下期论文预告

"猪精氨酸-丝氨酸蛋白激酶3(SRPK3)的遗传学分析"以大白猪为实验材料,采用RT-PCR方法克隆了精氨酸-丝氨酸蛋白激酶3(serine/arginine-rich specific kinase 3,SRPK3)的全长基因CDS区,将序列提交到Genbank;采用生物信息学方法分析SRPK3基因核酸序列,对其所编码的蛋白序列进行预测与分析,编码蛋白序列的结构特点为进     

野猪、民猪、大白猪μ-钙激活酶基因的变异位点分析

为了进一步研究CAPN1基因变异与肉嫩度的关系, 寻找与猪嫩度性状相关的分子标记, 对CAPN1基因组进行了克隆、测序, 并利用PCR-SSCP方法对其编码区序列进行了分子扫描, 寻找多态位点, 分析不同基因型在野猪、民猪、大白猪中的种间分布规律。获得了猪CAPN1基因的15个内含子序列; 根据GenBank上提供的CAPN1 CDS及克隆的内含子序列设计了5对多态性引物进行PCR-SSCP分析; 共找到8个SNPs, 其中7个位于外显子上, 1个位于内含子上, 并且外显子上的突变有3个是错义突变, 分别造成了蛋白质多肽链上第54位氨基酸的S/T、第192位氨基酸的G/E、第363位氨基酸的V/I替代; χ²独立性检验表明不同基因型在大白猪与野猪、民猪之间存在着极显著的差异(P<0.01), 野猪和民猪之间除了S1引物3种基因型的分布存在显著差异外(0.010.05)。这些多态位点具有成为分子标记的潜在可能。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌vip3A基因的检测及保守性分析

Vip3A蛋白是苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt）在营养期分泌的一类新型杀虫蛋白。用PCR方法从114个Bt菌株和41个Bt标准菌株中筛选到39株即约25%的菌株含有vip3A基因。利用所制备的Vip3A蛋白的多克隆抗体对以上含有vip3A基因的Bt菌株进行Western印迹分析,发现多数PCR反应为阳性的菌株都产生89 kD大小的蛋白,其中有4株没有Vip3A蛋白的表达。从以上菌株中挑选2个对夜蛾科害虫具有较高和较低毒力的菌株,即S101和611,并分别进行vip3A基因的克隆和测序,再与GenBank上所登录的其它6个全长vip3A基因和2个已报道的但未登录GenBank的vip3A基因进行核苷酸和氨基酸序列比较,结果表明,vip3A是一个极其保守的基因。将以上所克隆的2个vip3A基因即vip3AS101和vip3A611分别插入表达载体pQE30构建了表达质粒pOTP-S101和pOTP-611,转化到大肠杆菌M15,经1 mmol/L IPTG诱导后均表达89 kD大小的Vip3A蛋白。蛋白可溶性试验表明,Vip3A-S101和Vip3A-611分别有48%和35%的蛋白是可溶的。将Vip3A-S101和Vip3A-611蛋白和已报道的Vip3A-S184蛋白对初孵斜纹夜蛾 (Spodoptera litura) 幼虫进行生物测定,结果表明,3个Vip3A蛋白对斜纹夜蛾幼虫毒力没有显著性差异,这说明了Vip3A个别氨基酸的变化对蛋白的杀虫活性没有影响。     

大肠埃希菌不耐热肠毒素双突变体的表达及活性研究

为了使大肠埃希菌不耐热肠毒素(LT)的毒性丧失或减弱的同时仍保留其较强的免疫原性,通过PCR和重叠—延伸PCR扩增突变体LTK⁶³/G¹⁹²基因片段, IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白,经Western免疫印迹检测目的蛋白,在HPLC系统上纯化目的蛋白,经ADP-核酸转移酶试验及Patent-mouse毒性试验检测其酶活性与毒性,纯化的目的蛋白与鸡新城疫病毒弱毒疫苗联合一起经滴鼻免疫鸡。结果表明：制备的突变体LTK⁶³/G¹⁹²的基因片段经酶切和测序发现,所构建的表达载体pLTK⁶³/G¹⁹² 阅读框架正确,且相应位点氨基酸获得了替换;经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,野生型LT及双突变体均表达出约33.0 ku和13.0 ku的两条蛋白带,与LTA、LTB亚基分子质量相吻合;经Western bolt检测,两个蛋白亚基均可与His抗体发生特异性反应;双突变蛋白的酶活性和毒性与野生型LT相比酶活性和毒性都有所降低;突变体LTK⁶³/G¹⁹²能辅助新城疫疫苗在血清和黏膜中产生较高抗新城疫病毒的IgG和IgA。说明LTK⁶³/G¹⁹²是一个良好的免疫佐剂。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌anti-σ因子CseE及其突变体与σ因子SigE的相互作用分析

