基于悬液芯片系统的新城疫病毒强、弱毒高通量检测方法的建立

目的:利用悬液芯片系统建立一种高通量检测新城疫病毒强、弱毒的方法并将该方法的灵敏度与传统的酶联免疫反应(ELISA)进行比较.方法:将F48E9和LaSota单克隆抗体通过共价偶联的方式连接到聚苯乙烯微球的表面构成捕获抗体,利用捕获抗体、检测物、生物素化的多抗及链霉亲和素化的藻红蛋白建立双抗夹心的免疫检测模式.检测物作为抗原与捕获抗体结合后与生物素化的新城疫多抗进行反应,反应完成后,用链霉亲和素标记的荧光探针对反应产物进行标记得到悬液芯片系统的检测物.结果:微球包被实验结果表明,包被100 μL微球所需F48E9和LaSota单克隆抗体的最佳量分别是14.85 μg和17.65 μg;新城疫病毒多抗的最佳稀释倍数为400倍;悬液芯片检测方法检测NDV强毒的灵敏度为1∶160,弱毒的灵敏度为1∶320;抗体特异性实验表明,该方法所使用的两种捕获抗体的体异性良好.该方法与传统的ELISA在相同灵敏度的前提下,其在检测时间、检测步骤及高通量方面优于ELISA.结论:基于悬液芯片系统的新城疫强、弱毒高通量检测方法的建立对于该病毒的快速诊断具有重要的意义.     

复合式悬液芯片系统在病原学检测中的临床应用

复合式悬液芯片系统（multiplex suspension array system,MSAS）由悬浮芯片和微流体芯片组成,具有高通量精确定量的特点,而且具有较高的准确性和重复性,在多种蛋白质分子的同时精确定量和大规模样品检测方面有着很大的应用优势,其应用领域覆盖感染性疾病的快速诊断、细胞因子、信号通路、肿瘤标志物、流行病学病原体的筛查、蛋白质的相互作用、单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的研究等。就MSAS在病原学检测中的应用作一简要综述。     

高通量流式荧光微球悬液芯片检测乙肝病毒基因分型

目的:建立HBV基因分型高通量液相芯片检测技术,并探讨其应用价值.方法:对GenBank中收录的明确分型的HBV基因序列进行分析,选择preS2-S区设计引物和A、B、C和D型特异性探针.与荧光编码微球偶联的特异型探针与一条引物生物素标记的PCR产物直接杂交反应,然后结合亲和素标记的藻红蛋白,用流式检测仪(Bio-Plex 200)检测荧光信号.检测182份阳性乙肝患者血清DNA,其中35份样品检测结果与测序法比较.用B、C型质粒DNA倍比稀释及混合样品检测灵敏度来评估该方法.结果:建立了HBV基因分型的快速高通量液相芯片检测方法.182份患者血清检测结果为:B型占24.2％ (44/182),C型占71.4％(130/182),D型为6.6 ％(12/182),BC混合型4.4％(8/182).其中35份样本与测序法比较,除3份混合型测序法未检出外,其它32例结果均相同本方法的灵敏度检测下线为1×103 copies/mL.结论:应用悬液芯片技术进行乙肝病毒的基因分型分析,具有较好的特异性和较高的灵敏度,并有简便、灵活和高通量等优势.该检测系统不仅在科研中有广泛的前景,也有望成为临床推广的多重分子诊断和基因分型的新方法.     

“小鼠脾脏单细胞悬液不同制备方法及其流式细胞术检测”综合实验的建立与探索

由于流式细胞术应用中涉及的样品制备、仪器使用和数据解读均比较复杂,该文对流式实验教学的内容和形式进行了有益的探索,建立了“小鼠脾脏单细胞悬液不同制备方法及其流式细胞术检测”的综合性实验。新方法不仅包含小鼠原代组织取材、单细胞悬液不同制备方法(手动解离、自动解离)、流式细胞仪计数、显微观察等步骤,而且能涵盖流式抗体的配色与标记、流式细胞仪操作、数据分析(T淋巴细胞亚群的分群)等多个知识点,并围绕不同解离方法对实验结果的影响进行了探讨,极大地改善了实验教学效果和质量,充分发挥了流式细胞术在高校教学和科研中的重要支撑作用,使学生学会完整的流式技术链条,并提升了其科研能力与创造力,从而为培养复合型科研人才提供助力。     

