基于悬液芯片系统的新城疫病毒强、弱毒高通量检测方法的建立

目的:利用悬液芯片系统建立一种高通量检测新城疫病毒强、弱毒的方法并将该方法的灵敏度与传统的酶联免疫反应(ELISA)进行比较.方法:将F48E9和LaSota单克隆抗体通过共价偶联的方式连接到聚苯乙烯微球的表面构成捕获抗体,利用捕获抗体、检测物、生物素化的多抗及链霉亲和素化的藻红蛋白建立双抗夹心的免疫检测模式.检测物作为抗原与捕获抗体结合后与生物素化的新城疫多抗进行反应,反应完成后,用链霉亲和素标记的荧光探针对反应产物进行标记得到悬液芯片系统的检测物.结果:微球包被实验结果表明,包被100 μL微球所需F48E9和LaSota单克隆抗体的最佳量分别是14.85 μg和17.65 μg;新城疫病毒多抗的最佳稀释倍数为400倍;悬液芯片检测方法检测NDV强毒的灵敏度为1∶160,弱毒的灵敏度为1∶320;抗体特异性实验表明,该方法所使用的两种捕获抗体的体异性良好.该方法与传统的ELISA在相同灵敏度的前提下,其在检测时间、检测步骤及高通量方面优于ELISA.结论:基于悬液芯片系统的新城疫强、弱毒高通量检测方法的建立对于该病毒的快速诊断具有重要的意义.     

复合式悬液芯片系统在病原学检测中的临床应用

复合式悬液芯片系统（multiplex suspension array system,MSAS）由悬浮芯片和微流体芯片组成,具有高通量精确定量的特点,而且具有较高的准确性和重复性,在多种蛋白质分子的同时精确定量和大规模样品检测方面有着很大的应用优势,其应用领域覆盖感染性疾病的快速诊断、细胞因子、信号通路、肿瘤标志物、流行病学病原体的筛查、蛋白质的相互作用、单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的研究等。就MSAS在病原学检测中的应用作一简要综述。     

高通量流式荧光微球悬液芯片检测乙肝病毒基因分型

目的:建立HBV基因分型高通量液相芯片检测技术,并探讨其应用价值.方法:对GenBank中收录的明确分型的HBV基因序列进行分析,选择preS2-S区设计引物和A、B、C和D型特异性探针.与荧光编码微球偶联的特异型探针与一条引物生物素标记的PCR产物直接杂交反应,然后结合亲和素标记的藻红蛋白,用流式检测仪(Bio-Plex 200)检测荧光信号.检测182份阳性乙肝患者血清DNA,其中35份样品检测结果与测序法比较.用B、C型质粒DNA倍比稀释及混合样品检测灵敏度来评估该方法.结果:建立了HBV基因分型的快速高通量液相芯片检测方法.182份患者血清检测结果为:B型占24.2％ (44/182),C型占71.4％(130/182),D型为6.6 ％(12/182),BC混合型4.4％(8/182).其中35份样本与测序法比较,除3份混合型测序法未检出外,其它32例结果均相同本方法的灵敏度检测下线为1×103 copies/mL.结论:应用悬液芯片技术进行乙肝病毒的基因分型分析,具有较好的特异性和较高的灵敏度,并有简便、灵活和高通量等优势.该检测系统不仅在科研中有广泛的前景,也有望成为临床推广的多重分子诊断和基因分型的新方法.     

“小鼠脾脏单细胞悬液不同制备方法及其流式细胞术检测”综合实验的建立与探索

由于流式细胞术应用中涉及的样品制备、仪器使用和数据解读均比较复杂,该文对流式实验教学的内容和形式进行了有益的探索,建立了“小鼠脾脏单细胞悬液不同制备方法及其流式细胞术检测”的综合性实验。新方法不仅包含小鼠原代组织取材、单细胞悬液不同制备方法(手动解离、自动解离)、流式细胞仪计数、显微观察等步骤,而且能涵盖流式抗体的配色与标记、流式细胞仪操作、数据分析(T淋巴细胞亚群的分群)等多个知识点,并围绕不同解离方法对实验结果的影响进行了探讨,极大地改善了实验教学效果和质量,充分发挥了流式细胞术在高校教学和科研中的重要支撑作用,使学生学会完整的流式技术链条,并提升了其科研能力与创造力,从而为培养复合型科研人才提供助力。     

一种基于新型再测序芯片的不明原因腹泻样品检测方法的建立和初步应用

本研究建立了一种基于新型再测序芯片(Resequencing Pathogen Microarray,RPM)的腹泻症候群多病原检测方法,能同时检测14种轮状病毒,7种杯状病毒,8种星状病毒,28种肠道病毒,16种少见致泻病毒。选取已验证的阳性病毒样本为模板来评估该方法的特异性。用克隆质粒和体外转录的RNA梯度稀释液来检验RPM的灵敏度,在20~2 000拷贝/μL水平时RPM仍能检测和分辨出相近的病毒亚型。通过调整参考品的浓度优化了阳性判定阈值,并改进了肠道病毒的检测流程以完成分型。对10份不明原因腹泻样品进行了筛查,从中检出6份腹泻病毒阳性样本。根据RPM结果对样品进行了单重PCR并且测序,RPM与测序结果一致。本研究建立了一种高通量,高特异性,灵敏度较高的RPM方法,对于不明原因腹泻病例的诊断和突发疫情的处理有巨大的应用价值。     

