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因全抗原位点片段及猪呼吸道冠状病毒缺失片段表达产物的反应原性比较

猪呼吸道冠状病毒（PRCV）是猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）的自然缺失株,二者主要区别在于PRCV的S基因缺失B、C两个主要抗原位点。因此,利用RT—PCR技术分别扩增TGEV Purdue毒株S基因近N端的S1和S1-2两个片段,将之克隆到pOEX—KG原核表达载体的GST基因下游,经表达,获得大小约52kD和108kD两种融合蛋白,表达量分别占菌体总蛋白的45％和35％,主要以包涵体的形式存在。利用TGEV和PRCV两种阳性血清进行Western blot检测,当第一抗体为TGEV阳性血清时,可检测到52kD和108kD两条带;而当第一抗体为PRCV阳性血清时,只检测到108kD一条带。结果表明这两种融合蛋白具有良好的反应原性,且可用于TGEV和PRCV的鉴别诊断,为进一步研制开发TGEV和PRCV的鉴别诊断试剂盒奠定了基础。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白抗原位点分子特征分析

为了进一步研究猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白抗原位点的分子特征,选取GenBank中22株TGEV分离株,采用生物信息学方法对抗原位点氨基酸序列进行同源性比对分析。结果表明,不同分离株的A和C位点高度保守,B和D位点则有一些变化。     

国家自然科学基金项目简介

正项目名称:DDX1在猪传染性胃肠炎病毒非结构蛋白nsp14激活NF-κB信号通路中的作用机制项目经费:25万项目主要内容:TGEV是引起仔猪腹泻的主要病原,能显著激活炎症相关转录因子NF-κB,前期研究发现nsp14在其中起关键作用,且DDX1直接影响nsp14对NF-κB的激活。项目拟明确nsp14对NF-κB的激     

马传染性贫血病毒囊膜基因的研究进展

马传染性贫血病毒是反转录病毒科慢病毒属的成员之一 ,不仅与人免疫缺陷病毒具有序列同源性 ,而且与其血清具有交叉反应。马传染性贫血驴白细胞弱毒疫苗是迄今为止唯一研究成功的慢病毒疫苗。在马传贫病毒囊膜基因的研究中有助于弄清其抗原变异、持续感染和疫苗免疫机理 ,为艾滋病疫苗的研究提供借鉴。对囊膜基因的结构、变异及其在机体免疫应答中的作用进行了讨论。     

四种常见猪肠道病毒多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立及临床应用

【背景】猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)、猪δ冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)和猪轮状病毒(porcine rotavirus,PoRV)是当前导致猪群发生病毒性腹泻的4种主要病原,并且常发生混合感染。【目的】建立一种可鉴别诊断这4种腹泻病毒病的检测方法,对于临床诊断具有重要意义。【方法】针对PEDV的M蛋白基因、TGEV的N蛋白基因、PDCoV的N蛋白基因和PoRV的VP7蛋白基因分别设计特异性引物,进而构建相应的重组质粒标准品。通过对PCR反应条件优化,建立可同时检测PEDV、TGEV、PDCoV和PoRV的多重RT-PCR检测方法。随后通过敏感性、特异性和重复性试验对该方法的有效性进行验证。【结果】敏感性试验结果显示,对PEDV-M、TGEV-N、PDCoV-N和PoRV-VP7重组质粒标准品的最低检测下限分别为1.75×10²、1.5×10³、1.6×10²和1.6×10²copies/μL;特异性试验结果显示,仅可检出本研究中的4种靶病毒,而猪群常见病毒CSFV、PRRSV、PCV2和PRV未能检出。重复性试验结果显示,选取10⁸、10⁶和10⁴copies/μL 3个不同浓度的重组质粒作为模板,其他条件不变,分别进行5次重复试验,5次试验均扩增出清晰、均匀的条带。对山东各地区送检的52份临床腹泻样品通过建立的四重RT-PCR方法进行检测,发现PEDV、TGEV、PDCoV和PoRV的阳性率分别为37%(19份)、6%(3份)、10%(5份)和25%(13份)。其中PEDV和PoRV混合感染2份(4%),PEDV和TGEV混合感染2份(4%),PEDV和PDCoV混合感染1份(2%)。通过单重RT-PCR对该多重RT-PCR临床样品检测结果进行重复验证,结果显示多重RT-PCR与常规单重RT-PCR结果符合率为100%。最后随机挑选5个检测为阳性的临床样本进行测序验证,结果均为相应病毒的基因片段。【结论】本研究建立了可同时检测PEDV、TGEV、PDCoV和PoRV的四重RT-PCR检测方法,研究结果为临床4种猪腹泻病毒病的鉴别诊断及流行病学调查提供了技术手段。     