[目的]谷氨酸棒杆菌是重要的氨基酸生产菌株,本研究针对SigE与ZAS家族蛋白CseE相互作用机制进行探索研究,重点分析CseE突变体影响与SigE结合能力的机制。[方法]本研究选择谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC 13032来源的SigE和CseE蛋白为研究目标,利用遗传学方法获得过表达的重组谷氨酸棒杆菌,通过RT-qPCR研究SigE调控sigE和cseE的转录情况。同时,利用ITC和His pull-down实验验证ZAS家族的CseE蛋白与Zn²⁺及SigE的结合情况。之后对CseE蛋白进行功能域分析、多序列比对,研究功能域关键氨基酸位点对SigE结合能力的影响。其次对SigE和CseE蛋白进行分子对接和动力学模拟,分析关键氨基酸影响其结合的机制。[结果]谷氨酸棒杆菌SigE调控基因sigE和cseE的转录并且其活性受CseE蛋白控制。CseE蛋白为ZAS家族蛋白,具有Zn²⁺结合能力。CseE_His83A、CseE_cys87A和CseE_cys90A突变体不会影响与SigE的结合能力,而CseE_C87A-C90A和CseE_{His83A-C87A-C90A}突变体与SigE的结合能力略有下降。分子动力学模拟发现SigE-CseE_C87A-C90A和SigE-CseE_{His83A-C87A-C90A}之间的结合能量为-17.23 kcal/mol和-14.06 kcal/mol,分别比未突变体系结合能量降低22.8%及36.9%。[结论]谷氨酸棒杆菌SigE通过聚集RNA聚合酶来调控基因sigE和cseE的表达。CseE蛋白属于ZAS家族,具有Zn²⁺结合能力同时通过与SigE蛋白互作来抑制SigE活性。CseE_C87A-C90A及CseE_{His83A-C87A-C90A}突变体能影响与SigE结合的能力,减弱对SigE活性的控制。本研究产生的三维结构和确定的氨基酸关键位点为后续探索谷氨酸棒杆菌SigE和CseE响应环境压力机制提供了理论基础。     

烟草NtNHX1 3基因的克隆及表达特性

以栽培烟草‘云烟87’为材料,通过同源克隆方法分离了烟草NHX（Na⁺,K⁺/H⁺ exchanger）基因NtNHX1 3。结果表明：NtNHX1 3基因CDS长度1 617 bp,编码蛋白质长度为538 aa,蛋白理论等电点为8.67,分子量为59.34 kD。预测NtNHX1 3属于膜蛋白,含有11个跨膜区,且含有NHX类蛋白保守位点氨氯吡嗪咪结合位点。进化树分析显示,NtNHX1 3与菊苣、野菊花NHX遗传距离最近。qRT PCR组织特异性表达分析表明,NtNHX1 3在烟草叶片中表达量最高,根、茎、花中也有表达;盐胁迫处理后NtNHX1 3基因的表达上调,表明该基因参与了盐胁迫反应;打顶初期NtNHX1 3基因的表达呈逐渐上调的趋势,与该时期钾含量逐渐升高相吻合。研究推测,NtNHX1 3具有将钾离子从细胞质转运至液泡的功能。     

野猪CAPN7基因的克隆、表达和变异分析

钙蛋白酶是细胞质中主要的蛋白水解酶,在肌肉生长、蛋白转化及嫩化过程中发挥复杂的作用。本研究利用RT-PCR、生物信息学方法克隆野猪（Sus scrofa ussuricus）CAPN7 cDNA并进行序列分析,利用相对定量RT-PCR方法研究其组织表达情况和利用PCR-SSCP方法对其进行变异分析。结果表明,野猪CAPN7基因编码区全长2 442 bp,预期编码813个氨基酸残基,多肽链中存在着calpain家族的催化结构域和催化活性中心;野猪CAPN7不同程度地表达于所检测的12种组织中,在6、9月龄野家杂交猪肌肉组织中的相对表达量高于同一时期的大白猪肌肉组织;所检测到的3种基因型在野猪、民猪和杜洛克中的分布存在着极显著差异。本研究为进一步揭示calpain7的功能提供了分子生物学基础。     