一种基于新型再测序芯片的不明原因呼吸道感染样品检测方法的建立

再测序芯片(Resequencing Pathogen Microarray,RPM)是一种新的基于微阵列DNA芯片的病原体检测与鉴定技术。为了将RPM应用于不明原因呼吸道感染的检测,提高应对传染病暴发的能力,本研究建立了基于一种新型RPM的呼吸道多病原检测方法。该方法可以同时检测19种常见呼吸道病毒、9种甲型流感(Flu A)和11种鼻病毒(HRV)、28种肠病毒、18种少见呼吸道病毒。选取已验证的16种常见呼吸道病毒感染阳性的样本评价RPM的特异性,用克隆质粒或体外转录的RNA梯度稀释液来检验RPM的灵敏度,在10～103拷贝/反应水平时RPM仍能检测和分辨出相近的病毒亚型。将8份不明原因的咽拭子样品提取的核酸合并,用新建立的方法进行检测,根据RPM结果再以普通PCR加测序作为验证,同时和Abbott公司的质谱测序(PLEX-ID)结果进行比较,除RPM检出假阳性PIV1外,三者的其余检测结果一致。结果表明,这种基于新型RPM的方法具有高灵敏度、高通量的优点,对应对新发和突发传染病具有重要意义。     

一种可快速检测食品中酿脓链球菌和无乳链球菌的RPA方法的建立

为了实现食品中酿脓链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)和无乳链球菌(S.agalactiae)快速、高效检测,本研究建立了一种同时快速检测食品中这两种细菌的方法.本研究基于重组酶聚合酶等温扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)原理,选择酿脓链球菌致...     

微机自动控制动物饮食行为检测仪的研制

采用红外传感、减速马达和光电传感组合、压力传感、51系列单片微机控制和记忆等技术,研制一种检测动物饮食行为的仪器,用于药物和食品研制中的动物实验。经30例小鼠实验证明,效果良好,该仪器为测定动物饮食行为提供了一种全新的先进方法。     

Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography method to monitor the residues of benzimidazoles in bovine milk

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed that can determine 11 benzimidazole (BZDs) and 10 metabolites of albendazole, fenbendazole and mebendazole in bovine milk. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified by mixed-mode cation exchange (MCX) solid phase extraction cartridges. LC separations were performed on a C₁₈ column with gradient elution using acetonitrile and ammonium acetate solution. The UV-detection was set at 292 nm. The method is very sensitive to each analyte with limits of quantification (LOQs) of lower than 10 μg kg⁻¹. The recoveries of the BZDs and their metabolites spiked in milk were more than 78% with between-day relative standard deviation values less than 16% at the concentration of 10, 50 and 100 μg kg⁻¹. The method developed has been successfully applied to monitoring real samples containing BZDs, which demonstrated that it is a simple, fast and robust method, and could be used as a regulatory toll to determine the residues of BZDs in milk.     

Development of a Multiplexed Bead-Based Suspension Array for the Detection and Discrimination of Pospiviroid Plant Pathogens

Efficient and reliable diagnostic tools for the routine indexing and certification of clean propagating material are essential for the management of pospiviroid diseases in horticultural crops. This study describes the development of a true multiplexed diagnostic method for the detection and identification of all nine currently recognized pospiviroid species in one assay using Luminex bead-based suspension array technology. In addition, a new data-driven, statistical method is presented for establishing thresholds for positivity for individual assays within multiplexed arrays. When applied to the multiplexed array data generated in this study, the new method was shown to have better control of false positives and false negative results than two other commonly used approaches for setting thresholds. The 11-plex Luminex MagPlex-TAG pospiviroid array described here has a unique hierarchical assay design, incorporating a near-universal assay in addition to nine species-specific assays, and a co-amplified plant internal control assay for quality assurance purposes. All assays of the multiplexed array were shown to be 100% specific, sensitive and reproducible. The multiplexed array described herein is robust, easy to use, displays unambiguous results and has strong potential for use in routine pospiviroid indexing to improve disease management strategies.     

The antimicrobial effects of glucosinolates and their respective enzymatic hydrolysis products on bacteria isolated from the human intestinal tract

Aims:  The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of glucosinolates and their enzymatic hydrolysis product against bacteria isolated from the human intestinal tract.
Methods and results:  Using a disc diffusion bioassay, different doses of intact glucosinolates and their corresponding hydrolysis products were tested. There were clear structure–activity and concentration differences with respect to the in vitro growth inhibition effects as well as differences in the sensitivities of the individual bacteria. The most effective glucosinolate hydrolysis products were the isothiocyanates; sulforaphane and benzyl isothiocyanate were the best inhibitors of growth. Indole-3-carbinol had some inhibitory effects against the Gram-positive bacteria but had no effect, even at the highest dose, against the Gram-negative bacteria. Indole-3-acetonitrile had some inhibitory activity against the Gram-negative bacteria. Glucosinolates, nitriles and amines were ineffective at all the doses used.
Conclusions:  Glucosinolate hydrolysis products and specifically the isothiocyanates SFN and BITC have significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and might be useful in controlling human pathogens through the diet.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  This the first major in vitro study demonstrating the potential of these natural dietary chemicals as an alternative to, or in combination with, current antibiotic-based therapies for treating infectious diseases.     