一种基于新型再测序芯片的不明原因腹泻样品检测方法的建立和初步应用

本研究建立了一种基于新型再测序芯片(Resequencing Pathogen Microarray,RPM)的腹泻症候群多病原检测方法,能同时检测14种轮状病毒,7种杯状病毒,8种星状病毒,28种肠道病毒,16种少见致泻病毒。选取已验证的阳性病毒样本为模板来评估该方法的特异性。用克隆质粒和体外转录的RNA梯度稀释液来检验RPM的灵敏度,在20~2 000拷贝/μL水平时RPM仍能检测和分辨出相近的病毒亚型。通过调整参考品的浓度优化了阳性判定阈值,并改进了肠道病毒的检测流程以完成分型。对10份不明原因腹泻样品进行了筛查,从中检出6份腹泻病毒阳性样本。根据RPM结果对样品进行了单重PCR并且测序,RPM与测序结果一致。本研究建立了一种高通量,高特异性,灵敏度较高的RPM方法,对于不明原因腹泻病例的诊断和突发疫情的处理有巨大的应用价值。     

一种快速检测岷江百合总RNA样本中基因组DNA残留的方法

总RNA样本中残留基因组DNA会严重影响qRT-PCR的准确性。为了检测RNA样本中的DNA残留,依据持家基因TIP41-like的部分内含子序列设计了1对基因组DNA残留检测引物:LDRG-F:5'-CTCTTTTATGACGAGGTTGGTA-3'及LDRG-R:5'-CAGGGAAATCGGTCAGTGTT-3'。利用这对引物对3种不同RNA提取试剂盒提取的总RNA样本以及2种不同第1链cDNA合成试剂盒合成的cDNA样本进行PCR扩增检测,能高效快速地检测岷江百合总RNA以及cDNA样本中有无基因组DNA残留。     

一种基于新型再测序芯片的不明原因呼吸道感染样品检测方法的建立

再测序芯片(Resequencing Pathogen Microarray,RPM)是一种新的基于微阵列DNA芯片的病原体检测与鉴定技术。为了将RPM应用于不明原因呼吸道感染的检测,提高应对传染病暴发的能力,本研究建立了基于一种新型RPM的呼吸道多病原检测方法。该方法可以同时检测19种常见呼吸道病毒、9种甲型流感(Flu A)和11种鼻病毒(HRV)、28种肠病毒、18种少见呼吸道病毒。选取已验证的16种常见呼吸道病毒感染阳性的样本评价RPM的特异性,用克隆质粒或体外转录的RNA梯度稀释液来检验RPM的灵敏度,在10～103拷贝/反应水平时RPM仍能检测和分辨出相近的病毒亚型。将8份不明原因的咽拭子样品提取的核酸合并,用新建立的方法进行检测,根据RPM结果再以普通PCR加测序作为验证,同时和Abbott公司的质谱测序(PLEX-ID)结果进行比较,除RPM检出假阳性PIV1外,三者的其余检测结果一致。结果表明,这种基于新型RPM的方法具有高灵敏度、高通量的优点,对应对新发和突发传染病具有重要意义。     

一种可快速检测食品中酿脓链球菌和无乳链球菌的RPA方法的建立

为了实现食品中酿脓链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)和无乳链球菌(S.agalactiae)快速、高效检测,本研究建立了一种同时快速检测食品中这两种细菌的方法.本研究基于重组酶聚合酶等温扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)原理,选择酿脓链球菌致...     

水产养殖中益生菌研究进展

益生菌在水产养殖中能够净化水质、预防疾病、促进生长且安全、环保、无抗性,是抗生素的理想替代品,具有重要的研究价值和广阔的应用前景。本文主要从益生菌制剂的定义概述、作用机理及特性进行阐述,分析益生菌制剂存在的问题,探讨水产养殖用益生菌制剂的研究方向。     

脂溶性维生素的安全性

脂溶性维生素是很重要的营养素,在食品或饲料业中作为添加剂,使用范围广泛。这类维生素可在体内贮存,缺乏或过量都会影响机体生长和代谢功能。本文综述脂溶性维生素的生理功能与来源、缺乏与过量时的危害,以及添加时的注意事项,以保证其使用的安全性。     

脂溶性维生素的安全性

脂溶性维生素是很重要的营养素,在食品或饲料业中作为添加剂,使用范围广泛。这类维生素可在体内贮存,缺乏或过量都会影响机体生长和代谢功能。本文综述脂溶性维生素的生理功能与来源、缺乏与过量时的危害,以及添加时的注意事项,以保证其使用的安全性。     

氨基酸锌化合物的研究进展

氨基酸锌作为一种重要的营养添加剂,在补充人体微量元素方面有着重要的作用,本文重点综述了氨基酸锌制备的方法以及制备过程中的影响因素。     

The antimicrobial effects of glucosinolates and their respective enzymatic hydrolysis products on bacteria isolated from the human intestinal tract