中国南瓜CmNPR1基因的克隆和表达分析

从实验室前期对中国南瓜雌花败育转录组测序结果推测,CmNPR1基因可能在南瓜花发育过程中发挥重要功能。该研究以中国南瓜自交系‘3 1’为试验材料,采用同源克隆方法获得中国南瓜CmNPR1基因CDS序列,通过生物信息学、基因表达以及亚细胞定位分析对该基因进行初步研究, 为进一步研究CmNPR1基因在南瓜花发育中的功能和作用机制奠定基础。结果表明：(1)中国南瓜CmNPR1基因CDS全长1 442 bp,编码480个氨基酸;蛋白序列包含有一个BTB/POZ和一个锚蛋白重复序列(Ank)保守结构域;该蛋白无信号肽和跨膜结构;多序列比对分析结果显示,CmNPR1氨基酸序列与美洲南瓜的亲缘关系最近,为96.05%,其次是印度南瓜,为95.63%。(2)CmNPR1基因在所取样品中花纵径0.5 cm时期表达量最高,且在花不同结构中柱头的表达量最高。(3)通过拟南芥原生质体亚细胞定位分析发现,该蛋白定位于细胞质和细胞核。     

人心肌肌钙蛋白T的纯化和单克隆抗体的制备

从人左室心肌中成功纯化心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT). 经匀浆, 70℃加热处理, 咪唑盐酸透析, DEAE-纤维素层析, 100g心肌获取cTnT 5mg, 纯度为97.6%. 同时采用脾内免疫法, 免疫Balb/C小鼠, 经细胞融合, 筛选, 克隆化得5株稳定分泌抗人cTnT单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞(G₃, G₈, G₁₀, A₅, A₇), 4株为IgM, 1株为IgG, 染色体数目92～110条. 腹水效价为3.2×10^-6～1. 6×10^-7.     

烟草NtSKOR1基因的克隆及功能分析

该研究利用拟南芥AtSKOR蛋白序列,通过NCBI的Blast搜索获得烟草NtSKOR1基因CDS序列。设计全长CDS扩增引物,通过RT PCR方法从栽培烟草中克隆得到NtSKOR1基因,对其进行生物信息学、表达特性等分析,并利用CRISPR/Cas9技术获得NtSKOR1的敲除材料。结果表明：(1)NtSKOR1基因CDS由2 466 bp核苷酸组成,编码821个氨基酸,推测NtSKOR1蛋白等电点为6.36,分子量为94.21 kD。(2)NtSKOR1定位于细胞膜,有6个跨膜区,无信号肽序列;NtSKOR1蛋白含有孔形成区(P)及锚定蛋白区(ANK)等典型SKOR类蛋白功能域。(3)进化树分析表明,烟草NtSKOR1蛋白与番茄和马铃薯的SKOR蛋白遗传距离最近,与禾本科植物的SKOR蛋白遗传距离较远。(4)组织特异性表达分析表明,NtSKOR1基因主要在烟草根中表达,其表达模式与拟南芥一致;钾胁迫处理后,NtSKOR1基因呈先降低后升高再降低的表达模式。(5)CRISPR/Cas9敲除NtSKOR1基因,烟草叶片钾含量显著降低,表明NtSKOR1基因是控制烟叶钾离子的关键基因之一。该研究结果为解析烟草钾离子吸收转运的分子机制提供重要依据。     

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of serine/arginine-rich specific kinase 3 (<Emphasis Type="Italic">SPRK3</Emphasis>) in porcine skeletal muscle

SRPK3 is a protein kinase belonging to serine/arginine protein kinases (SRPK) family, which phosphorylates serine/arginine repeat-containing proteins, and is controlled by a muscle-specific enhancer directly regulated by MEF2. In this study, a full-length cDNA of the porcine SRPK3 gene encoding a 566 amino acid protein was isolated. It contains 14 exons over approximately 4.3 kb. The deduced amino acid sequence of porcine SRPK3 contains a bipartite kinase domain, and shows high similarities to their corresponding human and cattle homologues. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that porcine SRPK3 mRNAs are highly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle especially in uterus and parorchis, but at low level in brain, stomach, small intestine, and ovary. Expression pattern of SRPK3 was similar in Large White and Chinese Meishan breeds. Both the two breeds had the highest expression levels at fetal 65 days (P < 0.01), and decreased while the age increased until 60 days old, then increased at 120 days (P < 0.01) and decreased at 180 days (P < 0.05). However, at fetal 65 days, the mRNA abundance of SRPK3 in Large White was 12.5-fold higher than in Meishan pigs (P < 0.01), whereas at 180 days, the abundance in Meishan was 3.4-fold higher than in Large White pigs (P < 0.01). These results suggest that the SRPK3 gene might be an important gene of skeletal muscle development and also provides basic molecular information useful for further studies on its roles in porcine skeletal muscle.     