携带TGEV DNA疫苗减毒沙门氏菌的构建及安全性与免疫性分析

【目的】探讨以减毒沙门氏菌为载体,进行TGEV DNA疫苗口服免疫可行性。【方法】通过RT-PCR扩增TGEV四川株（SC-H）S基因5’端约2.1 kb的主要抗原位点片段,将其插入真核表达载体pVAX1,构建重组质粒pVAX-S,体外转染COS7细胞,间接免疫荧光检测S基因表达。通过电转化将pVAX-S转入减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207,构建SL7207（pVAX-S）重组菌,并在体外感染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,以RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光检测细胞内S基因的转录与表达情况。将SL7207（pVAX-S）重组菌以5×108、1×109、2×109CFU剂量口服接种BALB/c小鼠,分析其安全性,并以1×109CFU剂量的重组菌3次免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过间接ELISA检测免疫小鼠的血清IgG与肠道粘膜IgA抗体。【结果】成功构建重组质粒pVAX-S,且重组质粒能在COS7细胞中表达。重组菌SL7207（pVAX-S）感染巨噬细胞后检测到目的基因的转录、表达。小鼠口服接种不同剂量重组菌,具有良好的安全性。免疫小鼠于二免后两周可检测到针对TGEV S蛋白的特异性血清IgG与肠道粘膜IgA抗体,且三免后两周与SL7207（pVAX1）空载体免疫组间分别存在显著性差异（P<0.05）和极显著性差异（P<0.01）。【结论】携带TGEV DNA疫苗的减毒沙门氏菌小鼠试验显示了良好的免疫原性与安全性。     

Assembly of pseudorabies virus genome-based transfer vehicle carrying major antigen sites of S gene of transmissible gastroenteritis virus: potential perspective for developing live vector vaccines.

Two severe porcine infectious diseases, pseudorabies (PR) and transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) respectively often result in serious economic loss in animal husbandry worldwide. Vaccination is the important prevention means against both infections. To achieve a PRV genome-based virus live vector, aiming at further TGEV/PRV bivalent vaccine development, a recombinant plasmid pUG was constructed via inserting partial PK and full-length gG genes of PRV strain Bartha K-61 amplified into pUC119 vector. In parallel, another recombinant pHS was generated by introducing a fragment designated S1 encoding the major antigen sites of S gene from TGEV strain TH-98 into a prokaryotic expression vector pP(RO)EX HTc. The SV40 polyA sequence was then inserted into the downstream of S1 fragment of pHS. The continuous region containing S1fragment, SV40 polyA and four single restriction enzyme sites digested from pHS was subcloned into the downstream of gG promoter of pUG. In addition, a LacZ reporter gene was introduced into the universal transfer vector named pUGS-LacZ. Subsequently, a PRV genome-based virus live vector was generated via homologous recombination. The functionally effective vector was purified and partially characterized. Moreover, the potential advantages of this system are discussed.     

Alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp1 protein suppresses protein translation in mammalian cells and in cell-free HeLa cell extracts but not in rabbit reticulocyte lysate

The nsp1 protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), an alphacoronavirus, efficiently suppressed protein synthesis in mammalian cells. Unlike the nsp1 protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a betacoronavirus, the TGEV nsp1 protein was unable to bind 40S ribosomal subunits or promote host mRNA degradation. TGEV nsp1 also suppressed protein translation in cell-free HeLa cell extract; however, it did not affect translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL). Our data suggested that HeLa cell extracts and cultured host cells, but not RRL, contain a host factor(s) that is essential for TGEV nsp1-induced translational suppression.     

Genome-scale CRISPR screen identifies TMEM41B as a multi-function host factor required for coronavirus replication

Emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a severe threat to human and animal health worldwide. To identify host factors required for CoV infection, we used α-CoV transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as a model for genome-scale CRISPR knockout (KO) screening. Transmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) was found to be a bona fide host factor involved in infection by CoV and three additional virus families. We found that TMEM41B is critical for the internalization and early-stage replication of TGEV. Notably, our results also showed that cells lacking TMEM41B are unable to form the double-membrane vesicles necessary for TGEV replication, indicating that TMEM41B contributes to the formation of CoV replication organelles. Lastly, our data from a mouse infection model showed that the KO of this factor can strongly inhibit viral infection and delay the progression of a CoV disease. Our study revealed that targeting TMEM41B is a highly promising approach for the development of broad-spectrum anti-viral therapeutics.     