Aims:  The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of glucosinolates and their enzymatic hydrolysis product against bacteria isolated from the human intestinal tract.
Methods and results:  Using a disc diffusion bioassay, different doses of intact glucosinolates and their corresponding hydrolysis products were tested. There were clear structure–activity and concentration differences with respect to the in vitro growth inhibition effects as well as differences in the sensitivities of the individual bacteria. The most effective glucosinolate hydrolysis products were the isothiocyanates; sulforaphane and benzyl isothiocyanate were the best inhibitors of growth. Indole-3-carbinol had some inhibitory effects against the Gram-positive bacteria but had no effect, even at the highest dose, against the Gram-negative bacteria. Indole-3-acetonitrile had some inhibitory activity against the Gram-negative bacteria. Glucosinolates, nitriles and amines were ineffective at all the doses used.
Conclusions:  Glucosinolate hydrolysis products and specifically the isothiocyanates SFN and BITC have significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and might be useful in controlling human pathogens through the diet.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  This the first major in vitro study demonstrating the potential of these natural dietary chemicals as an alternative to, or in combination with, current antibiotic-based therapies for treating infectious diseases.     

食品添加剂对肠道微生物组的影响

肠道微生物参与宿主多种代谢途径的调节,对机体多种生理功能产生重要影响,并在许多慢性炎性疾病的发展中起核心作用,而饮食中的营养物质能够影响肠道微生物群落结构并为微生物的代谢提供底物。本文综述食品添加剂对肠道微生物组的影响,对预防和治疗与肠道微生物群落相关的许多疾提供科学依据。     

First outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Berta in Italy

Aims:  To provide an epidemiologic interpretation of a suspected outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Berta strains isolated from humans and from the leftovers of the implicated foods (cream, dairy‐based desserts and eggs). Methods and Results:  We have correlated the similarity between the strains through genotyping with Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), studying antimicrobial sensitivity patterns and epidemiological investigation. The clonal origin of the outbreak was confirmed by all laboratory tests. PFGE analysis of the restriction profiles obtained with XbaI and SpeI revealed a certainly correlation from the strains isolated from the various sources, while the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was the same in all cases, with all strains sensitive to all antibiotics tested. Conclusions:  Poor hygiene conditions in the facility concerned, lack of hygiene in food handling, high summer temperatures and positive cultures from asymptomatic staff could all be implicated in the infection, with food being the means through which it spread. Significance and Impact of the Study:  This study describes the first outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Berta (Salmonella Berta) reported in Italy. It confirms the importance of correlating epidemiological investigations with genotyping and phenotyping to understand the dynamics of infection.     

Enzymatic Studies on the Conversion of Erythritol Fermentation to d-Mannitol Fermentation in n-Alkane-grown Yeast Candida zeylanoides

In the polyol fermentation by Candida zeylanoides KY6166, which occurred preferentially by keeping the pH of medium at acidic side (below 4.0), phosphate ion played a precise role in the conversion of erythritol fermentation to d-mannitol fermentation. Enzymatic studies on the conversion mechanism provided the following evidences.

The enzymes involved in pentosephosphate cycle were considerably depressed in polyol production phase in which intracellular pH ranged from 5.5 to 5.7. Particularly transaldolase responsible for the synthesis of erythrose 4-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate plus d-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate was significantly depressed at pH 5.5. Besides, transketolase which participated directly in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate from fructose 6-phosphate was significantly inhibited by phosphate ion. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was slightly inhibited by phosphate ion.

The enzymes involved in pentosephosphate cycle were considerably depressed in polyol production phase in which intracellular pH ranged from 5.5 to 5.7. Particularly transaldolase responsible for the synthesis of erythrose 4-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate plus d-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate was significantly depressed at pH 5.5. Besides, transketolase which participated directly in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate from fructose 6-phosphate was significantly inhibited by phosphate ion. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was slightly inhibited by phosphateion. From these results, the alteration from erythritol fermentation to mannitol fermentation by phosphate ion was explained as the result of the change in the level of erythrose 4-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate which was caused by the inhibition of transketolase.     

肉碱的生理功能及其应用前景

概述了Ｌ－肉碱的生理功能,及其机能性食品、饲料添加剂、药品方面的应用。     

Microbial biosurfactants as additives for food industries

Microbial biosurfactants with high ability to reduce surface and interfacial surface tension and conferring important properties such as emulsification, detergency, solubilization, lubrication and phase dispersion have a wide range of potential applications in many industries. Significant interest in these compounds has been demonstrated by environmental, bioremediation, oil, petroleum, food, beverage, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries attracted by their low toxicity, biodegradability and sustainable production technologies. Despite having significant potentials associated with emulsion formation, stabilization, antiadhesive and antimicrobial activities, significantly less output and applications have been reported in food industry. This has been exacerbated by uneconomical or uncompetitive costing issues for their production when compared to plant or chemical counterparts. In this review, biosurfactants properties, present uses and potential future applications as food additives acting as thickening, emulsifying, dispersing or stabilising agents in addition to the use of sustainable economic processes utilising agro‐industrial wastes as alternative substrates for their production are discussed. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1097–1108, 2013