Temporal expression of TnI fast and slow isoforms in biceps femoris and masseter muscle during pig growth

Biceps femoris (BF) and masseter muscle (MM) are the mixture of slow oxidative and fast-twitch fibres. Compared with MM, BF had the significantly higher expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) fast IIx and IIb isoforms (MyHCIIx and MyHCIIb), but lower expression of MyHC slow isoform (MyHCI) and fast IIa isoform (MyHCIIa). The objective of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of troponin I (TnI) slow-twitch isoform (TNNI1) and fast-twitch isoform (TNNI2) in BF and MM of Yorkshire and Meishan pigs which differed significantly in the growth rate. The expression of the TNNI1 and TNNI2 peaked at the postnatal 35 days in Yorkshire pigs and postnatal 60 days in Meishan pigs. The expression of TNNI1 and TNNI2 in Meishan pigs was significantly higher than that in Yorkshire pigs at the foetal 60 days, while the opposite occurred at postnatal 35 days. The expression ratio of TNNI1 relative to TNNI2 favoured TNNI2 expression in BF and MM regardless of Yorkshire and Meishan pigs. TNNI1 expression in MM was significantly higher than that in BF at 60, 120 and 180 days in Meishan pigs and at 120 and 180 days in Yorkshire pigs. On the contrary, no significant difference of TNNI2 expression in BF and MM was found except for Yorkshire pigs of 180 days. This study provided the foundation for future research on TnI isoforms as the model gene to study mechanisms of muscle fibre-specific gene regulation in pigs.     

猪STCH基因的Bi-PASA遗传标记及多态性研究

微粒体应激 70蛋白三磷酸腺苷酶 (STCH)基因属于应激 70蛋白基因伴侣家族 ,在机体免疫反应和疾病抵抗力等方面起重要作用。根据人和小鼠STCH基因的保守序列设计引物 ,PCR扩增到猪STCH基因第5外显子 4 4 5bp片段。序列测定显示 ,猪STCH基因与人和小鼠STCH基因分别具有 87 13%和 80 4 5 %的同源性。通过测定和比较中国梅山猪、欧洲约克夏猪及PIC商品猪的STCH基因序列 ,发现在猪STCH基因编码区第 5外显子 10 5 0位点上存在一个单碱基突变位点。利用双向特定等位基因PCR扩增法 (Bi PASA)建立了检测猪STCH基因变异的遗传标记 ,并用该标记分析了STCH基因在中国家猪 (梅山猪、荣昌猪和金华猪 )、欧洲家猪 (约克夏猪、大白猪 )、商品猪 (PIC合成系 )以及欧洲野猪的基因频率和多态性。本研究建立的Bi PASA遗传标记和基因变异信息 ,将为进一步分析猪STCH基因变异与经济性状的相关分析提供基础资料。     

Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of exons 3 and 4 of IGF-1 gene in pigs

The IGF-1 gene has been implicated as a candidate gene for the regulation of pig growth traits. We analyzed exons 3 and 4 of IGF-1 gene polymorphisms of the Banna mini-pig (28), the Tibetan mini-pig (30), the Junmu pig (55), and L. Yorkshire species (50) using PCR-SSCP. Three genotypes in exon 3 and 6 genotypes in exon 4 were observed, among which, one single nucleotide polymorphism, G201A, on exon 3 and two single nucleotide polymorphisms, A440G and T455C, on exon 4 were found. Statistical analysis of genotype frequencies revealed that the A allele was dominant in the large pig at the G201A locus (PIC = 0.20-0.34), and the AT alleles were dominant in the large pig at the A440G and T455C loci (PIC = 0.30-0.60). The genotype distribution between the various groups was significantly different (P< 0.01), with the highest heterozygosity seen in Junmu pigs at 0.223 and the lowest seen in L. Yorkshire at 0.098. The genetic distance of the Junmu pig from the L. Yorkshire is the smallest, the distance from the Tibetan miniature pigs is larger, and the distance from the Banna mini-pig is the largest. The IGF-1 gene polymorphism and heterozygosity results from various pig breeds indicate that IGF-1 is substantially polymorphic with significant difference of the polymorphic distribution and expression levels among various pig breeds. This information provides a theoretical basis for the genetic background of miniature pigs but also provides means to breed improved pig varieties.     