The nucleoprotein is required for efficient coronavirus genome replication

The construction of a set of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV)-derived replicons as bacterial artificial chromosomes is reported. These replicons were generated by sequential deletion of nonessential genes for virus replication, using a modified TGEV full-length cDNA clone containing unique restriction sites between each pair of consecutive genes. Efficient activity of TGEV replicons was associated with the presence of the nucleoprotein provided either in cis or in trans. TGEV replicons were functional in several cell lines, including the human cell line 293T, in which no or very low cytopathic effect was observed, and expressed high amounts of heterologous protein.     

Point mutations in the S protein connect the sialic acid binding activity with the enteropathogenicity of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus.

Enteropathogenic transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a porcine coronavirus, is able to agglutinate erythrocytes because of sialic acid binding activity. Competitive inhibitors that may mask the sialic acid binding activity can be inactivated by sialidase treatment of virions. Here, we show that TGEV virions with efficient hemagglutinating activity were also obtained when cells were treated with sialidase prior to infection. This method was used to analyze TGEV mutants for hemagglutinating activity. Recently, mutants with strongly reduced enteropathogenicity that have point mutations or a deletion of four amino acids within residues 145 to 155 of the S protein have been described. Here, we show that in addition to their reduced pathogenicity, these mutants also have lost hemagglutinating activity. These results connect sialic acid binding activity with the enteropathogenicity of TGEV.     

Resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase N-deficient pigs

Transgenic Research - The alphacoronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are sources of high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs, a...     

The viral nucleocapsid protein of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) is cleaved by caspase-6 and -7 during TGEV-induced apoptosis

The transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), like many other viruses, exerts much of its cytopathic effect through the induction of apoptosis of its host cell. Apoptosis is coordinated by a family of cysteine proteases, called caspases, that are activated during apoptosis and participate in dismantling the cell by cleaving key structural and regulatory proteins. We have explored the caspase activation events that are initiated upon infection of the human rectal tumor cell line HRT18 with TGEV. We show that TGEV infection results in the activation of caspase-3, -6, -7, -8, and -9 and cleavage of the caspase substrates eIF4GI, gelsolin, and alpha-fodrin. Surprisingly, the TGEV nucleoprotein (N) underwent proteolysis in parallel with the activation of caspases within the host cell. Cleavage of the N protein was inhibited by cell-permeative caspase inhibitors, suggesting that this viral structural protein is a target for host cell caspases. We show that the TGEV nucleoprotein is a substrate for both caspase-6 and -7, and using site-directed mutagenesis, we have mapped the cleavage site to VVPD(359) downward arrow. These data demonstrate that viral proteins can be targeted for destruction by the host cell death machinery.     

Stabilization of a full-length infectious cDNA clone of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus by insertion of an intron

The stable propagation of a full-length transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) cDNA in Escherichia coli cells as a bacterial artificial chromosome has been considerably improved by the insertion of an intron to disrupt a toxic region identified in the viral genome. The viral RNA was expressed in the cell nucleus under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter and the intron was efficiently removed during translocation of this RNA to the cytoplasm. The insertion in two different positions allowed stable plasmid amplification for at least 200 generations. Infectious TGEV was efficiently recovered from cells transfected with the modified cDNAs.     

Epitope specificity of protective lactogenic immunity against swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus.

The epitope specificity of the protective immune response against swine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) has been investigated by using circulating and secretory antibodies. This study was carried out with sows vaccinated with TGEV or the antigenically related porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). TGEV vaccination of sows resulted in greater lactogenic protection of suckling piglets against TGEV challenge and a higher secretory immune response than PRCV vaccination did. These differences in the immune response were conditioned by the route of antigen presentation as a result of the different tropism of each virus. Epitopes on S protein, and in particular those contained in its antigenic site. A, were more immunogenic than epitopes on N and M proteins in both groups of vaccinated sows, as determined by a competitive radioimmunoassay. Minor differences in antibody response against the previously defined antigenic subsites Aa, Ab, and Ac were also detected, with subsite Ab being the most antigenic in both TGEV- and PRCV-immune sows. These findings suggest that antigenic site A on S protein, involved in virus neutralization, is the immunodominant site in pregnant sows that confer lactogenic protection. They also validate, in experiments with secretory antibodies, the antigenic maps made with murine monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, this antigenic site should be considered for vaccine or diagnostic development.