加强福建省水产品质量安全检验检测体系建设

介绍了我国水产品质量安全检验检测体系的现状和主要问题,剖析了现阶段体系建设存在的问题,指出了在福建全省范围内建立水产品质量安全检验检测体系的重要性,提出了体系建设的目标和思路。     

The Influence of a Change in Farm Dairy Practice on the Bacterial Flora of Fresh and Stored Raw Milk

S ummary . The change in farm dairy practice described resulted in an increase in the percentage of pseudomonads isolated from milks stored at 22, 15 and 5° and in the numbers of Gram-negative rod cultures resistant to hypochlorite.     

Effect of Modified Atmospheres on the Growth and Extracellular Enzyme Activities of Psychrotrophs in Raw Milk

The conservation of food products within a controlled atmosphere is efficient in packaging. To extend the cold storage of raw milk, the effects of five gas atmospheres enriched with carbon dioxide and nitrogen were investigated. Treated and control milk were stored at 7 °C for 10 days and analyzed for microbial counts, pH, proteolysis and lipolysis. The addition of CO₂, N₂, or their mixture had a significant inhibitory effect on psychrotrophic growth. The generation times of these microorganisms were significantly longer in treated milk, particularly for yeasts where they amounted to 16.63 h. The maximum inhibition was observed when a gas mixture of 50 % CO₂ and 50 % N₂ was used. As a result, psychrotrophic growth was affected to 98 % whereas this inhibition did not exceed 78 % when CO₂ and 41 % N₂ were applied. Milk treatment under the conditions of 50 % CO₂ and 50 % N₂ gave significantly lower counts for all groups of psychrotrophs being more efficient against Enterobacteriaceae with 99.5 % of inhibition. Storage of raw milk under the tested atmospheres had a different effect on extracellular enzyme productions. Significant decreases in protease and lipase activities were observed during the storage at 7 °C. These enzyme activities were not detectable with pure CO₂ and a 50 % CO₂ and 50 % N₂ mixture. N₂ has shown to be the less efficient treatment against lipases (65 %) and proteases (95 %). With regard to growth, the course of the pH and the protease and lipase activities, the tested gas mixture of 50 % CO₂ and 50 % N₂ was more suitable for extending the shelf life of raw milk.     

生物技术在轻工、食品领域的应用及展望

本文回顾了近十余年来轻工、食品领域生物技术取得的重大成就,结合产业发展计划提出了今后研究和开发的重点。积极采用现代生物技术与食品加工技术相结合,加速改造传统工艺、开发具天然、营养、生理功能的新一代食品。     

Development of a Disperse Dye Immunoassay Technique for Detection of Antibodies against Neospora caninum in Cattle

In this study a disperse dye immunoassay method was standardized and evaluated for detection of antibodies against Neospora caninum in cattle. Sera from 150 cattle with a recent history of abortion were collected and tested by commercial ELISA kit and a standardized in-house dye immunoassay system. The positivity rate for the sera used in this study was 34.6% for the disperse dye immunoassay (DDIA) compared to 32% obtained by ELISA kit. This study showed no significant difference between DDIA and ELISA. The results indicated that the DDIA provide an economic, simple, rapid and robust test for detection of N. caninum infection in cattle.     

Development of a simple and high-throughput method for detecting aflatoxins production in culture media

Aims: To develop a simple, high‐throughput and inexpensive procedure to detect and quantify aflatoxins into the culture media of growing mycelia. Methods and Results: Fungal conidia (Aspergillus flavus) were inoculated into the wells of a microplate containing 200 μl of different formulations of coconut‐derived liquid medium. Time‐dependent production of aflatoxins in the culture media was evaluated by a procedure relying on the UV‐induced fluorescence emission by the toxin, using a microplate reader. These data were validated by comparison with the outputs of a conventional HPLC‐based procedure. Determinations of aflatoxin concentration, according to the fluorimetric procedure, were performed either by withdrawing samples from the plates or by direct ‘in situ’ readings, the latter method reinforcing the high‐throughput feature of the procedure. Fluorescence enhancers (cyclodextrins) did not ameliorate the sensitivity of the procedure to low concentrations of the toxin into the medium. The efficacy of the procedure was also validated by testing the effect on toxin yield of adding an antioxidant agent (α‐lipoic acid) to the medium. Conclusions: We give evidence that our improved procedure is reliable and suitable to analyse aflatoxin accumulation time course in coconut‐derived culture medium. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study shows that our procedure may profitably be used to give insights into the mechanisms of regulation of mycotoxin production and, consequently, to implement different strategies for the containment of aflatoxin contamination of food and feed commodities.