The overexpression of P21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) promotes paclitaxel-chemoresistance of epithelial ovarian cancer

Protein kinases are important regulators in biologic processes. Aberrant expression of protein kinases often causes diseases including cancer. In the present study, we found that the serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) might be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) proliferation from a kinome screen using a loss-of-function approach. In clinical samples, SRPK1 was frequently up-regulated in HCCs as compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Functional studies indicated that overexpression of wild-type SRPK1 promoted HCC cell proliferation, while forced expression of the kinase-dead mutant of SRPK1 or RNA interference against SRPK1 suppressed cell growth and malignancy as measured in soft agar assay. The kinase-dead mutant of SRPK1 also inhibited subcutaneous xenografts’ growth of HCC cells in nude mice. Furthermore, western bolt analysis showed overexpression of wild-type SRPK1 enhanced Akt phosphorylation and knockdown of SRPK1 by RNA interference attenuated Akt phosphorylation induced by epidermal growth factor. Meanwhile, overexpression of wild-type SRPK1 also induced a concurrent increase in the total tyrosine phosphorylation of phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase p110α subunit, indicating a functional link between SRPK1 and PI3K/Akt signaling. Our findings suggest that SRPK1 plays an oncogenic role and could be a potential therapeutic target in HCC.     

Mapping, expression and regulation of the TRα gene in porcine adipose tissue

Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. There are at least two TR isoforms, TRα and TRβ. The TRα isoform plays a critical role in mediating the action of thyroid hormone in adipose tissue. We mapped the porcine TRα gene to chromosome 12 p11-p13, by using the ImpRH panel. We examined tissue-localization of TRα and determined expression patterns of TRα in porcine adipose tissue with quantitative real-time PCR. TRα was expressed in all tissues, including heart, liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas, brain, small intestine, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the adipose tissue, the expression of TRα decreased postnatally. Compared to Yorkshire pigs, Jinhua pigs had significantly lower expression levels of TRα gene in the subcutaneous fat tissue. The expression levels of β2-AR, HSL and ATGL were also significantly lower in Jinhua pigs than in Yorkshire pigs. However, no significant differences in PPARγ and SREBP-1C expression levels were found between Jinhua and Yorkshire pigs. Incubation of porcine adipose tissue explants with high doses of isoproterenol (100 and 1000 nM) significantly increased the expression levels of TRα. We conclude that there is considerable evidence that TRα plays an important role in fat deposition in porcine adipose tissue.     

Genomic structure and gene order of swine chromosome 7q1.1-->q1.2

To clarify the structure of the porcine genomic region that contains quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to fat, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig of the region from DST to SRPK1 on porcine chromosome 7 and performed low-redundancy 'skim' shotgun sequencing of the clones that composed a minimum tiling path of the contig. This analysis revealed that the gene order from VPS52 to SRPK1 is conserved between human and swine and that comparison with the human sequence identified a rearrangement in the swine genome at the proximal end of VPS52. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of three BAC clones that included the rearrangement point demonstrated that COL21A1 and DST, which were not present in the corresponding human region, were located adjacent to the rearrangement point. These results provide useful information about the genomic region containing QTL for fat in pigs and help to clarify the structure of the so-called 'extended-class II' region distal to the porcine major histocompatibility complex class II region.     

猪MyoG基因的PCR-RFLP多态性分析

以杜洛克、长白、大约克、南昌白、二花脸、梅山猪、玉山黑猪、乐平花猪、金华两头乌及上高两头乌等中外10个猪种共计561头猪为研究材料,采用3对引物（PCR1、PCR2、PCR3）分别扩增猪肌细胞生成素（MyoG）基因的不同区域,扩增产物经限制性核酸内切酶MspⅠ酶切后发现：（1）在PCR1 MspⅠ-RFLP位点上,外来品种杜洛克、长白、大约克及培育品种南昌白中极大多数个体表现为AA型,个别为BB型;而6个中国地方猪种除乐平花猪外均以BB型居多。（2）在PCR2 MspⅠ-RFLP位点上,6个中国地方猪种除一头玉山黑猪表现为MN型外,其余均为MM型;而外来品种以NN型占大多数,培育品种南昌白更趋向于外来品种。（3）在PCR3 MspⅠ-RFLP位点上,所有猪种均可得到扩增产物,但无MspⅠ酶切位点。（4）在梅山猪及与其亲缘关系较近的二花脸猪中,没有发现Soumillion等(1997)报道的梅山猪特异性MspⅠ多态性酶切位点。